北京山区不同植被恢复类型土壤质量综合评价

[目的] 综合评价北京山区不同植被恢复类型土壤质量,并进一步确定影响土壤质量的关键因素,为该地区植被恢复与重建提供数据支撑。[方法] 以立地条件相近的侧柏纯林、油松纯林、侧柏油松混交林、侧柏针阔混交林、油松针阔混交林、落叶阔叶混交林和无林地(对照)为研究对象,测定14个土壤理化指标作为土壤质量评价的总数据集(TDS),采用主成分分析法(PCA)和Pearson相关性分析建立土壤质量最小数据集(MDS),利用线性(L)和非线性(NL)2种评分方法计算土壤质量指数(SQI)和一般线性模型(GLM)确定影响土壤质量的关键因素。[结果] 植被恢复后相较于无林地,土壤容重、砂粒含量下降,而有机质、全氮、全钾、速效氮、速效钾等土壤养分含量增加。筛选出的研究区土壤质量评价MDS指标为全氮、砂粒、全钾、pH、有效含水量。4种方法(SQI-LT、SQI-NLT、SQI-LM、SQI-NLM)下,不同植被恢复类型的SQI值排序均为落叶阔叶混交林＞侧柏针阔混交林＞油松纯林＞油松针阔混交林＞侧柏油松混交林＞侧柏纯林＞无林地,植被恢复后土壤质量显著提升。SQI-NLM的土壤质量评价方法在北京山区具有更好的适用性。相较于无林地,其他植被恢复类型的SQI-NLM分别提高64%,48%,45%,36%,33%,27%。GLM模型解释了土壤质量指数总变异的85.24%,植被类型对土壤质量指数的解释比例最大(45.09%)。[结论] 选择适宜的植被恢复类型是改善区域土壤质量的关键。未来实施植被恢复时,树种选择上优先考虑阔叶树种。造林配置方式的选择应取决于树种而定,如侧柏纯林中引入本土阔叶树种形成侧柏针阔混交林或选择油松纯林是最佳造林模式。     

温室电动拖拉机旋耕稳定性时序分析与前馈PID控制方法研究

针对温室小型农机对地面平整度敏感,微小的地面起伏便会造成机具俯仰的情况,基于课题组已开发的温室电动拖拉机,将基于时间序列分析的角度预测方法引入前馈PID控制(Angle prediction and feedforward PID,APF-PID),解决了温室旋耕作业中因机具俯仰而出现的响应性差、耕深不稳定和功率突变的问题。建立了温室电动拖拉机旋耕作业的功率模型,并建立了俯仰角-耕深的转换矩阵,得到了旋耕系统实际耕深的转换值;采用时间序列分析预测机身俯仰角,并作为旋耕系统的扰动输入;结合耕深的转换值和预测得到的扰动,采用APF-PID控制器调节旋耕系统的提升机构,将旋耕机维持在目标耕深;在温室内未旋耕和已旋耕的两种地块进行实车试验。结果表明：俯仰角时序预测模型的相关系数可达0.983 2;APF-PID控制的控制性能优于PID控制,在目标耕深6 cm的测试路面中,APF-PID在两种试验地块上的平均耕深分别为6.47 cm和6.44 cm,均方根误差为0.80 cm和0.72 cm,绝对平均误差为0.67 cm和0.58 cm,耕深稳定性系数为89.95%和91.30%,消耗的总能量较...     

乐昌含笑人工林和天然林木材纤维形态特征的比较

对乐昌含笑人工林和天然林木材纤维形态的测定表明：（1）10年生乐昌含笑天然林木材的木纤维长度在1-4年间属短,在5-10年间属中等;木纤维长宽比在1-3年间较小,在4-10年间〉45,较大;（2）10年生乐昌含笑人工林木材的木纤维长度在1-5年间属短,在6-10年间属中等;木纤维长宽比在1-5年间较小,在6-10年间木纤维长宽比〉45。从木纤维的长度和长宽比综合来看,乐昌含笑天然林木材纤维质量略优于人工林。     

Differences in Response of Grain Yield,Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization to Elevated CO2 Concentration in Different Rice Varieties

