三相异步电动机的软起动器的设计

三相异步电动机直接起动会对电网造成很大的冲击,而且大电流还会造成较大的线路压降,从而影响接在同一电网上的其它电气设备正常工作,所以本文针对大型异步电动机的软启动器进行了设计.本软起动装置将三相同步信号采集装置、电压和电流检测装置、晶闸管相位控制器、电动机的保护装置及光纤隔离装置集于一身,使大型异步电动机起动时间控制在了1min左右,缩短了对电网影响的时间,并减小了对电网的冲击;并且本软启动装置可以根据实际起动要求改变启动装置的参数,使启动状态达到最优.     

鸭坦布苏病毒和产蛋下降综合征病毒二重PCR检测方法的建立

参考Gen Bank上已发表的鸭坦布苏病毒(DTMUV)NS5基因序列和产蛋下降综合征病毒(EDSV)五邻体(penton)基因序列,分别设计了检测DTMUV和EDSV的特异性引物,扩增目的片段大小分别为242 bp和181 bp。通过退火温度及引物浓度的优化,建立了针对这两种病毒的二重PCR检测方法。特异性试验结果表明,该方法可以同时检测DTMUV和EDSV,且不与鸭肝炎病毒、鸭瘟病毒、番鸭呼肠孤病毒、小鹅瘟病毒、番鸭细小病毒、H9亚型禽流感病毒、新城疫病毒以及大肠杆菌的核酸发生交叉反应;敏感性试验表明,该方法对DTMUV的最低检出限为590个拷贝,对EDSV的最低检出限为3 260个拷贝;该方法重复性良好,对不同批次的样品扩增效果良好。通过检测两种病毒感染的阳性病料各10份,结果显示,该二重PCR检测方法对阳性样品的检出率可达100%。这表明该方法可以用于鸭坦布苏病毒和产蛋下降综合征病毒的检测。     

植物文化性及其在园林景观中表达的研究

随着人类文明的不断进步,人类社会的不断发展,文化的地位越发显得举足轻重。形成了许多独特的文化体系。如茶文化、企业文化等等名词渐渐为人们所熟悉。于是,越来越多的人在越来越多的领域开始关注文化,研究文化。文化也变得流行起来,并且渗透到了园林景观的领域。植物是园林景观的重要组成部分,植物配置的水平在一定程度上决定了园林景观设计的优劣程度。在景观建设不断发展的今天,植物的文化性作为考察植物配置水平的重要因素,越来越引起景观工作者的重视。在不同的园林景观环境中,合理的利用植物文化性能够体现整体环境的文化氛围。让人们在自然环境中品味文化,达到提升审美情趣,感悟世界观、人生观和了解人文历史的目的。目前,对于植物文化性的概念还没有统一的定义。本篇论文目的在于对植物文化性的概念进行定义,并且在此基础上,创新性的提出植物文化性的分类和评价依据。最后,引入在不同地域环境中,植物文化性的实例分析,对植物文化性展开讨论。旨在使读者系统的了解植物的文化性,弘扬民族文化,使园林工作者在植物配植造景中更好的运用植物的文化性。     

用酶法制备藏羊血食用蛋白粉的研究

采用四因素三水平正交试验,对藏羊血制备食用蛋白的工艺进行了分析。经分析食用蛋白粉水解最佳条件为：酶解用酶量4.5g,酶解温度为46℃,酶解时间为7.5h,酶解的pH值为10.5,活性炭作用于水解液时由室温升至80℃所需最佳时间为6～8min。     

Soil organic and inorganic carbon sequestration by consecutive biochar application: Results from a decade field experiment

Biochar addition can expand soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and has potential ability in mitigating climate change. Also, some incubation experiments have shown that biochar can increase soil inorganic carbon (SIC) contents. However, there is no direct evidence for this from the field experiment. In order to make up the sparseness of available data resulting from the long‐term effect of biochar amendment on soil carbon fractions, here we detected the contents and stocks of the bulk SIC and SOC fractions based on a 10‐year field experiment of consecutive biochar application in Shandong Province, China. There are three biochar treatments as no‐biochar (control), and biochar application at 4.5 Mg ha^?1 year^?1 (B4.5) and 9.0 Mg ha^?1 year^?1 (B9.0), respectively. The results showed that biochar application significantly enhanced SIC content (3.2%–24.3%), >53 μm particulate organic carbon content (POC, 38.2%–166.2%) and total soil organic carbon content (15.8%–82.2%), compared with the no‐biochar control. However, <53 μm silt–clay‐associated organic carbon (SCOC) content was significantly decreased (14%–27%) under the B9.0 treatment. Our study provides the direct field evidence that SIC contributed to carbon sequestration after the biochar application, and indicates that the applied biochar was allocated mainly in POC fraction. Further, the decreased SCOC and increased microbial biomass carbon contents observed in field suggest that the biochar application might exert a positive priming effect on native soil organic carbon.     

