Potent cellulase activity in the hepatopancreas of mangrove crabs

Mangrove crabs play a crucial role in the carbon cycle in forests by consuming large amounts of mangrove litter, which is mainly composed of cellulose. However, the detailed mechanism of cellulose digestion remains to be elucidated. We tested endogenous hepatopancreatic cellulase activity in eight species of crabs, including three mangrove sesarmid crabs (Episesarma versicolor, Perisesarma indiarum, and Episesarma palawanense) native to Thailand. Endo-??-1,4-glucanase activity was significantly higher in the enzyme extract from mangrove crabs than in that from Japanese marsh crabs. A ??-glucosidase assay revealed particularly high endo-??-1,4-glucanase activity for E. versicolor, whereas little activity was observed for the Japanese marsh crabs. In a zymogram analysis for endo-??-1,4-glucanase activity, endo-??-1,4-glucanase had a similar molecular mass (30.7?C33.1?kDa) among the mangrove crabs, whereas various sizes (44.3?C84.8?kDa) were found in Japanese crabs depending on the species. These results suggest that mangrove crabs efficiently digest cellulose endogenously.     

高塬沟壑区水畜沼果生态经济技术试验研究

通过试验监测方法,在甘肃省庆阳市西峰区崔沟“水畜沼果”示范村的生态经济户中,确定家庭经济收入很好、好、一般、差、很差各1户,共5户,以户为单元,系统监测各户的需水量、用水来源、耗水量、水去向和经济效益等方面的指标。自来水用量、集蓄水量占总用水量723%和277%;自来水主要用于果园灌溉、畜用、人用和菜园灌溉,依次为863%、67%、47%和23%;集蓄水主要用于畜用、果园和菜园灌溉,依次为752%、169%和79%。沼气年平均使用率为491%。研究提出“水畜沼果”生态经济示范标准户,对实现模块化、集成化和快速、大规模推广具有重要的作用。      

鲁北冬枣的栽培与管理

针对天津地区冬枣产量偏低问题,结合多年生产实践,本文从冬枣品种的选择、土壤要求、苗木要求、栽培技术、整型修剪、肥水管理、花果管理和病虫害防治等方面,全面地介绍了冬枣丰产的栽培与管理技术。     

Biological control of Fusarium wilt by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</Emphasis> IUMC7 isolated from mushroom compost

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IUMC7 isolated from mushroom compost inhibited growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) on culture plates, and a culture supernatant of IUMC7 inhibited in vitro germ tube elongation of FOL. When compared with control soils, mushroom compost inoculated with IUMC7 significantly reduced disease severity caused by FOL in tomato plants. PCR tests for expression of PR genes indicated that IUMC7 did not induce resistance in tomato plants. These results suggested that the suppression of disease was mainly caused by antimicrobial compounds produced by IUMC7.     

车辆电动静液压半主动悬架设计与馈能研究

为了实现车辆悬架的减振控制及振动能量回收,提出并设计了一种基于电动静液压作动器(EHA)的车辆半主动馈能悬架结构。建立了2自由度半主动悬架力学模型以及EHA作动器的数学模型;设计了EHA作动器,进行了电机特性试验和EHA作动器的馈能试验;设计了EHA半主动悬架最优控制和能量管理控制策略,利用AMESim与Matlab/Simulink软件对EHA半主动悬架动态性能和能量回馈进行了仿真;设计了EHA半主动悬架试验测试系统,开展了EHA半主动悬架控制台架试验。仿真与试验结果表明,提出的EHA作动器馈能效果较好,馈能效率平均为50%左右;与被动悬架相比,在正弦激励和随机路面谱输入下EHA半主动悬架的簧载质量加速度下降20%左右,减振效果明显。     

基于模糊PID参数整定的收获机前进速度控制优化

为了提高联合收获机前进速度控制的精度,解决前进速度控制的滞后问题,使收割机具有稳定的负荷和良好的脱粒能力,对驱动轮轴装配机构进行了改进,并提出了基于灰色预测的模糊PID控制方案,将其应用在了纵流联合收割机的控制系统中。控制系统使用单片机作为速度的控制装置,并可对装置故障做出预警。为了测试收割机速度灰色预测模糊PID控制方法的有效性和可靠性,对收割机的速度控制进行了测试。以喂入量作为干扰信号,通过测试发现:灰色预测模糊PID控制的速度控制响应时间短,响应迅速,满足设计需求,可以在各类联合收割机的速度控制器推广使用,为收割机速度控制的研究提供了较有价值的参考。     

A simple and rapid immunocytochemical technique for detection of cytokeratin, vimentin, and S-100 protein in veterinary diagnostic cytology

The objective of this study was to establish a simple and rapid immunocytochemical technique that can be used in veterinary diagnostic cytology. Air-dried impression smears were collected from canine tumors. Samples of epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and melanomas were used for detection of cytokeratin, vimentin, and S-100 protein, respectively. The labeled streptavidin-biotin system was used in the present study. Optimal fixation was determined using standard immunocytochemical procedures, and acetone fixation was found to be the most effective. Optimal concentrations of primary and secondary antibodies were determined at a preset 5-min incubation. Omission of H(2)O(2) treatment, shortening the time for blocking and labeled-streptavidin incubation, and simplifying washing did not decrease immunopositive intensities or enhance false-positive reactions. The described rapid protocol requires approximately 45min without the use of any special equipment.     

AFLP标记技术在甘薯育种中的应用进展

近年来,AFLP分子标记技术已经逐步应用于甘薯的遗传育种研究中。本文简要概述了AFLP技术在甘薯的起源、进化与亲缘关系研究、遗传多样性分析、连锁图谱构建及基因定位和分子标记辅助育种等的应用进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

持续亚低温对甜瓜幼苗生理生化指标的影响

以厚皮型甜瓜（久红瑞、2-64）、薄皮型甜瓜（久青蜜、002）和厚薄皮中间型甜瓜（久脆蜜、久仙）3种类型的6个甜瓜(Cucumismelon L.)品种为材料,研究了夜间持续亚低温（8～15 ℃）、白天正常温度条件对不同生态型甜瓜品种苗期生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,在持续亚低温处理期间,可溶性蛋白含量的变化率呈先增大后减小的变化规律;各品种可溶性蛋白含量只有久青蜜先减少后增加,其余品种均一直减小。电导率的变化是久青蜜和2-64电导率的值减小,其余均增加。久青蜜、久红瑞和久仙脯氨酸的含量先减小后增加,其余均一直减小。久青蜜、002和久仙脯氨酸含量的变化率先减小再增加,久红瑞和2-64一直减小,久脆蜜先增加再减小。综合研究来看,对持续亚温有较好抗性的品种为薄皮型的久青蜜和厚皮型的久红瑞,它们可以作为生产上的耐低温品种。     

农牧区农机安全管理的思考

《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》、《农机化促进法》、《农牧区农业机械管理条例》的相继出台,这些法律、法规的颁布和实施给农机安全管理事业带来了新的发展机遇和挑战。农化安全生产管理是推进社会主义新农村建设的重要内容;推进社会主义新农村建设必须重视农机安全生产,强化农机安全管理;加强农机监理队伍建设,进一步提高依法安全管理水平;强化农机安全宣传教育,提高广大农机驾驶操作人员的法制观念和操作技术水平。