【Objective】Our aim is to investigate the differences in response of grain yield, nitrogen absorption and utilization to FACE (atmospheric CO2 concentration increase) of different rice varieties. 【Method】Six rice varieties, including conventional japonica rice, hybrid indica rice, and conventional indica rice, were used to study the effects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) (atmospheric CO2 concentration increase) on the nitrogen absorption, utilization, and yield of different types of rice.【Result】 1) FACE treatment dramatically increased rice yield by 24.17% on average and the maximum increment was observed in conventional indica rice. Compared with other types of rice varieties, hybrid indica showed the highest grain yield under both FACE and control (CK) treatments. 2) Panicle number was significantly improved in FACE treatment with conventional japonica rice varieties having the maximum increment. Spikelet number per panicle was significantly improved in hybrid and conventional indica rice varieties in FACE treatment. 3) The nitrogen absorption (NA) and nitrogen use efficiency for grain yield (NUEg) were significantly higher in FACE treatment than those in CK treatment. The average increase of NA was 21.23% with the maximum increment in hybrid indica rice varieties. Compared with other rice varieties, conventional indica rice varieties had the highest NA both in FACE and CK treatments. The average increase of NUEg was 7.33% with hybrid indica rice varieties enjoying the maximum increment. The hybrid indica rice varieties had the highest NUEg in FACE treatment and in CK treatment, respectively. 4) Nitrogen content was decreased in FACE treatment with the average decrease of 0.105%, among which the maximum decrease was observed in conventional japonica rice. Dry matter weight was extremely and significantly increased in FACE treatment. The average increase of dry weight was 23.95% with the maximum increment in conventional indica rice varieties. NA of single panicle was significantly improved in FACE treatment with the average increase of 10.79% in conventional indica rice varieties and 13.93% in hybrid indica rice varieties, but NA of single panicle was decrease by 9.60% in conventional japonica rice. FACE treatment significantly increased rice NA intensity with an average increase of 22.29% and the maximum increment was observed in hybrid indica rice varieties. The growth duration was not influenced by FACE treatment in all rice varieties. NAs of stem, leaf and panicle were significantly higher in FACE treatment than in CK treatment with the highest increase of 51.86% in leaf. The largest increase of NA was observed in hybrid indica rice. NA in different rice growth stages was significantly improved with the maximum increment of 108.90% during heading-maturity. The maximum increment of NA from heading to maturity was observed in hybrid indica rice varieties.5) Effects of dry matter weight, NA per panicle, NA intensity, NA of panicle and NA from heading to maturity on NA at maturity were greater than those of nitrogen content, panicle number, growth duration, NAA of leaf, stem and sheath, NAA during transplanting-tillering and tillering-heading. 6) Partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer (PFPN) was significantly improved in FACE treatment with an average increase of 24.16% and the maximum increment in conventional indica rice. NAA per 100 kg grains was significantly reduced in FACE treatment with an average decrease of 4.7%. The maximum decrease of NAA per 100 kg grains was observed in conventional indica rice varieties.【Conclusion】The results indicated that FACE could markedly increased both grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in all rice varieties, but the increases varied with the variety types.     

柴蕉茎尖培养无菌株系建立与芽苗增殖

以柴蕉吸芽茎尖为外植体,进行无菌株系建立与芽苗增殖研究。试验结果表明,先将柴蕉吸芽接种于液体诱导培养基1/2 MS＋4 mg·L^-1BA＋0.5 mg·L^-1NAA＋30 g·L^-1蔗糖,7 d后转到1/2MS＋4 mg·L^-1BA＋0.5 mg·L^-1NAA＋30 g·L^-1蔗糖＋1 mg·L^-1AC中,可以有效减少外植体的褐变;在MS＋4 mg·L^-1BA＋0.3 mg·L^-1NAA＋30 g·L^-1蔗糖＋6 g·L^-1琼脂＋80 g·L^-1腺嘌呤培养基上采用薄切片进行继代增殖,出芽率高且芽苗粗壮。     

