云南景东县豆科固氮树种及根瘤菌资源调查

对云南景东县豆科固氮树种进行调查采集与鉴定,确认并记录70种与相应的根瘤菌(菌株)共生的豆科固氮树种.其中,云实亚科1属1种,含羞草亚科6属20种,蝶形花亚科23属49种.根瘤大小不一,形状各异,有球形、椭圆形、棒状、珊瑚状;表面颜色有浅黄色、棕黑色、棕色或黑色.对以活体保存的材料进行根瘤菌的分离、鉴定,获得并保存了分别与其中38种豆科树种相共生的根瘤菌菌株147株.调查表明,在景东县及云南南亚热带区域和热带区域,不仅拥有可供在多方面开发利用的豆科固氮树种,且具有丰富的可供科研和开发利用的根瘤菌资源.     

半夏SSR分子标记开发与遗传多样性

对半夏转录组数据进行分析,设计开发SSR引物,利用筛选出的SSR引物分析不同居群间半夏的遗传多样性,为半夏分子标记辅助育种提供支撑。结果显示:筛选出的19对多态性较高的引物在17个半夏居群中共检测到49个多态性位点,具有较高的多态性;利用UPGMA作图共将17个半夏居群分为3个类群;通过分子方差分析(AMOVA)发现半夏居群内的变异达到88%,说明群体与群体间的差异相对较小,遗传变异主要来源于个体间;居群间平均分化系数Fst为0.124,居群间基因流Nm值为1.765,表明居群间能正常地进行基因交流,且居群间遗传分化受基因流的影响较大。本研究利用SSR技术开发的19对SSR引物在不同半夏居群间具有一定的通用性、多态性,能将17份半夏材料明确区分。     

不同处理方法对美国截叶胡枝子种子发芽的影响

美国截叶胡枝子的硬实率很高,发芽率只有17.3%。经过种子预处理,如采用不同温度下浸种、98%浓硫酸浸泡、机械破皮和机械破皮结合热水浸种等处理,结果表明,机械破皮后用60℃热水浸种处理的效果最好,发芽势和发芽率分别达到64.0%和74.3%;其次是机械破皮,平均发芽率达到50%;浓硫酸浸种可以显著提高种子发芽势,浓硫酸浸种5min效果最好,发芽率达到44.7%;热水浸种的处理效果不佳,最好的90℃热水浸种处理发芽率也仅有26.7%。     

Geographical cline of DNA variation within the F intersterility group of Heterobasidion annosum in Italy

Eighty-six Heterobasidion annosum isolates, mainly belonging to the F intersterility group and obtained from 32 different geographical localities in Italy, were subjected to genetic analysis by the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The similarity between F and S groups was higher than that between F and P. In UPGMA Cluster Analysis, the F isolates originating from the same locality usually grouped in the same cluster. The isolates also showed a tendency to group at the level of larger geographical areas. Within the F group, isolates from the south of the Italian peninsula showed the highest genetic variation and northern isolates from the Alpine regions showed the lowest. This indicates a gradual cline along the peninsula. The genetic variability in the Italian F group is discussed in relation to the past and present distribution of the host species in Italy and Europe.     

有机氮部分替代无机氮对香料烟产量、产值及品质的影响

为了提高香料烟的产量、产值和品质,采用田间小区试验研究了有机氮部分替代无机氮(取代比例分别为0、25%、50%)对香料烟产值及品质的影响。结果表明,有机氮取代部分无机氮对烤烟的产量、产值、上等烟比例和化学成分协调程度及矿质营养元素含量有很大的影响。其中,产量、产值和上等烟比例以有机氮取代50%无机氮处理最高,分别达到2 212.00kg/hm2、53 362.00元/hm2和70.22%。有机氮部分取代无机氮对香料烟叶片中化学成分、矿质元素的影响比较复杂,不同部位叶片以及不同化学成分的响应不同,但总体表现为有机氮取代无机氮改善了烤烟化学成分的协调程度,促进了有益矿质元素的积累。总之,对浙江省绍兴香料烟烟区来说,在施氮水平为105kg/hm2情况下,有机氮取代50%的无机氮时香料烟的经济产量、产值和烟叶品质较好。     

