日粮添加LA和DHA对乳脂脂肪酸含量及比值的影响

本试验选用带有永久性瘤胃、十二指肠和回肠瘘管的泌乳荷斯坦奶牛4头,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,研究日粮添加亚油酸(LA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)对乳常规组成、消化道各段食糜pH以及乳脂脂肪酸构成的影响.试验结果表明:添加LA和DHA不影响乳蛋白和乳糖含量(P>0.05),而添加DHA有显著降低乳脂含量的趋势(P>0.05);日粮共同添加LA与DHA能提高十二指肠前消化道的pH,但差异不显著(P>0.05),而单独添加DHA显著降低了回肠的pH(P<0.05);日粮单独添加DHA增加乳脂中C23:0脂肪酸的含量,但并不降低乳脂中总饱和脂肪酸量.与对照组相比,LA与DHA共同添加使乳脂中总多不饱和脂肪酸增加了100%(P<0.05).LA与DHA共同添加使乳脂中饱和脂肪酸/不饱和脂肪酸由3.18降低至1.24(P<0.05).添加DFIA使乳脂中总单不饱和脂肪酸/多不饱和脂肪酸由5.94降低至3.00(P<0.05).上述研究结果表明,日粮添加LA和DHA可改变乳脂中脂肪酸的组成和比例,有利于人体健康,但DHA使产奶量有一定程度的降低.     

日粮不同蛋白质水平对三元肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

本文旨在研究不同日粮蛋白质水平对三元肥育猪生产性能、血液参数、胴体性状和肉质性状的影响.试验选取36头杜长大三元杂交猪,体重约为(47±4.2)kg,随机分为3个处理,每个处理12个重复,各处理分别饲喂低(12.9%)、中(15.4%)、高(18.7%)3个蛋白质水平日粮.试验第46天后,分别检测血液生化指标、激素水平、胴体品质和肉质性状.结果显示,3个日粮蛋白质水平对日增重、采食量、料重比及胴体品质和肉质性状均无影响(P>0.05);血清碱性磷酸酶、低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯、胆固醇、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、血清尿素氮以及生长激素均以中蛋白质水平组最高;随着日粮蛋白质水平的增加,肥育猪血清胰高血糖素有降低的趋势(P=0.089).以上结果表明,日粮蛋白质水平降低到12.9%并不影响肥育猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质性状.     

环境因素对淡水浮丝藻生长及产生嗅味的影响

研究温度、营养盐浓度以及光照强度对淡水浮丝藻(Planktothrix sp.)及其代谢产物二-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)的影响,为控制丝状蓝藻生长及预警水体嗅味物质污染提供实践依据。浮丝藻由中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水藻种库分离于安徽巢湖;设置的实验温度为15、20、25、30℃,BG-11营养盐溶液体积分数为20%、30%、50%、100%,光照为1 000、2 000、3 000、4 000 lx。结果表明,温度对浮丝藻生长密度、总2-MIB生成量及胞外2-MIB分泌量影响最显著,25℃是浮丝藻最适宜生长温度,最高细胞密度可达6.04×10⁵个/mL,30℃是其最适宜的产2-MIB温度,总2-MIB生成量和胞外2-MIB分泌量均最高,分别为3.64×10³ng/L和2.78×10³ng/L;其次为营养盐浓度,增大BG-11营养盐浓度,浮丝藻生长密度和总2-MIB生成量会随之增加,低浓度营养盐时胞外2-MIB分泌量所占比例较高,表明低浓度营养盐更有利于浮丝藻进行胞外2-MIB分泌;光照对浮丝藻生长及产嗅味物质影响较小,...     

沈阳地区不同利用类型耕地土壤肥力现状评价

采集沈阳地区不同利用类型耕地土壤样品425个,对土壤养分指标进行测试分析。结果表明：沈阳地区土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾整体上属于丰富水平,全氮属于很丰富水平,土壤有效硅、交换性钙、交换性镁平均含量大于临界值,有效铜、有效锌、有效铁、有效锰属于很丰富水平,有效硼属于中等水平,总体肥力较高。     

杂草稻nrDNA ITS片段的PCR扩增条件优化及测定

对杂草稻的nrDNA ITS片段的PCR扩增条件进行了优化并测定,建立的PCR最优体系为：20μL反应体系含1μL模板DNA,0．125mmoL／L dNTPs,0．5μmol／L正反向引物,1U Taq酶,2．0μL 10&#215;Taq PCR Bufter;退火温度为57℃。这样的条件下充分保证了ITS PCR产物的质量和纯度要求,直接测序结果为600bp左右,与网上结果十分类似,表明结果准确可靠。这些ITS片段的系统学信息将为杂草稻的起源进化提供有力的分子水平证据。     

