杂交油菜黔油17号优质高产制种技术研究Ⅱ"农作物父本中心式"油菜制种技术研究与示范

针对甘蓝型隐性核不育两系杂交油菜新品种黔油17号进行"农作物父本中心式"高产制种技术研究与示范,试验示范结果表明:(1)采用"农作物父本中心式"进行核不育两系杂交油菜制种,使田间父本授粉植株均匀合理分布,其母本呈辐射状排列在父本周围,与常规行比排列相比,能显著增加母本植株的结实率,大幅度提高制种产量,其中处理1间4、1间6杂交种产量增产幅度均达到极显著水平。(2)改进后的"农作物父本中心式"采用宽、窄行移栽方式,父本直接稀植在宽行上。在德江县的大面积制种示范中产量达到99.47kg/667m2。(3)"农作物父本中心式"制种模式主要是能保证父本具有较强的生长势和丰富的花粉量,同时又能保证单位面积上具有较多的母本株数。     

蜜蜂肠道菌群的调节作用及影响因素

近年来, 蜜蜂数量的大量减少导致全球养蜂业面临重要的经济损失,并对农业各个方面造成了严重后果。最新的研究表明肠道菌群与宿主的健康息息相关。综述了肠道菌群的种类和特性,阐述了肠道菌群在蜜蜂等昆虫健康中的调节作用及影响肠道菌群的因素,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

鸡源益生菌JM-11菌株的胃肠道耐受及其抗腹泻的研究

本试验从健康的鸡盲肠内容物中筛选出具有较高抑菌活性的病源拮抗菌JM-11菌株,经形态、生理生化及16S rDNA序列鉴定此菌为枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis）。经耐受胃肠道环境及胆盐试验,结果表明,JM-11菌株能耐受0.3%的胆盐环境,在pH为3.0的人工胃液中能够很好的存活。利用抗生素打乱雏鸡肠道菌群后,饲喂致病性大肠杆菌来制作腹泻模型。经益生菌JM-11对腹泻雏鸡的治疗试验结果显示,JM-11能显著降低腹泻雏鸡粪便中的大肠杆菌的数量（P<0.01）,增加乳酸菌的数量(P<0.01),提高雏鸡免疫器官指数(P<0.05),对雏鸡具有安全无毒的作用。     

长沙市野生态动物园斑马蜱pcox1基因扩增及序列分析

为研究长沙市生态动物园引进的非洲肯尼亚斑马蜱的线粒体DNA的部分细胞色素C氧化酶第Ⅰ亚基(cytochrome coxidase subunit l,pcox1)基因序列的遗传变异情况,本研究对其线粒体pcox1基因序列进行PCR扩增,并使用DNAStar(V5.01)、Clustalx2.0及Phylip3.67进行分析。结果显示,几种斑马蜱为消色牛蜱、丽色扇头蜱和璃眼蜱属,种间差异为0.7%~20.2%,种内相似度较高,表明pcox1基因可作为蜱种间遗传变异研究的标记,研究结果为蜱的分类鉴定以及进一步的分子流行病学调查奠定了基础。     

Limited awareness of animal influenza prevention and control among Dai Lue smallholder farmers in Southwest China

Awareness of animal influenza and its prevention and control is important for ensuring livestock health, production and welfare. In China, a country stereotyped as a major source of emerging zoonotic infectious diseases, research on the public understanding of animal influenza is limited to the Han, the main ethnic group. The present qualitative study in Southwest China investigated awareness of animal influenza among the Dai, an ethnic minority. The participants (15 men and 10 women, ages 18–83) were smallholder farmers of pigs and poultry in rural areas of Jinghong, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province. A mixture of interviews and group discussions took place in homes and villages. The participants were asked about their knowledge of avian influenza (H7N9), swine influenza (H1N1), precautions taken to protect against influenza, procedures when animals were sick and perceived risk of animal influenza. The data were analysed following coding and thematic analysis. The findings demonstrated a limited understanding of animal health and welfare among participants. Specifically, they were largely unaware of animal influenza (H7N9, H1N1) including its causes, symptoms, prevention and treatment. The farmers were also uninformed of the risks they faced and unknowingly engaged in behaviours which increased direct or indirect exposure to infected animals, a risk factor for human infection. They also reported poor usage of veterinary services. In order to guarantee the health, welfare and production of their livestock, immediate action is needed to enable Dai smallholder farmers to prevent and respond to animal influenza effectively and timely.     

全球鸡蛋消费呈增长趋势

全球范围内鸡蛋消费量持续增长,其中大部分需求量增长来自亚洲的6个国家. 据世界蛋品协会统计分析师Windhorst教授称,截至2015年,世界鸡蛋需求量将比2005年增长1 200万t,从而达到7 090万t(表1).     

哺乳期内仔猪群体间行为关系的研究

试验主要研究了仔猪不同哺乳周期的行为联系。试验分别选择6头经产的民猪、长白猪及其仔猪作为观察对象,研究哺乳期间2猪种间的仔猪交流信息随时间变化的情况及品种间差异。结果表明:随着产后日龄的增加,哺乳期间一系列行为都发生了变化,仔猪间接触的行为会逐渐增加,但哺乳的第2￣3周又会逐渐减弱。     

Effects of Energy,Protein and Amino Acids Levels on the Development of Mammary Gland and the Growth of Fetus in Sows at Late Gestation

Late gestation is an important period for rapid development of the sow's mammary gland and fetus. It is becoming more and more important to provide a suitable nutrient level in late gestation period for improve the reproductive efficiency of sow. Demand of energy, protein and amino acids for mammary gland and fetus in sows at late gestation are different. To provide reasonable nutrition for fetus, at the same time for the needs of mammary gland are still seldom reported. In this paper, the effects of dietary energy, protein and amino acids levels on the development of mammary gland and the growth of fetus were reviewed,the authors propose the requirement of energy, protein amino acid and reasonable proportion in sows at late gestation, in order to give some guidance for pig farmers.     

贵州天然豆科牧草——窄叶野豌豆的引种与驯化

对采自贵州省册亨县、三都县的窄叶野豌豆野生种进行了引种驯化。结果表明：其产草量中等，鲜草３７．５～４５ｔ／ｈｍ２，草质优良；生育期短，早熟；种子产量高，收纯净种子５００～６００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。适合在我国南方中亚热带地区同水稻、玉米轮作，也可作为农田填闲作物栽培     

热敏电阻冰点仪法测定生鲜牛乳中冰点的研究

利用热敏电阻冰点仪法测定生鲜牛乳中的冰点,对该方法的重复性、灵敏度以及掺水掺盐对生鲜牛乳冰点值的影响等方面进行了研究.此方法的检测极限值为2.4 m℃.