稻粉虱的发生及其化学防治药剂筛选

稻粉虱Aleurocybotus indicus David et Subramaniam, 属半翅目粉虱科, 以刺吸式口器为害水稻叶片而导致产量损失, 是我国闽?赣?浙等稻区的一种偶发性水稻害虫, 近20多年已鲜有报道, 但2019年-2021年在中国水稻研究所富阳试验农场稻田暴发?本文描述了稻粉虱的为害症状和形态特征, 并配以原色照片; 克隆得到了稻粉虱线粒体DNA COⅠ基因片段, 发现其与烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci序列一致性最高(85.80%); 田间调查表明, 富阳试验农场及周边稻田稻粉虱均有不同程度的发生, 但前者发生量明显较高(每个分蘖最高可达251头), 推测可能与农场温室内的稻粉虱越冬虫源有关; 利用稻苗浸渍法评估了不同作用机制的7种杀虫剂对稻粉虱的毒力, 发现双丙环虫酯?氯虫苯甲酰胺?氟啶虫胺腈?氟啶虫酰胺和溴氰虫酰胺对稻粉虱成虫均有较好的杀虫活性, 其中前4种药剂推荐中剂量处理后72 h的校正死亡率均可达100%, 其LC50分别为3.028?3.769?6.405 mg/L和7.894 mg/L?本研究可为我国稻粉虱的识别诊断和化学防治提供重要依据?     

Case- carburization Numerical Modeling and Craft Optimization on Steel Parts of Various Shapes

According to the diffusion equation of carburizing process and its boundary conditionand initial condition, various shapes steel parts are modeled under various case carburize craft parameters, concentration distribution curves have been obtained. Various craft parameters are compared, and carburizing temperature has more influence on carbon concentration distribution. Various shapes steel parts' carbon concentration distribution curves have some difference. According to the carbon concentration distribution curve, craft parameters can be adjusted in order to obtain the best carburizing craft.     

p300/p53/Smad3 pathway involved in aging-related atrial fibrosis in human atrial fibroblasts

AIM To investigate the role of p300 in aging-related atrial fibrosis in human atrial fibroblasts （HAFs） and its potential mechanism. METHODS HAFs were obtained from human left atrial tissue, and the senescence model was established by cell passage. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase （SA-β-Gal） staining was used to detect the cell senescence, and Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of p300, p53, Smad3 and other senescence and fibrosis associated proteins in HAFs. RESULTS Compared to passage 3 HAFs, the proportion of senescent cells, and the protein levels of p300, p53, p-Smad3 and other senescence and fibrosis associated proteins were increased in HAFs at passage 7 and 11 （P<0.05）. After treated with curcumin （a p300 inhibitor） or transfection with p300 small-hairpin （sh） RNA plasmid, the protein levels of p300, and the senescence and fibrosis associated proteins were decreased in HAFs at passage 7（P<0.05）. Up-regulation of p300 by transfection with p300 over-expression plasmid increased the protein levels of p53, Smad3 and MMP-2 in HAFs at passage 3 （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION p300/p53/Smad3 signaling pathway plays an important role in aging-related atrial fibrosis in HAFs.     

环境伦理学对中国风景园林发展的启示

论述了环境伦理学指导我国园林发展的必要性,以及环境伦理学对我国园林发展的启示,从而对环境伦理学在园林事业发展中的应用进行探讨,提出在城市发展决策和风景园林规划设计,以及在相关法律、法规和行政机构、社会结构中确立环境伦理学价值观的重要意义。     

园林植物新树种-银叶金合欢

银叶金合欢是独具一格、观赏价值极高的植物。该文阐述其形态特征、生态习性、种子特性、播种繁殖技术、生长特性和物候等植物基本特性,并提出养护管理要点,简单评述其观赏特性和园林用途。     

