大通牦牛推广十年的回顾与展望

从2003年以来青海省大通种牛场开始了较大面积的推广工作,到今年己有10年的推广历史了。对一个新品种大面积推广10年是一个极为重要的时间节点。2005年农业部批准"大通牦牛"为新品种并决定颁发新品种证书。截止2013年前己向青海省6州1地1市39个县累计推广大通牦牛种公牛14 640余头,据2013年不完全统计,大通牦牛后裔在省内推广区达91万头以上。今后必需加快品系繁育提高大通牦牛整体水平;加强核心育种群管理确保种牛质量;加强种公牛的动态溯源管理;组识种牛场技术人员深入推广区,传授良种良养的配套技术和野外冷配技术。     

Immune challenge of mating effort: steroid hormone profile,dark ventral patch and parasite burden in relation to intrasexual competition in male Iberian red deer

Testosterone secretion may regulate the reproductive effort and the development of sexual traits, but it may also involve costs at the immunological and metabolic levels. However, the evidence for this trade‐off in wild populations is scarce. Cortisol also plays an important role in mediating the reproductive and immune functions. In this study, we analyzed whether the endoparasite burden relates to hormonal levels (fecal testosterone and cortisol metabolites) and/or morphological sexual traits (size of the dark ventral patch, a trait that indicates reproductive effort in males) in male Iberian red deer. For this purpose, we sampled male red deer harvested during hunting actions in 2 types of populations in south western Spain that differed in structure, affecting the level of male–male competition for mates. We used coprological analyses to estimate the parasite burden mainly of gastrointestinal and bronchopulmonary nematodes and of protozoa, and assessed testosterone and cortisol metabolite levels from fecal pellets. We found a positive relationship of host parasitation with both testosterone levels and the size of the dark ventral patch, but these relationships depended on the intensity of male–male competition in the population, being only found under the high‐competition scenario. These results are discussed under the hypothesis of the testosterone immunocompetence handicap, suggesting a cost at the immunological level, and, therefore, higher susceptibility to parasite infection in males that make a greater reproductive effort. However, this effect seems to be modulated by the social environment (male–male competition) that might lead to different optima in testosterone production and sexual trait development.     

NEAR's flyby of 253 mathilde: images of a C asteroid

On 27 June 1997, the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft flew within 1212 kilometers of asteroid 253 Mathilde. Mathilde is an irregular, heavily cratered body measuring 66 kilometers by 48 kilometers by 46 kilometers. The asteroid's surface is dark (estimated albedo between 0.035 and 0.050) and similar in color to some CM carbonaceous chondrites. No albedo or color variations were detected. The volume derived from the images and the mass from Doppler tracking of the spacecraft yield a mean density of 1.3 +/- 0.2 grams per cubic centimeter, about half that of CM chondrites, indicating a porous interior structure.     

野生龙葵果中营养成分的研究

本研究对野生龙葵果营养成分进行了比较全面地分析测试，对矿物质及维生素含量进行分析的基础上，对野生龙葵果的其它营养成分进行了分析，并与一些常用果蔬进行了对比研究。结果表明，野生龙葵果含有丰富的营养成分。     

云南农业大学信息服务与用户调查研究分析

 通过对云南农业大学的教师、研究生和本科生的信息需求调查,了解到各类用户利用文献信息的状况和对文献信息的需求,为图书馆开展信息服务提供了依据。     

烤烟新品种南江3号在贵州烟区的生态适应性研究

以K326为对照,研究了烤烟新品种南江3号在贵州五大具有生态代表性烟区的农艺性状、生育期性状、抗病特征、经济性状、外观质量及吸食品质等指标。结果表明:与K326相比,南江3号在贵州烟区长势强、生育期长、抗病力强、产量和产值高、烟叶外观质量好,吸食品质与K326相当,在贵州烟区具有很好的生态适应性。     

Bird habitat preferences drive hemoparasite infection in the Neotropical region

The role that the environment plays in vector-borne parasite infection is one of the central factors for understanding disease dynamics. We assessed how Neotropical bird foraging strata and habitat preferences determine infection by parasites of the genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, Leucocytozoon, and Trypanosoma and filarioids, and tested for phylogenetic signal in these host–parasite associations. We performed extensive searches of the scientific literature and created a database of hemoparasite surveys. We collected data on host body mass, foraging strata, habitat preference, and migratory status, and tested if host ecological traits predict each hemoparasite occurrence and prevalence using a phylogenetic Bayesian framework. Species of Plasmodium tend to infect birds from tropical forests while birds from altitudinal environments are likely to be infected by species of Leucocytozoon. The probability of a bird being infected by filarioid or Trypanosoma is higher in lowland forests. Bird species that occur in anthropic environments and dry habitats of tropical latitudes are more susceptible to infection by species of Haemoproteus. Host foraging strata is also influential and bird species that forage in the mid-high and canopy strata are more prone to infection by species of Haemoproteus and filarioids. We also identified phylogenetic signal for host–parasite associations with the probability of infection of Neotropical birds by any hemoparasite being more similar among more closely related species. We provided a useful framework to identify environments that correlate with hemoparasite infection, which is also helpful for detecting areas with potential suitability for hemoparasite infection due to land conversion and climate change.     

低磷胁迫对小麦镉吸收的影响

为探究低磷胁迫下小麦根系生理和形态的变化及其对镉的吸收能力的影响,以Ca₃（PO₄）₂作为磷源,通过砂培试验研究了在低磷胁迫下小麦根系形态和分泌物变化特征,以及这些变化对难溶态镉（CdCO₃）的活化与吸收的影响。结果表明,在低磷处理中,小麦地下部生物量显著低于对照,降幅为27.3%（P<0.05）,根长度、根表面积和根体积均显著变小（P<0.05）。此外,低磷胁迫下小麦地上部和地下部磷含量均显著降低,降幅分别为35.4%和23.1%（P<0.05）,但是显著促进了难溶态磷的溶解（P<0.05）。同时还发现低磷胁迫显著提高了小麦植株Cd含量和Cd的总活化量,增幅分别为190.8%和82.8%（P<0.05）。低磷胁迫下培养基pH降低了0.3,同时根中草酸根和苹果酸根含量显著升高,增幅分别为1 588.1%和37.7%（P<0.05）,由此可见,低磷胁迫下小麦通过分泌质子和羧酸根促进了磷的活化,并促进了Cd的活化,进而导致小麦Cd吸收的增加。这些结果阐明了低磷胁迫影响小麦Cd吸收的机制。     

Field comparison of the interferon-gamma assay and the intradermal tuberculin test for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis

An extensive field comparison of the gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) assay and the single intradermal tuberculin test for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis was conducted in Australia. The specificity of the IFN-gamma assay was determined by testing more than 6000 cattle from tuberculosis-free herds and varied from 96.2% to 98.1%, depending on the cut-off point chosen to define a positive reactor. For the sensitivity trial, cattle from herds being de-populated because of bovine tuberculosis were examined with both assays. The sensitivity of the IFN-gamma assay was shown to be significantly higher than the single intradermal tuberculin test and varied from 76.8% to 93.6% depending on the method of interpretation. A maximum overall sensitivity of 95.2% was obtained by testing with the IFN-gamma and the tuberculin test in parallel. The superior sensitivity of the IFN-gamma assay and the ability to adjust the sensitivity of the system depending on the task involved, will provide the Australian Tuberculosis Eradication Campaign with a valuable additional test to enable it to accomplish its goals.