Glycoprotein M of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is nonessential for replication in cell culture and is involved in inhibition of bovine respiratory syncytial virus F protein induced syncytium formation in recombinant BHV-1 infected cells

Cell cultures infected with BHV-1/F(syn), a recombinant bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) which expresses a synthetic open reading frame encoding the fusion (F) protein of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), showed a cytopathic effect (CPE) indistinguishable from that induced by wildtype BHV-1 although transient transfection experiments demonstrated that expression of the F protein leads to formation of large syncytia. Since it has been shown that glycoprotein M (gM) of pseudorabies virus inhibits BRSV F-induced syncytium formation in transient plasmid transfection experiments [Pseudorbies virus glycoprotein M inhibits membrane fusion. J. Virol. 74 (2000) 6760], the gM ORF of wtBHV-1 and BHV-1/F(syn) was interrupted. Infection of cell cultures with the resulting gM(-) mutant of BHV-1/F(syn) led to formation of syncytia, whereas the CPE in gM(-)BHV-1 infected cells was comparable to the CPE in wtBHV-1 infected cultures. Our results demonstrate that gM is not essential for BHV-1 replication in cell culture and that gM is involved in inhibition of the cell fusion activity of the BHV-1 expressed BRSV F protein.     

肉鸡肌纤维与肉质关系研究

选用地方鸡种白耳鸡、泰和鸡、黄羽肉鸡康达尔 12 8cs、石岐杂鸡、快长肉鸡AA鸡cs、蛋用鸡罗曼褐cs和矮脚黄鸡 7个鸡种 (系 ) ,在同样条件下饲养到 13周龄进行品味、肌纤维等性状测定。结果表明 ,地方鸡种白耳鸡、矮脚黄鸡肉质最好 ,石岐杂鸡、康达尔黄鸡 12 8cs次之 ;罗曼褐cs、AA鸡cs、泰和鸡肉质较差。白肌纤维直径大于红肌纤维和中间型纤维直径 ,其所占比例与肉质呈负相关 ,白肌纤维比例愈高 ,肉质愈差。肌纤维直径与鸡的体重大小没有关系。肌纤维密度和直径共同影响肌肉的蛋白质含量 ,且与肉质呈负相关     

包膜甜菜碱与有机铬复合物对夏季奶牛产奶性能和血液生化指标的影响

旨在研究包膜甜菜碱和有机铬复合物对夏季奶牛产奶性能和血液生化指标的影响。选择年龄、胎次、泌乳时间和产奶量相近100头泌乳牛,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组50头,对照组饲喂原奶牛场配方日粮,试验组在每天早晨TMR日粮中添加50 g/d包膜甜菜碱和有机铬复合物。结果:与对照组相比,试验组奶牛采食量显著提高(P<0.05),牛奶中体细胞含量显著降低(P<0.05);奶牛乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量显著提高(P<0.05);磷酸肌酸激酶(CPK)含量显著降低(P<0.01),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量有上升趋势,丙二醛(MDA)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量有下降趋势,但差异均不显著。试验表明包膜甜菜碱和有机铬具有提高热应激期奶牛采食量、促进代谢和蛋白质合成、缓解奶牛热应激的作用。     

Attempts to Modify Reperfusion Injury of Equine Jejunal Mucosa Using Dimethylsulfoxide, Allopurinol, and Intraluminal Oxygen

This study compared the severity of ischemic injury to the equine jejunal mucosa caused by arteriovenous obstruction (AVO) or venous obstruction (VO) with that caused by reperfusion after ischemia. The degree of mucosal damage and regeneration was scored according to a modified version of an established light microscopic classification for ischemic injury. Biopsy specimens taken after 3 and 4 hours of obstruction, and after 3 hours of obstruction and 1 hour of reperfusion, were compared. There were no changes in the severity of mucosal injury (characterized by epithelial sloughing, loss of villus architecture, and necrosis of crypt cells) at 4 hours of ischemia when compared with 3 hours of ischemia. The mucosal injury score increased by one grade in three of six and five of eight segments during reperfusion for the VO and AVO models, respectively; however, only the scores for the AVO model were significantly different from the injury caused by ischemia alone. Modification of reperfusion injury was attempted by the administration of intravenous (IV) allopurinol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or intraluminal oxygen insufflation at the time of release of the AVO and VO. Treatments did not significantly alter either the severity of injury noted after 1 hour of reperfusion or the degree of mucosal regeneration after 48 hours of reperfusion. In this group of ponies, the severity of mucosal damage was greater after 1 hour of reperfusion for both AVO and VO.     