Effect of ammonia and nitrite on vigour,survival rate,moulting rate of the blue swimming crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Portunus pelagicus</Emphasis> zoea

The effects of ammonia and nitrite on vigour, survival rate, moulting rate of zoea of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, were studied. A total of five nitrite-N treatments (26.67, 53.34, 106.68, 213.36, 426.72 mg/l) and a control (no nitrite-N added) were set up for the acute nitrite-N toxicity experiment; a total of five ammonia-N treatments (8.43, 16.86, 33.72, 67.44, 134.88 mg/l) and a control (no ammonia-N added) were set up for the acute ammonia-N toxicity experiment. The results showed that the vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 53.34 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of nitrite-N were 179.47, 76.56, 66.70, 37.49, 25.01, 25.35, 25.34 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 16.86 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of ammonia-N were 51.04, 39.62, 38.72, 24.43, 16.90, 13.42, 11.16 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The zoeae are highly sensitive to ammonia and nitrite, and the toxicity of ammonia and nitrite on Portunus pelagicus decrease with development of this crab.     

河北省奶牛主要饲料资源利用情况调查与分析

河北省是我国畜牧业大省,饲料转化率低是造成养殖成本高、效益低的主要原因。2015年3~5月对河北省地区规模化奶牛场主要饲料资源的利用情况开展了调查,结果显示,河北省奶牛饲料资源种类较单一,且粗饲料主要依赖于进口或远途运输。对27份饲料样品的营养成分进行测定后发现,花生秧粗蛋白含量为7.76%、粗脂肪含量为1.75%,且含有大量矿物质,与羊草的营养成分相似;甘薯秧粗蛋白含量为13.23%、粗脂肪含量为2.99%,均优于羊草,与燕麦的营养价值相当;全株谷子的综合营养价值优于羊草。研究结果可为优化河北畜奶牛日粮配方、改善饲料利用率、提高奶牛的养殖效益提供技术支持。     

Ultrastructure of stridulating organ of Xylotrechus rusticus L. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) and behavioral responses to alarm sounds

We used scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the ultrastructure of stridulating organs in Xylotrechus rusticus L. We compared the morphological structure and size of stridulating organs, the numbers of a tooth-like part used in stridulation and its presence in females and males of this beetle. The alarm sound of X. rusticus was recorded first when it was stimulated, then we tested behavioral responses to this alarm sound. The alarm sound of X. rusticus has a warning effect on conspecifics.     

甘肃省天祝县草原补奖政策实施效果

草原作为重要的生态资产与生产资源,在我国生态文明建设和社会经济发展中具有重要的战略地位。党的十八大以来,我国将生态文明建设纳入“五位一体”总体布局之中,在草原牧区实施草原生态补奖政策,对草地生态保护、修复和助力牧区精准脱贫具有重要意义。本研究以甘肃省天祝藏族自治县为例,通过历年统计数据和查阅年鉴等方式获得相关资料,对两轮补奖政策实施效果进行梳理,从补奖政策资金、草地生产力及载畜量、生态效益、经济效益和社会效益等方面分析了政策实施前后变化情况。结果表明：1)两轮补奖政策实施后,天祝县草原生态环境逐步恢复,草地生产力达到2 162.28 kg·hm–2,相比补奖政策实施前提高了45.4%;2)畜牧业生产方式不断转变,理论载畜量增长了42.98万个羊单位,相比补奖政策实施前提高了54.3%;3)农牧民人均收入从补奖政策实施前的4 012元增加到8 265元。遵从“绿水青山就是金山银山”的生态发展理念,为进一步加强草地生态恢复,建议：1)在平衡禁牧下农户收入水平和生态补偿资金投入的基础上确定草原补奖补偿标准;2)加快培育现代农业产业,加大产业扶持力度,积极发展特色农牧业;3)建立健全放牧禁牧制度,科学制定草原合理利用计划。