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排序方式: 共有197条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Akiko Nagasaka Yu Nagasaka Kinuko Ito Tsutomu Mano Masami Yamanaka Atushi Katayama Yoshikazu Sato Andrey L. Grankin Andrey I. Zdorikov Gennady A. Boronov 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(5):377-382
We examined the relationship between the annual escapement of salmon and the δ
15N of willow (Salix spp.) leaves to evaluate the contribution of marine-derived nutrients (MDN) to riparian vegetation around the Pacific Northwest
and Northeast regions. Foliar δ
15N values ranged from −3.42‰ to 4.65‰. The value increased with increasing density of carcasses up to 500 fish/km and 1500
fish/km. δ
15N values were variable at carcass densities below 500 fish/km. Possible factors affecting the fluctuation of δ
15N at reference sites are: (1) denitrification; (2) the presence of N2-fixing trees, such as alder; and (3) agricultural runoff. δ
15N values at the sites with carcass densities over 500 fish/km were consistently high, while a value of δ
15N below zero was observed at only one site (Rusha River; δ
15N = −1.87‰). At this site, most adult pink salmon returned to limited locations near the estuary because steeper channel gradients
acted as a migration barrier, resulting in the negative δ
15N value. Nevertheless, we concluded that our results showed evidence of the feedback of MDN to terrestrial vegetation, although
the use of the δ
15N value as a terrestrial end member at spawning sites is limited. If the relationship between the enrichment index, which
is expressed as the values using a mixing model, and salmon abundance was estimated, the availability of MDN in riparian ecosystems
could possibly be evaluated and will lead to the establishment of escapement goals.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
42.
Chen-Wei?ChiuEmail author Hikaru?Komatsu Ayumi?Katayama Kyoichi?Otsuki 《Journal of Forest Research》2016,21(4):161-169
Previous studies have demonstrated a clear relationship between diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree transpiration (Q T) in multi-specific broadleaved forests. However, these studies were conducted with a limited range of tree sizes and species, and thus many multi-specific broadleaved forests fall outside these conditions. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between DBH and Q T in a warm-temperate multi-specific broadleaved forest (n = 12 species) with a wide range of tree sizes (5.0–70.0 cm DBH) using the Granier-type heat dissipation method. The results showed that, although sap flow density varied between individual trees and species, there was a significant relationship between log Q T and log DBH (r 2 = 0.66, P < 0.001) because of the strong dependence of sapwood area on DBH. This study confirmed the applicability of the relationship for the stand transpiration (E C) estimates even in a multi-specific broadleaved forest with a wide variation in DBH. Our results also revealed that selecting the sample trees in descending order of DBH effectively reduced potential errors in E C estimates for a specific sample size, as larger trees contribute more to E C. This information should be useful for future studies investigating the transpiration of multi-specific broadleaved forests, reducing errors during the scaling-up procedure. 相似文献
43.
Yosuke Iimura Madoka Yoshizumi Tomonori Sonoki Mikiko Uesugi Kenji Tatsumi Ken-ichi Horiuchi Shinya Kajita Yoshihiro Katayama 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(6):541-544
To assess the possible utility of a fungal gene for manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) produced by a transgenic plant in
phytoremediation, we transformed hybrid aspen with a chimeric gene for MnP. Our gene construct allowed expression of the gene
for MnP in plants and relatively high MnP activity was detected in the hydroponic medium in which roots of plants that expressed
the transgene had been cultured. Some of our transgenic plants were able to remove bisphenol A from the medium more efficiently
than wild-type plants. Our results demonstrate that, without any modification of the coding sequence, a chimeric gene for
fungal MnP can be expressed in a woody plant, with secretion of active MnP from roots into the rhizosphere. Our strategy suggests
new options using woody plants for phytoremediation. 相似文献
44.
The protective effects of amino acids against H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress were investigated in an in vitro assay using human intestinal epithelial cells. Caco-2 cells were pretreated with amino acids (1, 2, and 5 mM) for 2 h and then stimulated with 1 mM H 2O 2 for 6 h. The secretion of IL-8, a proinflammatory mediator, was determined by ELISA as an indicator of tissue oxidative stress. The inhibition of H 2O 2-induced IL-8 secretion from Caco-2 cells was observed by pretreatment with Cys, Val, Ile, Leu, Trp, His, Lys, and Ala. Cys enhanced glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis enzyme activity and increased cellular GSH levels. Branched-chain amino acids such as Val, Ile, and Leu elevated activities of GSH S-transferase (GST) and catalase. Trp, His, and Lys caused increases in GST activity. Ala enhanced GSH reductase activity. These data suggest that specific amino acids exert protective effects against tissue oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells based on the structure. 相似文献
45.
Takanori Ueno Shinya Wada Seigo Mashita Atsutoshi Kuwano Yoshinari Katayama 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012
A 15-year-old Dutch Warmblood gelding suddenly developed incoordination and hindlimb stumbling. The horse had a history of eyelid lymphoma. Necropsy revealed yellow-white or dark reddish-brown masses adhering to the outer surface of the spinal dura mater from the first cervical vertebra to the seventh thoracic vertebra. The spinal cord close to the first cervical vertebra and the seventh thoracic vertebra was markedly compressed by the masses filling the epidural space. The masses were also observed in the larynx, eyelids, and adipose-rich tissues, including the joints and orbits. They appeared similar in shape. The mandibular, retropharyngeal, axillary, superficial inguinal, deep inguinal, and lateral iliac lymph nodes were solid and enlarged. Histologically, the masses were composed of small or medium-sized lymphocyte-like tumor cells, but atypical cells and mitotic figures were rare. There were moderate infiltrations of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells, which were occasionally ingesting the surrounding tumor cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were classified as T-cell-derived cells. Throughout the spinal cord, enlargement or loss of nerve axons, dilation of periaxonal spaces, and macrophage infiltration into periaxonal spaces were observed, mainly in the ventral funiculus. Spinal cord compression by the tumor mass was suggested as a cause of the locomotive dysfunction. This is the first report of equine lymphoma with ataxia located from the proximal cervical to middle thoracic dura mater and in joint cavities. 相似文献
46.
