Effects of myo‐inositol on proliferation,differentiation, oxidative status and antioxidant capacity of carp enterocytes in primary culture

This study investigated the effects of myo‐inositol (MI) on the growth and antioxidant capacity of carp enterocytes. The enterocytes were incubated in media containing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 mg MI L^?1 for 96 h. The results indicated that MI could increase cell viability. In addition, the activities of cellular alkaline phosphatase (AKP), gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (γ‐GT), Na⁺, K⁺‐adenosine trisphosphatase (Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase) and creatinkinase (CK) increased with MI supplementation at levels ranging from 15 to 60 mg MI L^?1 medium, indicating an improvement in cell differentiation and function. Further, enzymatic antioxidant ability, as measured by total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD), Cu/Zn‐SOD, Mn‐SOD, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) activities, improved with MI supplementation. Finally, cell damage, as indicated by lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the medium and cellular protein carbonyls (PC), was all depressed by MI. Correlation analyses showed that cell viability (MTT) was positively related to the antioxidant enzyme activities, but negatively related to cell damage (LDH, MDA and PC). In summary, the data showed that MI could improve the growth of fish enterocytes. This result may be partly due to the enhanced antioxidant status and depressed oxidative damage.     

Effects of high temperature after anthesis on starch granules in grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The effect of high temperatures (above 25°C) on starch concentration and the morphology of starch granules in the grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied. Wheat plants of cultivars Yangmai 9 (weak-gluten) and Yangmai 12 (medium-gluten) were treated with high temperatures for 3 days at different times after anthesis. The results showed that the starch concentration of grains given a heat-shock treatment above 30°C were lower than those developing at normal temperature in both cultivars. High temperature lowered starch concentration due to the decrease of amylopectin. Under the same temperature, the effect of heat shock from 6 to 8 days after anthesis (DAA) was the greatest, whereas from 36 to 38 DAA the effect was the least. The effects of high temperatures after anthesis on starch-pasting properties were similar to those on starch concentration, especially after 35-40°C treatments. The size, shape and structure of starch granules in wheat grains (determined by electron microscopy) after heat shock were visibly different from the control. When given heat shock during development, the starch granules in mature wheat grains were ellipsoid in shape and bound loosely with a protein sheath in Yangmai 9, while they were damaged and compressed with fissures in Yangmai 12, indicating the differences in resistance to high temperature between cultivars. Ratios of large (type-A) and small (type-B) starch granules significantly decreased under heat shock, which limited the potential sink size for dry matter deposition in the grain.     

郴州烟区害虫天敌资源的初步调查

通过2005、2006年对郴州烟区烟草害虫天敌资源的初步调查,共采获烟草害虫天敌约70种,其中已鉴定到种的有46种,包括寄生性天敌7种,捕食性天敌39种;在害虫发生盛期,烟蚜茧蜂的田间最高寄生率达40.3%,棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂寄生于烟青虫、棉铃虫的田间最高寄生率达75.0%,2006年黄花烟93-1上的烟青虫、棉铃虫被此蜂寄生的高达90.5%。     

Effect of dietary lysine on growth,intestinal enzymes activities and antioxidant status of sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

The dietary lysine requirement of sub-adult grass carp (460 ± 1.5 g) was assessed by feeding diets supplemented with grade levels of lysine (6.6, 8.5, 10.8, 12.9, 15.0 and 16.7 g kg^?1 diet) for 56 days. The test diets (28 % CP) contained fish meal, casein and gelatin as sources of intact protein, supplemented with crystalline amino acids. Weight gain (WG), feed intake and feed efficiency were significantly improved with increasing levels of lysine up to 12.9 g kg^?1 diet and thereafter declined (P < 0.05). Quadratic regression analysis of WG at 95 % maximum response indicated lysine requirement was 10.9 g kg^?1 diet. Activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase in intestine, creatine kinase activity in proximal and mid-intestine responded similar to WG (P < 0.05). In addition, lipid and protein oxidation decreased with increasing levels of lysine up to certain values and increased thereafter (P < 0.05); the anti-hydroxyl radical capacity, dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities and glutathione content were increased with increasing dietary lysine levels up to certain values in the detected tissues, except for hepatopancreatic GST. Requirement estimated on the basis of malondialdehyde content in intestine and hepatopancreas was 10.6 and 9.53 g lysine kg^?1 diet, respectively.     

