不同水溶肥料组配对设施番茄产量、 品质及土壤养分含量的影响

摘要：为研究不同水溶肥料配施在设施番茄水肥一体化中的应用效果,采用田间试验和室内试验 相结合的方法,研究了大量元素水溶肥料、中量元素水溶肥料、含腐植酸水溶肥料、含氨基酸水溶肥 料（中量元素型）、含氨基酸水溶肥料（微量元素型）等5种常见水溶肥料组配对番茄产量、品质及土 壤养分含量的影响。结果表明：施用不同组合水溶肥料均可以改善番茄农艺性状,具有显著的增产效 果,大量元素、大量元素＋中量元素、大量元素＋含腐植酸、大量元素＋含氨基酸（中量元素型）、大 量元素＋含氨基酸（微量元素型）水溶肥料处理667 m2 产量分别比清水对照提高8.3%、10.2%、5.3%、 5.6%和6.4%;同时还能改善番茄的品质和土壤养分状况,各处理VC含量分别比对照增加8.7%、13.4%、 23.8%、19.2%和16.9%,可溶性固形物含量分别比对照增加11.3%、14.5%、25.8%、24.2%和22.6%。综合 追肥效果,建议在设施番茄生产中,按照大量元素＋中量元素水溶肥料处理施肥以提高产量,或按照大量 元素＋含腐植酸水溶肥料处理施肥以提高番茄品质。     

The role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in alleviating pine decline in semiarid sandy soil of northern China: an experimental approach

The decline of Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) trees on sandy land in northern China has caused serious ecological concerns. Mongolian pine is an ectomycorrhizal fungus (ECM)-dependent species. Three ECM species (Boletus sp., Lactarius deliciosus and L.sp.) were collected from Mongolian pine plantation stands to test their beneficial effects on Mongolian pine seedlings and their responses to environmental factors such as pH, drought stress and temperature. The results indicated that ECM inoculation significantly increased the rate of ECM colonization and the length of seedling shoots. The three ECM could grow in a pH range from 4 to 7, but did not grow under heavy drought stress (?1.53 MPa). High temperatures (over 37 °C) caused death of ECM. When related to soil pH, soil water content and temperature in the Mongolian pine plantations, water conditions and temperature were unfavorable for ECM growth in surface soil, but suitable in deeper soil. Therefore, it was concluded that the failure of natural regeneration in Mongolian pine plantations might be influenced by the lack of ECM in the surface soil because of high temperatures causing ECM death. Moreover, the majority of the root area is distributed in deeper soil, which alleviates the stresses on ECM development and arrests pine decline; this is beneficial for tree growth.     

耕地空间保护格局影响因素及整治规划对策——以甘肃省平凉市崆峒区为例

[目的]通过对耕地保护现状空间格局成因及其空间相关性分析,划分科学的耕地整治规划分区,为进一步优化崆峒区耕地布局,提升耕地质量,科学利用、保护耕地提供参考。[方法]以甘肃省平凉市崆峒区为例,采用景观格局指数法、多目标决策法、Spreaman秩相关法、聚类分析法,选取耕地坡度、耕地保护政策、城镇化影响来分析耕地景观格局现状与其在空间上的存在的协同或权衡关系,构建耕地保护格局相关性分析评价指标体系。[结果](1)研究区整体上耕地景观格局指数2010—2022年上升3.55%,耕地集聚程度大部分区域呈现下降趋势,但在整个过程中呈现波动。区域土地利用程度整体上呈上升趋势,各乡镇耕地布局特征及土地利用程度差异明显。(2)耕地保护指数2022年较2010年上升315.30%,2°～6°耕地增加120.96%,15°～25°耕地减少32.64%,>25°耕地减少100%,耕地质量提升明显,与耕地景观格局在空间上高度协同;城镇化影响指数呈上升趋势。2010—2022年城镇化影响指数上升25.17%,城镇化对耕地布局影响加大,与耕地景观格局在空间上存在权衡关系。(3)划分耕地质量提升重点区、耕地质...     

