Effects of inulin on performance, egg quality, gut microflora and serum and yolk cholesterol in laying hens

1. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of inulin on laying hens. A total of 360 Brown Nick laying hens were divided randomly into 6 groups of 60 with 6 replicates of 10 hens and fed on diets containing 0 (control), 0·1, 0·5, 1·0, 1·5 or 2·0% inulin during the 4-week trial. 2. Dietary supplementation of inulin reduced cholesterol concentration (mg/g yolk) and content (mg/egg) in eggs. Cholesterol content in eggs decreased linearly with increasing levels of dietary inulin level. 3. Supplementation of inulin in diets decreased coliform bacteria counts and pH in the caecum. The lowest coliform bacteria counts (6·30 ± 0·03 log10 cfu/g) and pH (6·47 ± 0·01) were obtained in the 2·0% inulin group, the two indices decreasing by 21·6% and 3·0% respectively, compared with the control group. Coliform bacteria count and pH were changed linearly in accordance with increasing levels of dietary inulin level. Caecal Bifidobacteria counts were increased in the 2·0%-inulin group. 4. Inulin supplementation of layer diets did not appear to have any adverse effects on laying rate, egg weight, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, cracked-egg rate, eggshell thickness or Haugh unit compared with the control laying hens. 5. Therefore, dietary supplementation with inulin may lead to the development of low-cholesterol chicken eggs as demanded by health-conscious consumers.     

平武黄牛体尺外貌的研究

对平武黄牛主产区生态条件的调查、外貌的观察和体尺的测定,与四川现有黄牛地方品种的比较分析,结果表明平武黄牛在体尺、外貌、体尺指数等方面有别于其它黄牛品种,是川西北山区良好的役用型黄牛种群,具有向役肉兼用型方向发展的优良特性。     

桑椹红色素稳定性的研究

研究了光和热等物理因素、常用食品添加剂、金属离子、氧化剂及还原剂对桑椹红色素稳定性的影响。结果表明 :pH值对桑椹色素的影响显著 ,在酸性条件下色素稳定 ;长时间高温和光照对色素有明显的破坏作用 ;金属离子Na+ 、Ca2 + 、Cu2 + 、Fe2 + 、Mg2 + 、Zn2 + 和Mn2 + 对桑椹色素色泽有一定的增色效果 ,但Fe3 + 则有明显的不良影响 ;食品中常用的葡萄糖、蔗糖、苯甲酸钠和山梨酸钾对桑椹色素无明显的不良影响 ;VC对桑椹色素有双重作用 ,而H2 O2 和Na2 SO3 对色素有严重的破坏作用。     

肉兔不同杂交组合的生产性能测定

养兔具有投资少、见效快、效益高的特点，饲养规模可大可小，饲养方式多种多样，是当前广大农村实现农业增效、农民增收的好项目。但是，养兔效益可受品种、繁育方式、饲料营养、饲养管理等多种因素的影响。据生产实践，作为商品兔，一般杂种兔的经济效益高于纯种兔，杂种后代的增重速度可比纯种兔提高10％以上。但不同品种间杂交，其杂交效果各不一样。     

重要营养素--血红素铁

血红素铁是卟啉类化合物,是哺乳动物血液中的天然色素和生物铁,广泛应用于医药、食品和化工业。文章就血红素铁的理化特性、生理功能及应用进行了简述,并对其常用提取方法进行了比较概述。     

应用兔肾原代细胞培养 兔粘液瘤病毒的研究

试用兔肾原代细胞传代；增殖兔粘液瘤病毒，呈现典型ＣＰＥ。粘液瘤病毒ＳＧ３３株在兔肾细胞上连续传３代之后，就不产生ＣＰＥ，在鸡胚上传３代再回归兔肾原代细胞，又呈现ＣＰＥ。ＳＧ＿（３３）在鸡胚上不能产生明显痘斑。维持液ｐＨ值影响ＳＧ＿（３３）在兔肾原代细胞上形成ＣＰＥ。     

两种蔗糖浓度对切割取样鼠胚冷冻解冻效果的研究

小鼠晚期桑椹胚、早期囊胚和扩大囊胚，经切割取样分别采用０．３６５Ｍ和０．２５Ｍ蔗糖浓度进一步细管和分步脱除甘油解冻后体外培养发育率分别为６５．５％、４６．４％和７５．４％，两种浓度间差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；分步脱除甘油解冻瑟前者差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），与后者差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

双峰驼水代谢与血液中无机离子浓度的动态关系

对双峰驼禁水１５ｄ，于禁水前、后及暴饮后采血，测定其血液中多种无机离子的浓度变化。结果表明，全血碳酸氢盐含量在禁水期变化极显著，与禁水前相比，冬季试验升高２８．０９％，夏季试验升高２６．５９％；暴饮后快速下降，冬、夏季试验分别比禁水前低９．５％和７．８％，４ｄ后恢复正常。血清中Ｋ＋和Ｆｅ２＋含量未见统计学差异。血清中Ｎａ＋、Ｃｌ－、Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、和Ｐ３＋的含量于禁水期逐渐上升，暴饮后快速下降，其变化均有显著差异，其中Ｎａ＋的正常值显著高于其他反刍动物。结果表明，双峰驼在禁水期具有较高的血液渗透压和碱储量，其对保证缺水时血液酸碱平衡的调节，维持血容量，保证机体正常水代谢功能具有重要作用，是骆驼耐干渴的重要原因之一。     

Characterization of antibody response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5 product following infection and evaluation of its diagnostic use in pigs.

The sensitivity and specificity of recombinant open reading frame 5 products used in the Western blotting assay for confirmation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) serologic status were evaluated. The recombinant antigen-based assays were specifically compared with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PRRSV antibodies using 1) PRRSV antibody-negative reference sera (n = 30), 2) naturally infected pig sera (n = 40), 3) sequential sera obtained from 24 experimentally infected pigs, and 4) sera submitted to 3 state diagnostic laboratories (n = 200). The recombinant antigen assay yielded an average increased sensitivity of 10% over the commercial PRRSV ELISA. The negative controls (group 1 sera) showed no difference between the 2 assays. This comparison confirmed that the recombinant antigen-specific assay was more sensitive than the commercial ELISA and is well suited for routine confirmation of the presence of PRRSV antibodies.     

浅析农村蛋鸡免疫失败的因素

走访养鸡户时,经常遇到养鸡户埋怨:所养的鸡群已经做了免疫,怎么不久还是发病呢?针对以上情况,笔者做了调查,作了一些肤浅的分析,原因如下: 1 疫苗质量不好或疫苗已经过期失效.有的灭活疫苗中甲醛存在超标现象.应使用正规大厂家的疫苗,选择吸收好、应激反应小、抗体维持时间长、含有优势毒株的疫苗.