黄芪多糖对鸡抗病能力的影响

黄芪多糖是一种从豆科类植物黄芪或膜荚黄芪的根茎中提取而来的水溶性多糖成分,具有祛湿、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗辐射、增强免疫力等多种生物学作用,也可以作为免疫增强剂和免疫佐剂,在增强鸡的免疫力方面发挥了重要作用。本文综述了黄芪多糖对鸡抗病能力的影响及其作用效果的影响因素和今后的发展方向,为黄芪多糖在鸡生产中的应用研究提供参考。     

基因工程重组抗体技术的研究进展

经历了多克隆抗体技术、杂交瘤单克隆抗体技术后、基因工程抗体技术发展十分迅速,应用也越来越广泛。本文介绍基因工程重组抗体技术的研究进展。     

Optimal dietary alpha‐linolenic acid/linoleic acid ratio improved digestive and absorptive capacities and target of rapamycin gene expression of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Growth performance, digestive and absorptive capacities and target of rapamycin (TOR), ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and eIF4E‐binding protein (4E‐BP) gene expression in the hepatopancreas and intestine of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fed graded ratios of dietary alpha‐linolenic acid/linoleic acid (ALA/LNA) (0.01, 0.34, 0.68, 1.03, 1.41, 1.76 and 2.15) for 60 days were investigated. The results showed that ALA/LNA ratio of 1.03 significantly improved (i) per cent weight gain (PWG) and feed efficiency, (ii) hepatopancreatic trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, amylase and intestinal creatine kinase (CK) activities, (iii) hepatopancreatic trypsinogen‐2 and chymotrypsinogen mRNA levels. Meanwhile, fish fed with ALA/LNA ratio of 0.68 significantly enhanced, (iv) Na⁺/K⁺‐ATPase and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase activities in whole intestine, and alkaline phosphatase activities in the proximal intestine (PI) and distal intestine, (v) amylase, intestinal Na⁺/K⁺‐ATPase alpha‐subunit isoform 1, Na⁺/K⁺‐ATPase alpha‐subunit isoform 8 and CK mRNA abundances, (vi) TOR and S6K1 gene expression in the hepatopancreas and intestine of juvenile grass carp. Based on the quadratic regression analysis of PWG, cholecystokinin and leptin contents in the PI, optimal dietary ALA/LNA ratio of juvenile grass carp (8.78–72.00 g) was estimated to be 1.08, 1.19 and 1.05, respectively.     

用于农产品保鲜的有机物水溶液相变蓄冷剂

研制了一种有较高相变潜热、低Onset温度,适用于农产品贮运保鲜的高效安全有机物水溶液相变蓄冷剂。从初选的甘氨酸、赖氨酸、山梨醇、脯氨酸、葡萄糖等5种有机物中,利用DSC法筛选了相变潜热较高的甘氨酸水溶液为主储能剂,再与0.1 mol/L的丙三醇进行复配获得更低的Onset温度。以质量分数为0.1%的苯甲酸钠作为防腐剂延长蓄冷剂的使用期限,并用高吸水性树脂作为基质,得到蓄冷剂的最终配方为:甘氨酸0.4~0.8 mol/L,丙三醇0.1 mol/L,苯甲酸钠质量分数为0.1%,其余为水,并添加质量分数为0.75%~0.81%的SAP作为基质。通过调节甘氨酸浓度,可获得相变潜热为296.4~305.9 J/g,Onset温度为-7.3~-5℃的系列有机物水溶液相变蓄冷剂,并且无明显过冷度和相分离现象,安全性好,具有应用前景。     

Identifying quantitative trait loci for the general combining ability of yield-relevant traits in maize

Maize is the most important staple crop worldwide. Many of its agronomic traits present with a high level of heterosis. Combining ability was proposed to exploit the rule of heterosis, and general combining ability (GCA) is a crucial measure of parental performance. In this study, a recombinant inbred line population was used to construct testcross populations by crossing with four testers based on North Carolina design II. Six yield-relevant traits were investigated as phenotypic data. GCA effects were estimated for three scenarios based on the heterotic group and the number of tester lines. These estimates were then used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) and dissect genetic basis of GCA. A higher heritability of GCA was obtained for each trait. Thus, testing in early generation of breeding may effectively select candidate lines with relatively superior GCA performance. The GCA QTL detected in each scenario was slightly different according to the linkage mapping. Most of the GCA-relevant loci were simultaneously detected in all three datasets. Therefore, the genetic basis of GCA was nearly constant although discrepant inbred lines were appointed as testers. In addition, favorable alleles corresponding to GCA could be pyramided via marker-assisted selection and made available for maize hybrid breeding.