富藻养殖水体中金鱼藻和篦齿眼子菜的抑藻效果研究

夏季高温时,养殖水体水华现象频繁发生,给养殖业带来巨大的损失。常见水生植物释放的活性物质在低浓度下可以起到抑藻作用,对藻类调控具有重要意义。本研究采用实验室静态模拟方法,取养殖池塘暴发蓝藻水华的水体,与沉水植物金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)及篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)进行共培养,研究这2种沉水植物对养殖水华水体营养水平、藻类生长、藻类结构及浮游藻类生物多样性的影响。结果显示,金鱼藻和篦齿眼子菜可显著降低水华水体氮、磷等营养水平(P<0.05);金鱼藻和篦齿眼子菜可有效抑制水华蓝藻(Cyanobacteria)生长,尤其对颤藻和微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)效果显著(P<0.05),且篦齿眼子菜对水华蓝藻抑制效果更为显著。实验结束时,篦齿眼子菜培养组藻密度下降93.6%,生物量下降98.9%,叶绿素a含量下降60.5%;金鱼藻培养组藻密度下降72.5%,生物量下降86.8%,叶绿素a含量下降54.3%;金鱼藻和篦齿眼子菜的存在可促进养殖水体浮游藻类生物多样性增加,且金鱼藻提高浮游藻类生物多样性效果更显著。金鱼藻培养组浮游藻类生物多样性升高98.4%,篦齿眼子菜培养组浮游藻类生物多样性升高50.3%。本研究结果可为未来生态养殖提供理论依据和参考。     

DNA profiling and genetic diversity of Korean soybean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis> (L.) Merrill) landraces by SSR markers

Approximately 7,000 accessions of Korean soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) landraces, largely composed of three collections, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute’s soybean (KAS), the Korean Crop Experiment Station’s soybean (KLS) and the Korean Agricultural Development and Technology Center’s soybean (KADTC) collections, have been conserved at the Rural Development Administration (RDA) genebank in Korea. The accessions within collections were classified based on their traditional uses such as sauce soybean (SA), sprouted soybean (SP), soybean for cooking with rice (SCR), and OTHERS. A total of 2,758 accessions of Korean soybean landraces were used to profile and to evaluate genetic structure using six SSR loci. A total of 110 alleles were revealed by at the six SSR loci. The number of alleles per SSR locus ranged from 9 to 39 in Satt187 and Satt_074, respectively. The number of alleles ranged from 87 in the KADTC collection to 96 in the KLS collection, and from 63 in the SCR group to 95 in the SP group. Nei’s average genetic diversity ranged from 0.68 to 0.70 across three collections, and 0.64 to 0.69 across the usage groups. The average between-group differentiation (G _st) was 0.9 among collections, and 4.1 among the usage groups. The similar average diversity among three collections implies that the genetic background of the three collections was quite similar or that there were a large number of duplicate accessions in three collections. The selection from the four groups classified based upon usage may be a useful way to select accessions for developing a Korean soybean landrace core collection at the RDA genebank. DNA profile information of accessions will provide indications of redundancies or omissions and aid in managing the soybean collection held at the RDA genebank. The information on diversity analysis could help to enlarge the genetic diversity of materials in breeding programs and could be used to develop a core collection.     

农业节水与水资源可持续利用领域发展态势及重大科技问题

本文指出了影响我国农业节水与水资源可持续利用研究领域发展的制约因素,分析了该领域的发展态势和热点问题,提出了我国农业节水与水资源可持续利用领域未来科技发展的总体思路,在分析我国农业节水与水资源可持续利用领域科技需求的基础上,提出了我国农业节水与水资源可持续利用的优先科技领域和几个重大研究课题.     

Influences of feeding frequency of extruded pellet and moist pellet on growth and body composition of juvenile Japanese flounder <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis> in suboptimal water temperatures

This study was carried out to investigate the influences of feeding frequency of extruded pellet and moist pellet on growth and body composition of juvenile flounder (initial mean weight 6.3 g) in sub optimal water temperatures. A 2 (diets: extruded pellet and moist pellet)×2 (feeding frequencies: two and three times daily)×2 (water temperatures: 12 and 17°C) factorial design with three replications was used. After 60 days of feeding, the feeding frequency did not significantly affect growth performance of fish. Weight gain, daily feed intake, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were significantly (P<0.05) higher for fish reared at the higher water temperature. At the same water temperature, weight gain, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio were significantly (P<0.05) higher for fish fed the extruded pellet than moist pellet. The results of this study indicate that feeding frequency of two times daily is sufficient for optimal growth of juvenile flounder when reared in suboptimal water temperatures, and an increase in water temperature from 12 to 17°C improved growth and feed efficiency.     

Cortical gene expression pattern in rat focal cerebral ischemia

AIM: To investigate the genes differential expression in cortex during rat focal cerebral ischemia.METHODS: cDNA microarray chips containing numerous cDNAs were used to investigate the gene expression pattern between samples of focal cerebral ischemia and sham-control operation rats. RESULTS: Two hundred and eleven genes differentially expressed were screened out, among these genes, up-and down-regulated genes were 199 and 12, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of gene expression pattern of focal cerebral ischemia based on cDNA microarray can realize high-throughput screening of the genes associated with the focal cerebral ischemia. The differential expression of genes may be related to the pathogenesis of focal cerebral ischemic diseases.