磷酸法竹活性炭除铬性能的研究

以磷酸法制备的不定型竹活性炭为原料,分析其脱除六价铬的过程,探讨吸附时间、温度、浓度和p H值对竹活性炭除铬性能的影响。结果表明,随着吸附时间和温度的增大,竹活性炭对K2Cr2O7溶液的吸附量不断上升;溶液起始浓度的提高,有利于活性炭对六价铬的吸附量和吸附速率的增大,且吸附速率与起始浓度成线性关系,速率方程为r=0.07835c-0.805。     

高等农业院校素质教育评价体系的构建

构建素质教育评价体系对高校改革发展具有重要作用。调查显示,农业院校学生迫切需要强化素质教育。农业院校素质教育评价体系的构建与实施应从自身实际出发,针对学生实际,构建科学合理的知识结构,突出学生的综合发展测评。同时,注意助推学校的改革发展,准确合理定位学校的层次、类型、功能和特色,使学校育人目标和社会人才需求目标一致,学校发展目标和师生发展目标相和谐。     

基于案例推理的产品质量安全风险评估研究

为了建立健全产品质量安全风险管理体系，加强产品质量安全风险预警的要求，同时最大程度地利用过去成功的风险评估案例，构建了基于案例推理的产品质量安全风险评估系统。针对某种产品，根据专家的知识建立风险评估指标体系，并将每个评估指标赋权重，计算与案例库中的各个案例相似度，寻找出最大相似度案例，据此，辅助相关人员对目标案例进行风险分析与评估。     

A calibration method of detecting soil water content based on the information-sharing in wireless sensor network

In agricultural production, there is contradiction between the cost and accuracy of detection during the course of acquiring soil water content (θ) online. This conflict is one of the core issues of automatic water-saving irrigation technology in agriculture. At the same time, capacitive soil moisture sensor (CSMS) has received considerable attention, for it can acquire θ with low cost and high precision, and meet the application requirements of wireless sensor network (WSN). But CSMS is vulnerable to the soil temperature (T_s) and salinity (S_s) in the measurement process. Therefore, this study took EC-5 sensor for example to establish water detection calibration models of soil temperature and salinity for single sensor, using Least Squares Support Vector Machines on MatLAB (LS-SVMlab) as the tool. On this basis, we explored the spatial variability of T_s and S_s, and then a method, which could be used to calibrate the output signals of sensors in multi-point network, was proposed based on the information-sharing (T_s or S_s) technology of WSN. Through laboratory experiment, we effectively reduced the impact of soil temperature and salinity on the single sensor. In example analysis, we investigated the detection precision and costs under different information-sharing radiuses (r). And the results indicated that the method we proposed based on the information-sharing technology of WSN could successfully calibrate the influence of soil temperature and salinity on sensors in multi-point network, and it was an efficacious approach to determine the balance between the calibration accuracy of moisture sensor and the investment of agricultural production. For example, while the calibration precision of soil temperature and salinity is respectively 1%, the costs can be reduced by 30%.     

对福州市旅游景区的认知研究

运用NMDS方法研究了福州市居民对福州市旅游景区的认知。通过空间定位图分析发现,在居民的认知中福州市10家旅游景区被聚合为3个组群：自然风光类旅游景区组群、人文风貌和自然风貌旅游景区组群、海岛风光旅游景区和博物馆旅游景区组群;在当地居民对旅游景区的感知情况方面,有4家旅游景区的感知率小于60%;在到访情况方面,旅游景区到访率只有3家大于70%,有2家介于35%和55%之间,有5家小于30%。通过特征属性和旅游景区之间的配适分析与水平距离分析发现,居民对前2个组群的评价较高,对后1个组群的评价较低。据此提出了福州市旅游发展的建议。     

光胁迫对沙冬青叶绿素荧光特征和光呼吸的影响

使用LI-6400测定乌兰布和沙漠东北缘的沙冬青在不同光合有效辐射下的叶绿素荧光特征和光呼吸变化,进而研究其光破坏防御特征的变化。结果表明,PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)可作为衡量沙冬青光胁迫程度大小指标,有效光化学量子产量(Fv′/Fm′)、总光合速率(Pt)、非光化学猝灭(qN)、光呼吸速率(Rp)和Rp/Pt等指标的光进程曲线临界点值和临界点光强度与Fv/Fm的关系都具有明显的规律性。随着Fv/Fm降低,光胁迫程度增加,导致沙冬青光胁迫的最小光合有效辐射降低。可见,沙冬青光破坏防御的一种策略是在胁迫程度较小时通过提高热耗散和光呼吸相对比值(Rp/Pt)来消耗过剩能量,而在胁迫程度较大时可通过增加抑制热耗散和光呼吸的光合有效辐射实现对过剩光能的消耗。     