肿节风三清颗粒安全性试验研究

试验旨在考察肿节风三清颗粒的急性毒性、亚慢性毒性和靶动物安全性，为临床安全用药提供理论依据。急性毒性试验中，一次性给小鼠灌胃给药，未测出LD₅₀，故采用24 h内多次给药的方式测定最大耐受量。亚慢性毒性试验中，大鼠以低、中、高（5、10、20 g/kg体重）3个不同剂量灌胃给药，每天1次，连用35 d，并设生理盐水对照组；在给药期间观察大鼠的临床体征和体重变化，35 d称重并测定血常规和血液生化指标，取脏器观察病理组织学变化。靶动物安全性试验，按临床推荐剂量的1、3、5倍剂量饮水投服肿节风三清颗粒，连续5 d，观察试验鸡的临床体征并按期称重，测定血常规和血液生化指标。结果显示，急性毒性试验各剂量组小鼠均无死亡，无法测出LD₅₀，最大耐受量为75 g/kg体重（以颗粒计）。亚慢性毒性试验中，给药组大鼠的临床体征、体重、血常规、血液生化指标与空白对照组大鼠相比均无显著差异（P>0.05），组织病理学观察发现实质器官无异常病变。靶动物安全性试验中，各用药组鸡的增重、饲料转化率、血常规和血液生化指标与空白对照组相比差异均不显著（P>0.05）。结果表明，肿节风三清颗粒无急性毒性和亚慢性毒性作用，靶动物临床用药在5倍推荐剂量内安全。     

不同浓度云大-120和GA3对香椿种子发芽力的影响

研究了不同浓度的云大-120,赤霉素浸种处理对香椿种子发芽力的影响.结果表明:500mg/L云大-120浸种处理对香椿种子发芽起到了显著的促进作用,显著提高了香椿种子的发芽率,极显著提高了香椿种子的发芽势.25～60 mg/L GA3浸种处理对促进香椿种子发芽的作用不显著.     

林麝白介素-2在毕赤酵母中的表达

克隆林麝（Moschus．berezovskii）白介素-2（interleukin．2，IL-2）到酵母表达载体pPIC9K，SalⅠ酶切后转化毕赤酵母GS115，G418抗性筛选高拷贝克隆，再由酵母菌落PCR鉴定；阳性克隆用甲醇诱导表达，SDS-PAGE分析．结果在诱导至第6d的酵母上清浓缩液中，检测到与预测林麝IL-2分子量相接近的，分子量约为18Ku的诱导表达带；TRIzol提取表达期间的酵母总RNA，并通过RT-PCR扩增IL-2 mRNA，发现表达期的重组酵母细胞中存在IL-2 mRNA，而对照没有检出，表明林麝IL-2存在低水平的表达。     

青海草地畜牧业自然灾害及防御

本文收集整理了建国以来影响青海省草地畜牧业的自然灾害及其造成的损失,并总结了青海省近年来针对草地畜牧业自然灾害的防灾减灾措施和成效,在此基础上,分析了存在的问题,提出了今后青海草地畜牧业自然灾害的防御对策,为今后切实搞好防灾减灾和畜牧业生产稳定发展提供参考依据。     

我国部分省区鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒的分子流行病学研究

应用RT-PCR技术,对2000-2006年间收集于广西、江苏、浙江、安徽、海南的临床疑似传染性法氏囊病病鸡的法氏囊、脾脏和骨髓样品进行检测,对检测呈阳性的病料采用9～11日龄的鸡胚通过绒毛尿囊膜或鸡胚成纤维细胞接种的方法进行鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）的分离和传代,结果成功分离到23株IBDV;设计针对IB-DVVP2基因高变区（用vVP2表示）的引物对这些分离株及5株常用的中等毒力商品疫苗株进行RT-PCR扩增并对其进行酶切分析和核苷酸序列测定,分析比较23个分离株与参考毒株的vVP2的序列并绘制遗传系谱树。结果表明BH09、BH11、JS1、JS7、YY1、YY6、YL051、050222、TSC-2（9）、TZ（3）、HN0602共11个分离株属于超强毒株,与已发表的vvIBDV其它中国分离株、日本分离株OKYM、欧洲分离株DV86和UK661的亲源关系均较近;040124、YL052、020180、YLZF2、040131、BH15、YY2、050045、050057、050258、TSC-1（3）、A038共12株属于经典毒株,其中040124、YL052 2株属于中等偏强毒力疫苗株,其余10株则属于弱毒疫苗株。本研究的结果表明,近6年来在我国5个省区养鸡业中流行的IBDV主要为vvIBDV毒株,而且所有分离株VP2基因高变区均缺乏明显的时间和地域的遗传特征。