基于无人机遥感影像的玉米冠层温度提取及作物水分胁迫监测

针对当前无人机热红外遥感提取冠层温度不准确、监测作物水分胁迫状况精度不高的问题,该研究以不同水分处理的拔节期夏玉米为研究对象,利用无人机获取试验区域热红外和可见光图像资料,分别采用Otsu算法、EXG-Kmeans算法和Otsu-EXG-Kmeans算法获取冠层区域图像,并对提取结果进行精度评价,而后采用最优算法求得对应作物水分胁迫指数（Crop Water Stress Index,CWSI）,通过分析CWSI同土壤含水率相关关系以及CWSI日平均变化趋势来监测玉米水分亏缺状况。结果表明：1）相比于其他方法,Otsu-EXG-Kmeans算法对冠层温度提取精度更高（用户精度为95.9%）,提取的冠层温度更接近实测温度（r=0.788）,可以准确获取图像冠层温度。2）相比于冠层温度,CWSI与土壤含水率的相关性更高（r= -0.738）,CWSI日平均变化趋势更符合实际情况,可更加精确地监测玉米缺水状况。该研究为无人机遥感精准监测作物水分胁迫状况提供参考。     

基于RapidSCAN CS-45的新疆滴灌冬小麦氮肥推荐研究

为给滴灌小麦氮营养状况实时评估和氮肥合理施用提供参考,通过2年田间定位试验,以当地主栽品种新冬22号为试验材料,设置5个施氮水平(0、120、240、360、480 kg· hm-2),利用主动式光谱仪RapidScan CS-45获取各生育时期冠层归一化植被指数(NDVI)和归一化红边植被指数(NDRE),分析其与滴...     

河南省苹果园鞘翅目天敌昆虫资源发生种类记述——步甲科Carabdae

详细描述了鞘翅目步甲科3属6种,等天敌昆虫的分类地位、形态特征,简述了天敌昆虫的生活习性、发生程度。     

工程堆积体坡面不同植被格局的控蚀效果研究

为探明不同植被格局对工程堆积体陡坡坡面土壤侵蚀的影响,采用10,20,30 L/min 3种放水流量,对黄土区不同格局（裸坡、坡顶、坡中、坡底、条带）下的高陡边坡（32°,20 m×1 m）进行模拟放水试验,选取径流率、产沙率、减流效益、减沙效益等因子对堆积体坡面植被的控蚀效果进行分析。结果表明：3种放水流量下,条带、坡顶、坡中、坡底的平均径流率较裸坡分别减小57.33%,61.17%,41.62%,24.78%,平均产沙率较裸坡分别减小74.99%,61.10%,55.01%,46.43%,且径流率与产沙率的线性关系（R²=0.57~0.80,p<0.01）整体上弱于裸坡（R²=0.71,p<0.01）。不同植被格局中,条带及坡顶格局的减流效益分别是65.97%,60.52%,减沙效益分别为71.44%,57.22%,二者的控蚀效果远高于其他格局。产沙率与径流功率的线性相关性（R²=0.61~0.83,p<0.01）高于径流剪切力（R²=0.29~0.76,p<0.01）,径流功率能更好地反映堆积体坡面土壤侵蚀机制。     

Impacts of wetting-drying cycles on short-term carbon and nitrogen dynamics in Amynthas earthworm casts

Effects of earthworm casts on soil nutrient dynamics and their responses to changing moisture availability in subtropical ecosystems remain poorly understood. This study aimed to examine short-term carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) dynamics and their interactions with wetting-drying cycles in three different structural forms(i.e., granular, globular, and heap-like) of Amynthas earthworm casts. The rates of C and N mineralization in the earthworm casts were examined under two different wetting-drying cycles(i.e., 2-d and 4-d wetting intervals) using a rainfall simulation experiment. After three simulated rainfall events, subsamples of the earthworm casts were further incubated for 4 d for the determination of CO_2 and N_2O fluxes. The results of this study indicated that the impacts of wetting-drying cycles on the short-term C and N dynamics were highly variable among the three cast forms, but wetting-drying cycles significantly reduced the cumulative CO_2 and N_2O fluxes by 62%–83% and 57%–85%, respectively, when compared to the control without being subjected to any rainfall events. The C mineralization rates in different cast forms were affected by the amount of organic substrates and N content in casts, which were associated with the food preference and selection of earthworms. Meanwhile, the cumulative N_2O fluxes did not differ among the three cast forms. Repeated wetting and drying of casts not only enhanced aggregate stability by promoting bonds between the cast particles, but also inhibited microbial survival and growth during the prolonged drying period, which together hindered decomposition and denitrification. Our findings demonstrated that the interactions between the structural forms, aggregate dynamics, and C and N cycling in the earthworm casts were highly complex.