户用分布式光伏对农户收入的影响——以中部地区Y县为例

户用分布式光伏对农户收入影响具有长期性,如何发挥分布式光伏在乡村振兴战略中的作用需进一步探索。本文以户用分布式光伏为例,利用中部地区Y县2014—2019年农户追踪数据,运用双重差分法,分析户用分布式光伏对农户收入的影响,探讨户用分布式光伏对农户收入影响的作用机制。结果表明,2014—2019年农户收入大幅度提升,其中建光伏农户的人均收入增长幅度大于未建光伏农户,户用分布式光伏使农户人均收入提高25.4%,其中经营性收入、财产性收入分别提高74.4%和444.5%,而工资性收入降低45.3%。户用分布式光伏是通过减少非农劳动时间和缩短非农就业空间距离降低农户工资性收入,增加经营性收入,从而影响人均收入。进一步分析发现,户用分布式光伏对非中心村农户的工资性收入和经营性收入影响大于中心村农户,劳动力能力越强的农户经营性收入上升幅度越大,工资性收入下降幅度越小。因此,建议统一维护光伏设施,促进劳动力要素有效配置;并依据劳动能力差异分层分配股份,降低劳动能力强的农户对政府补贴的依赖;另外,创新光伏产业发展模式,拓宽光伏产业增收渠道。     

娟姗牛与西杂牛杂交后代生长发育观测

[目的]旨在繁育适于牦牛杂交改良的乳肉兼用父本.[方法]在海拔相对较低的半农半牧区,用娟姗牛与西杂牛杂交,观察杂交后代的生长发育和配种情况.[结果]娟姗牛与西杂牛的杂交后代在甘南州高海拔地区具有较好的适应性,表现出明显的杂交优势,能与甘南牦牛自然交配.     

青海不同产区大黄的X-射线衍射图谱研究（摘要）

[目的]为区分不同产地大黄药材的质量及鉴别提供依据。[方法]将供试材料青海玉树掌叶大黄（样品1）、青海海南唐古特大黄（样品2）与青海果洛唐古特大黄（样品3）分别粉碎成粉末,过100目筛,即可供X射线衍射试验用。设定管压30 kV,管流20 mA,2θ扫描范围3°～90°,扫描速度0.06°/s,每种样时间0.5 s,获得3种不同产区大黄的X-射线衍射图谱。试验数据以晶面间距d与特征峰相对强度L/Io表示,记为d/（I/Io）。将试验数据导入中药指纹图谱相似度计算软件,经选峰,设定匹配模板,将谱峰自动匹配,然后设定标准模板,进行谱峰差异性评价和整体相似性评价。[结果]样品1中所含的化学成分与样品2相同,但峰的强度（I/Io）不同,表明相同成分在两种样品中的含量不相等。同样把样品3的图谱与其他两个样品进行比较,也会得到相同的衍射峰值。表明不同产区的大黄中各化学成分的含量有差异,但其衍射图谱及衍射峰值具有一定的指纹特征。[结论]X-射线衍射法是鉴别不同产区的大黄及其他中药材的一种快捷有效的方法。     

Long-term nutritional effects on the primary liver and kidney metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). II. Adaptive response of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity to high-carbohydrate/low-protein and high-fat/non-carbohydrate diets

The influence of long-term administration of high-carbohydrate/low-protein and high-fat/non-carbohydrate diets were studied in relation to kinetic behaviour of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in liver and kidney of rainbow trout. In all cases studied, the saturation curves of these enzyme showed typical hyperbolic kinetics without evidence of sigmoidicity. After 30 days of feeding with a high-fat diet (170 g kg^?1), there was a significant decrease in V_max and specific activity (45%) as well as catalytic efficiency (39%) without changes in K_m or activity ratio of hepatic glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. These changes agree more with a clearly decreased cell concentration than with an inhibition of the pre-existing enzyme. The administration of a high-carbohydrate diet (60 g kg^?1), contrary to what was previously thought, decreased V_max by 21% and specific activity and catalytic efficiency by 30%, without significant changes in the other kinetic parameters of the hepatic enzyme. The kinetic behaviour under these nutritional conditons was due to the rejection of this diet by the fish and thus could be considered a low-feeding situation. On the other hand, no variations in the kinetics of renal glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were found, clearly demonstrating that in this organ, the pentosephosphate pathway showed no adaptive response related to fattyacid and other lipid synthesis. The activity of the renal enzyme was consistently half that of the hepatic enzyme.