遮穗和去颖下燕麦穗部特征变化和穗部光合贡献率估算

随着探索提高植物整体光合能力相关研究的不断开展，麦类作物穗部器官等植物非叶绿色器官光合潜力挖掘逐渐得到关注。本研究在成都平原秋播美达、贝勒、莫尼卡、摄政王、泰克和甜燕60等6个品种燕麦，设置遮穗、去颖2个试验处理，比较分析了各品种间穗部特征、穗部光合贡献率、颖片光合贡献率和茎光合物质转移率等差异。结果表明，燕麦穗部器官光合贡献率为28.56%～49.05%，其中甜燕60最高；6个品种燕麦的颖片光合贡献率为11.03%～36.88%，茎光合物质转移率为6.65%～35.81%。燕麦穗部器官对籽实增重表现了较高的光合贡献，当燕麦穗部器官光合受到限制时，燕麦单粒种子重和单穗种子数显著降低，尤其是影响双粒小穗数。     

Mg对‘黑美人’西瓜叶片C、N代谢的影响

通过砂培试验研究了0(CK)、24、48、96、192 mg·L-1Mg2+对‘黑美人’西瓜生育期叶片C、N代谢的影响。结果表明,Mg2+影响西瓜的整个生长发育过程,且随着浓度的提高,西瓜叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量和硝酸还原酶活性呈先升高后降低趋势,48 mg·L-1Mg2+处理下各指标达到同期的最大值。该处理下西瓜叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量和硝酸还原酶活性均为:伸蔓期盛花期膨瓜期,表明西瓜生长的适合Mg2+浓度为48mg·L-1。膨瓜期是西瓜缺Mg的敏感期,该期适当增施Mg肥可以减轻缺Mg对西瓜叶片C、N代谢的影响。     

杉木老龄林群落的种-多度关系研究

以杉木老龄林群落为研究对象,结合对数级数和对数正态分布模型,建立3 600 m2的大样地分析杉木老龄林群落的种-多度关系。结果表明:样方的平均物种数和个体数分别为6.86种和35.75株,各样方的物种数及个体数存在极显著正相关关系,说明杉木老龄林群落中生境空间对物种个体的承载能力,还未限制其物种数量。个体数-种序(p>0.05)和频度-种序(p>0.05)的分布曲线均符合对数级数分布;对数正态分布模型则能够较好拟合个体数-种序(p>0.05)的分布曲线,但频度-种序(p<0.05)的分布曲线则不适合用该模型来解释。随着尺度的增加,物种数和个体数的变异系数、二者间的相关性及物种数的方差逐步下降,个体数的方差却呈上升的趋势。     

Effects of bFGF on brain edema,nerve function injury and autophagy related protein in rats with traumatic brain injury

AIM:To study the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on brain edema, nerve function damage and autophagy related proteins in rats with head injury. METHODS:The rat model of craniocerebral injury (CI) was constructed. The rats were divided into control group, CI group, and low-, middle-and high-dose bFGF groups (n=10). The CI model was established in CI group, while the rats in control group were not given epidural impact. The rats in low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose bFGF groups were given bFGF at 2, 4 and 6 μg, respectively, by intraperitoneal injection after 30 min. The neurological function in the rats was evaluated by improved neurological function scoring. The rat brain tissues were taken, and the water content was detected. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β in the brain tissue were measured by ELISA. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was analyzed by thiobarbituric acid method. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was examined by WST-8 assay. The glutathine peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was detected by colorimetric method. The protein levels of autophagy related proteins LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 in the brain tissues were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:The neurological function score was increased significantly of the rats in CI group. The rat model of craniocerebral injury was successfully constructed. Neurological function scores in the rats in low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose bFGF groups were reduced, the water content of the brain tissue was also reduced (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 β were decreased in the brain tissues (P<0.05), the content of MDA was declined (P<0.05), the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased (P<0.05), the protein levels of LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 were decreased, compared with the untreated rats in CI group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:bFGF improves the nerve function of the rats with craniocerebral injury, reduces the water content of the brain tissue, reduces the expression of autophagic protein LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1.The mechanism is related to the inhibition of inflammatory reaction and oxidative damage.