Effect of phenylbutazone on the haemodynamic, acid-base and eicosanoid responses of horses to sustained submaximal exertion

The systemic haemodynamic and acid-base effects of the administration of phenylbutazone (4·4 mg kg⁻¹ intravenously) to standing and running horses were investigated. Phenylbutazone, or a placebo, was administered to each of six mares either 15 minutes before, or after 30 minutes of a 60-minute submaximal exercise test which elicited heart rates approximately 55 per cent of maximal, and to the same horses at rest. The variables examined included the cardiac output, heart rate, systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, right atrial and right ventricular pressures, and arterial and mixed venous blood gases and pH. Serum sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations, and plasma thromboxane B₂, 6-keto-prostaglandin F_1α (6-keto-PGF_1α), and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) concentrations were measured in separate studies using similar protocols in the same horses. Running produced increases in heart rate, cardiac output, mean arterial and right ventricular pressure, and decreases in total peripheral resistance. The acid:base responses to exertion were characterised by respiratory alkalosis. Exertion did not significantly influence plasma 6-keto-PGF_1α or PGE₂ concentrations but plasma thromboxane B₂ concentrations were increased significantly by 60 minutes of exertion in the untreated horses. This exercise-induced increase in plasma thromboxane B₂ concentration was inhibited by the previous administration of phenylbutazone, but phenylbutazone did not produce detectable changes in systemic haemodynamic or acid-base variables in either standing or running horses.     

Avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 isolates from the spinal cord of parrots display a very low virulence

The spinal cord of 32 psittacines suffering from proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) was investigated. In six cases, a virus was isolated which upon electron microscopic examination revealed morphological details typical of members of the Paramyxoviridae. All isolates were subsequently characterized as avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1) by type-specific polyclonal antisera. According to their reactivity with APMV-1 specific monoclonal antibodies, the six isolates shared epitopes within the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase spike protein, distinct from pigeon-type paramyxoviruses and the LaSota vaccine strain. This grouping was further corroborated by properties of the haemagglutinin: all isolates showed a very thermosensitive haemagglutination activity and were rapid eluters. Virulence of the APMV-1 isolates in 1-day-old specific pathogen free (spf) chicken was very low, with intracerebral pathogenicity indices between 0 and 0.1. In embryonated spf chicken eggs, psittacine isolates replicated to high titres (10(8.6)-10(10.7) EID50/ml). However, they exhibited a reduced lethality over an observation time of 7 days (10(6.1)-10(8.3) ELD50/ml). In a haemagglutination inhibition test with parrot sera from birds with no history of APMV-1 vaccination, sera reacted preferentially with two isolates compared with APMV-1 vaccine strains LaSota and B1. The other four isolates exhibited a differentiated reaction pattern with the parrot sera, indicating an antigenic inhomogeneity. This is the first report of isolating very low virulent APMV-1 from neuronal tissue of parrots and implications for a possible role in slow progressing disease will be discussed.     

表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S1蛋白的重组假型杆状病毒对SPF鸡的免疫原性分析

本研究旨在对本实验室所构建的表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV) S1蛋白的重组假型杆状病毒(Ac-V-S1)的免疫保护效果进行探讨.以2×109 pfu剂量的重组假型杆状病毒(Ac-V-S1)腿部肌肉注射7日龄SPF雏鸡,21日龄加强免疫1次.血清抗体检测表明,灭活疫苗组诱导的IBV特异性ELISA抗体水平最高,极显著高于其它试验组(P＜0.01),其次是Prime-boost组(先免疫Ac-V-S1后免疫poly156S1亚单位疫苗)和Ac-V-S1组;但在细胞免疫水平方面,Ac-V-S1免疫组表现出较强的优势,免疫应答反应极显著的高于其它免疫组(P＜0.01),然后是Prime-boost组和杆状病毒野毒对照组.二免后2周用IBV M41强毒进行攻毒保护试验.结果表明,Ac-V-S1、Ac-V-EGFP、poly156S1亚单位疫苗组的保护率分别为55％(6/11)、27％(3/11)、37％(4/11),而采用Prime-boost免疫组的保护率为64％(7/11),略低于免疫保护率为73％的常规灭活疫苗(8/11).结果显示:重组杆状病毒Ac-V-S1具有较好的免疫效果,而且在细胞免疫方面具有较强优势,可以弥补重组杆状病毒在体液免疫水平的不足,而Prime-boost免疫策略能更进一步提高重组杆状病毒免疫效果,为将重组杆状病毒发展为经济有效的IBV基因工程疫苗奠定基础.     

中国林蛙南移后的生物学特性

本文对在半人工生态系统中南移至苏州的中国林蛙的冬眠、抱对、产卵、孵化、取食等生物学特性,及一些影响其生长繁殖的因素进行了分析。     

Pharmacokinetics and Dosage Regimen of Enrofloxacin in Buffalo Bulls after Intramuscular Administration

The disposition kinetics and dosage regimen of enrofloxacin were investigated in breeding buffalo bulls following a single intramuscular administration of 5 mg/kg. The absorption half-life, half-life of the terminal phase, apparent volume of distribution and total body clearance were 0.262±0.099 h, 1.97±0.23 h, 0.61±0.13 L/kg and 210.2±18.6 ml/(kg.h), respectively. Therapeutic plasma levels (1 g/ml) were maintained for up to 6 h. A satisfactory intramuscular dosage regimen for enrofloxacin in buffalo bulls would be 8.5 mg/kg followed by 8.0 mg/kg at 8 h intervals.