高粱炭疽病研究进展

高粱作为中国主要的酿造原料之一,在国民经济发展中占据重要地位。高粱炭疽病是高粱的主要病害之一,在整个生育期中均可发病,且在温暖湿润的热带和亚热带栽种地区更易发生和流行,不仅影响植株的正常生长,严重时会引起产量的大幅下降和籽粒品质的劣变。多年来,高粱病理学家和育种家对高粱炭疽病病原菌菌株分离、病害发生流行规律、发生原因、寄主抗性利用和抗炭疽病基因定位等方面进行了广泛的研究,取得了一些进展。这些研究为炭疽病的生化防控以及培育抗炭疽病品种奠定了基础。开展高粱炭疽病研究,发掘更丰富多样的优异抗性种质资源,减少农药使用,不仅可以满足中国高粱产业对天然有机高粱原料的巨大需求,还可以推动高粱生产向高产优质转变。对高粱炭疽病的分布和发病症状、炭疽病病原菌侵染机理、病害发生流行规律及流行原因、抗性资源鉴定和高粱抗炭疽病基因定位的相关研究进展进行了综合分析和论述,以期从分子水平上更好地认识高粱与炭疽病病原菌之间的相互作用,为高粱炭疽病研究提供参考。     

保护地桃新品种早醒艳

早醒艳素辽宁农业职业技术学院从１９９２年嫁接、１９９３年定植的冠春桃选育的芽变新品种。该品种需冷量１１７小时,在辽宁省熟岳地区温室中栽培于１１月上中旬升温,１２月中旬开花,果实３月上中旬成熟,比早红珠、早红二号等上２０～３０天成熟。外观美丽,耐贮运,丰产性好。１９９９年通过辽宁省农作物品种审定并命名。     

Effect of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase on the response of guinea pig tracheas induced by peroxynitrite in vitro

AIM and METHODS: to elucidater the effect of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) on tracheal hyperreactivity of guinea - pig induced by peroxynitrite, the responses of guinea pig tracheas to histamine af- ter incubation with peroxynitrite in the absence and presence of 3 - aminobenzamide(3 - AB), a highly selective inhibitor for PARP, were observed in vitro. RESULTS: The exposure of tracheal strips to peroxynitrite led to epithelial damage and hyperreacitivity to histamine, both of which were reversed by 3 - AB(lmmol/L or 5mmol/L), whereas incubation of tracheal strips with 3 - AB(5mmol/L) had no effect on the reponses. CONCLUSION: PARP is involved in the epithelial damage and hyperreactivity of guinea - pig tracheas induced by peroxynitrite. The results suggested that inhibition of excessive activation of PARP may represent a novel strategy for the prevention and therapy of airway hyperreactivity in asthma.     

Role and regulation of calcineurin in angiotensin Ⅱ-stimulated cardiac myocyte hypertrophy of rats

AIM: To study the role and regulation of calcineurin(CaN) in angiotensin II(AngⅡ)-stimulated cardiacmyocyte hypertrophy of rats. METHODS: Using AngⅡ to induce the cultured cardiac myocyte hypertrophy of rats, and investigating the effect of CaN inhibitor on [³H]-leucine incorporation of AngⅡ-stimulated cardiomyocytes and the regulation of various factors on CaN activity in cardiomyocytes.RESULTS: AngⅡ can stimulate the CaN activity in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In cardiac myocytes incubated with 10, 100, 1000 nmol·L^-1 of AngⅡ for 12h, the CaN activities increased respectively by 13%,57%(P＜0.05) and 228%(P＜0.01) compared with that in non-stimulated cardiomyocytes. The CaN activities in AngⅡ-stimulated cardiomyocytes were significantly inhibited by losartan(50 μmol·L^-1), H₇(50 μmol·L^-1)and Fura-2/AM(4 μmol·L^-1),while no effect was observed with PD98059(50 μmol·L^-1).The [³H]-leucine incorporation in AngⅡ-stimulated cardiomyocytes increased by 46%(P＜0.01) compared with that in control group, which was dramatically inhibited by cyclosporin A(0.5~5μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS: Calcineurin, a Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, may play an important role in AngⅡ-induced cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. The activation of CaN may dependent on the sustained increases of [Ca²⁺]i and be regulated by some protein kinases (such as PKC,etc.).     

Effect of 2, 3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) on myocardial protection in cold cardioplegia

AIM: The effects of BDM on isolated rat heart in cold cardioplegia were studied. METHODS: Rat heart were subjected to cold cardioplegia at 4℃ for 8, 18 and 24 h.Then each heart was perfused (90 cm H₂O) in Langendorff model at 37℃ for 40 min. In the high K⁺ group(n=24) the hearts were preserved in St.Thomas cardioplegic solution, in BDM group(n=24) hearts were preserved in K-H solution with BDM 30 mmoL/L. RESULTS: After 18 h, heart rate and the coronary flow in BDM group were significantly higher than in high K⁺ group(P＜0.05). Activity of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase in cell membrane and in mitochondrial membrane in the BDM group was significantly higher than high K⁺ group(P＜0.01). After 24 h, all hearts in high K⁺ group were dead, but were alive in BDM group. CONCLUSION: Under given experiment conditions, BDM did enhance the tolerance to cold ischemia significantly. The results showed that BDM may become a useful agent for prolong the storage period of heart in cold cardioglegia.