Isomerization of trans-astaxanthin induced by copper(II) ion in ethanol

Carotenoids are unstable and susceptible to disruption by environmental factors such as heat, light, and solvents. However, there is little information on the effect of metal ions on stability of carotenoids, especially those essential elements in human nutrition. Astaxanthin is one of the few carotenoids containing four oxygen donors. Usually, these oxygen donors can coordinate with heavy metal ions such as Cu(II) and Fe(III). In the present study, the interaction of trans-astaxanthin with Cu(II) was examined. It was found that Cu(II) markedly induces the conversion of trans-astaxanthin to its cis forms, which mainly consist of 9-cis-astaxanthin and 13-cis-astaxanthin as suggested by UV-visible spectra and HPLC measurements. Increasing either incubation time of Cu(II) and trans-astaxanthin in ethanol or the Cu(II)/astaxanthin ratio results in an increased percentage of cis isomers derived from trans-astaxanthin. All these results provide important information on the effects of dietary factors on the bioavailability and bioactivity of trans-astaxanthin.     

Differential recovery of lupin proteins from the gluten matrix in lupin-wheat bread as revealed by mass spectrometry and two-dimensional electrophoresis

Bread made from a mixture of wheat and lupin flour possesses a number of health benefits. The addition of lupin flour to wheat flour during breadmaking has major effects on bread properties. The present study investigated the lupin and wheat flour protein interactions during the breadmaking process including dough formation and baking by using proteomics research technologies including MS/MS to identify the proteins. Results revealed that qualitatively most proteins from both lupin and wheat flour remained unchanged after baking as per electrophoretic behavior, whereas some were incorporated into the bread gluten matrix and became unextractable. Most of the lupin α-conglutins could be readily extracted from the lupin-wheat bread even at low salt and nonreducing/nondenaturing extraction conditions. In contrast, most of the β-conglutins lost extractability, suggesting that they were trapped in the bread gluten matrix. The higher thermal stability of α-conglutins compared to β-conglutins is speculated to account for this difference.     

萝卜收获机振动松土铲参数的优化

为了确定萝卜收获机振动松土铲的关键参数,利用偏心连杆式振动装置进行松土试验,以机器行走速度、松土铲激振频率和振幅、铲入土角、铲刃倾角作为试验影响因素,土壤孔隙度为响应指标,并采用二次正交旋转回归试验设计,建立了响应指标与各影响因素之间回归数学模型。通过Design-Expert 6.0软件对试验参数进行优化,确定机器行走速度0.64?m/s、激振器频率2?Hz、振幅14.38?mm、铲入土角25.72°、铲刃倾角39.68°为最优参数组合,此时土壤孔隙度为50%～60%,该研究为研究和设计萝卜收获机提供依据。     

9SZ-2.5A型饲料加工成套设备的设计研究

详细介绍了９ＳＺ－２．５Ａ型饲料加工成套设备的设计原理、依据、设计方法及其结构，并总结了该机的性能特点。     

强化基层林业站职能作用 促进林业跨越式发展

基层林业站是国家设在基层的林业管理机构 ,在林业生产和建设中发挥着重要的职能作用。强化林业站的职能作用 ,必将对推动我国六大林业重点工程建设 ,实现林业跨越式发展起到巨大作用。     

植物低温诱导蛋白和诱导基因研究新进展

本文就近年来植物低温诱导蛋白和低温诱导基因的研究进展进行了概述，同时探讨了低温诱导蛋白和低温诱导基因与植物抗寒能力之间的关系。     

Quantitative resistance to Botrytis cinerea from Solanum neorickii

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is susceptible to gray mold (Botrytis cinerea). Quantitative resistance to B. cinerea was previously identified in a wild relative, S. neorickii G1.1601. The 122 F₃ families derived from a cross between the susceptible S. lycopersicum cv. Moneymaker and the partially resistant S. neorickii G1.1601 were tested for susceptibility to B. cinerea using a stem bioassay. Three putative quantitative trait loci (pQTL) were detected: pQTL3 and pQTL9 reducing lesion growth (LG) and pQTL4 reducing disease incidence (DI). For each pQTL, a putative homologous locus was identified recently in another wild tomato relative, S. habrochaites LYC4. pQTL3 was confirmed by assessing disease resistance in BC₃S₁ and BC₃S₂ progenies of S. neorickii G1.1601. pQTL4 was not statistically confirmed but the presence of the S. neorickii resistance allele reduced DI in all three tested populations. The reduction in LG of pQTL9 was not confirmed but rather, this locus conferred a reduced DI, similar to observations in the QTL study using S. habrochaites. The results are discussed in relation to other disease resistance loci identified in studies with other wild tomato relatives.     

寒地水稻田节肢动物群落多样性调查分析

根据田间系统调查把稻田节肢动物群落按营养和取食关系划分为三个营养层（基位物种、中位物种、顶位物种）和不同的功能集团,在物种、功能集团和营养层三个组织层次水平上分析了稻田节肢动物群落的结构和多样性。结果表明：三类稻田中,施生物药剂稻田的生态稳定性最好,自然稻田的生态稳定性好于施化学药剂稻田的生态稳定性。     

双节距齿形输送链条设计与试验

研究了齿形链啮合机理和设计方法,提出了一种双节距齿形输送链条.对其结构特性及啮人冲击速度进行了分析,给出了链条主要设计参数及其关系式,并对其进行了200 h的磨损试验,试验结果表明:200 h后,双节距齿形输送链条的磨损伸长率仅为0.149％,明显低于传统的双节距滚子输送链条.验证了双节距齿形输送链设计方法的合理性.