A. Mori T. Sato P. Lee M. Furuuchi H. Tazaki K. Katayama H. Mizutani T. Sako T. Arai 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(5):439-451
Circulating levels of monosaccharides can act as a reflection of systemic glucose/ energy metabolism. Characteristic changes
observed in these levels can be seen in patients with diabetes and other metabolic disorders. There have been a few reports
describing the significance of mannose metabolism as an energy source under physiological and pathological conditions. However,
the relationship between circulating levels of mannose and the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus are unknown in dogs. This
study examined circulating levels of mannose between healthy control and diabetic dogs and evaluated the clinical significance
of mannose levels in dogs. Diabetic dogs demonstrated a higher circulating level of mannose in comparison to normal healthy
control dogs. Plasma mannose was positively correlated with plasma glucose and fructosamine, respectively. Interestingly,
plasma mannose levels were affected by plasma insulin levels. In the context of feeding and glucose tolerance tests, plasma
mannose levels responded to changes in circulating insulin levels. Circulating plasma mannose levels decreased after feeding
in both control and diabetic animals in spite of observed insulin level differences. However, when glucose tolerance tests
were given, a positive correlation between mannose levels and insulin levels was observed. Therefore, plasma mannose levels
obtained via glucose tolerance testing may be used as a new diagnostic method for evaluating insulin resistance or deficiency
in diabetic dogs. 相似文献
47.
Katayama Y Wada R Kanemaru T Sasagawa T Uchiyama T Matsumura T Anzai T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(6):757-759
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis developed in a three-year-old male Thoroughbred racehorse imported from the United States. The animal showed astasia five days after the onset of ataxia. Histopathologically, focal nonpurulent myelitis accompanied by hemorrhage and perivascular infiltration was observed in the fourth and fifth cervical spinal cord. Immunohistochemically, shizonts were occasionally observed and were positive for anti-Sarcocystis neurona (S. neurona) antiserum. S. neurona-specific antibodies were detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid by Western blot. This is the first equine protozoal myeloencephalitis case in Japan. 相似文献
48.
Kuwano A Katayama Y Kasashima Y Okada K Reilly JD 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(10):893-900
In horses with chronic laminitis, an abnormal horny structure called lamellar wedge, is generated between the hoof wall and the laminar epidermis. To be able to manage horses with chronic laminitis correctly, more information about the pathological state of this abnormal horn is required. The aim of this study was to collect and analyze objective morphological data about the abnormal horn in order to understand its morphology and development. In the study, the abnormal horn was grossly visible on the sagittal hoof section from approximately 20 days after the onset of disease. In the histological observations, the structural characteristics of this abnormal horn were similar to the white line tissue, suggesting it is an ectopic white line. Mean value of the cross-sectional area of the abnormal horn against the distal phalanx section area (A/D) was 0.29 cm(2) SD +/- 0.14 and it finally showed an eight-fold increase over the mean value of normal white line section area against the distal phalanx section area. In conclusion, a large amount of the ectopic white line is thought to be finally able to inhibit normal hoof wall growth, so that it should be resected at the optimum time when would be after one month from the onset of the disease. 相似文献
49.
Sex identification of Japanese black bear,Ursus thibetanus japonicus,by PCR based on amelogenin gene
Yamamoto K Tsubota T Komatsu T Katayama A Murase T Kita I Kudo T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(6):505-508
A method for sex identification of the Japanese black bear was examined using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of a part of the amelogenin gene. This gene is located on the X and Y chromosomes, and there are 54 nucleotide deletions on the Y chromosome-specific gene. Forty-seven (26 male and 21 female) DNA samples and 23 (13 male and 10 female) DNA samples, respectively extracted from white blood cells and hairs of Japanese black bears were analyzed. The primers SE47 and SE48 from this X-Y homologous region were used in sex identification by PCR amplification. These primers amplified X- and Y-specific bands, which could be used to discriminate between sexes by a length polymorphism in all samples. We suggest that PCR amplification using the primers SE47 and SE48 is useful for sex determination of the Japanese black bear and could be applied to DNA analysis of small samples such as hairs. 相似文献
50.
1. The oral administration of glucose or dietary glucose reduces fasting plasma mannose concentrations in mammals. On the other hand, there have been no reports on plasma mannose levels in birds. We have analysed chicken plasma mannose and glucose by an original high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, together with plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in chickens.
2. Plasma glucose concentrations of chickens did not differ among three different age groups (0, 18 and 150 d). However, the plasma mannose concentrations of chicks at the age of 0 d were higher than those of chickens at the ages of 18 and 150 d.
3. At the age of 18 and 150 d, plasma glucose concentrations were elevated and plasma mannose and NEFA concentrations were decreased after regular feeding, compared to fasting levels. 相似文献