植物HKT转运蛋白研究进展

HKT（high—affinity K^＋ transporter）转运蛋白即高亲和K^＋转运载体,是与植物耐盐胁迫有关的一类Na^＋或艮转运体或Na^＋-K^＋共转运体。根据HKT类蛋白的结构及具体功能的不同该家族可以分成两个亚家族,亚家族1最重要的功能区域所含氨基酸为丝氨酸,是Na^＋特异性载体,而亚家族2在该点则是甘氨酸,是Na^＋-K^＋的协同运输体或Na^＋-K^＋的单一转运体。具体到不同基因,不同植物,以及不同环境条件下HKT的具体作用不尽相同。本文综述了近年来国内外对HKT类蛋白的研究成果与进展,涉及到HKT家族的命名,亚家族的分类,HKT家族各个基因同源性以及其表达部位等。对HKT的深入研究对提高作物K^＋的利用效率,减少盐渍危害,具有十分重要的意义。     

水稻光温敏雄性核不育系45S不育基因的分子定位

水稻光温敏雄性核不育系45S的育性转换受光长和温度的互补作用调控。对45S（Oryza sativa L．ssp．indica）WC169组合的F2,BC1F1和F2和BC2F2进行不育基因的遗传分析,结果表明45S的育性是由1对隐性不育基因控制。利用SSR分子标记技术,结合BSA和RCA法,以45S与YC169的杂交F2和BC2F2作为分离群体,对不育基因进行定位,结果发现不育基因（暂命名为GTMS）位于RM6378和RM12847之间,遗传距离分别为8．5cM和8．2cM。     

Probiotics-induced Changes in Intestinal Structure and Gut Microbiota Are Associated with Reduced Rate of Pimpled Eggs in the Late Laying Period of Hens

Production of pimpled or sandpaper-shelled eggs (SE) is a major problem in aged hens. Probiotics can improve eggshell quality; however, the relationship between SE production and gut bacteria remains unclear. Here, 1200 450-d-old Hy-line hens were assigned to four groups (300 hens each), with the control group fed basal diet and treatment groups fed basal diet plus 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. After 4 weeks, probiotics significantly decreased the SE rate from 42.51% to 28.02%. To address why probiotics reduced SE rate, the hens that only produced normal eggs (NE) or SE based on a 2-week assessment were assigned to three groups (NE, SE, and SEP groups; 10 hens each), with the NE and SE groups fed a basal diet and SEP group fed a basal diet plus 1000 mg/kg probiotics. After 4 weeks, ileal tissues from eight birds/group were collected for histomorphological and gene expression analyses, and the ileal content was collected from five birds/group for 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. The data showed that probiotics significantly increased the villus length and ratio of villus length to crypt depth. Quantitative PCR analysis indicated that there were no significant differences in the expression of genes related to tight junctions, nutrient transport, and calcium absorption among the groups (except TRPV6, P<0.001). The 16S rDNA sequencing analysis indicated that the alpha-diversity of gut bacteria in the SEP group was the highest among the groups. The Firmicutes phylum was dominant in the NE and SEP groups, whereas the Proteobacteria phylum was dominant in the SE group. Together, these results suggest that probiotics can significantly influence the intestinal structure and composition of the intestinal microbiota, which may lead to a reduction in the SE rate in aged hens.     

新发展格局视域下红色旅游高质量发展研究

将红色文化和旅游相融合,形成红色旅游是新时代旅游业升级转型之路。红色旅游对政治、经济、社会和文化有着较高的价值和效益,但存在品牌效应弱、基础设施不完备、同质化现象严重、服务和管理水平规范化不足等问题。在分析红色旅游内在价值和发展现状及困境的基础上,提出构建新型“红色旅游+乡村振兴”发展模式、沉浸式旅游体验、挖掘红色精神时代价值和推进人才队伍建设等建议,以期为红色旅游的健康发展提供政策支持。     

采后照光处理对富士苹果增色及贮藏的影响

采后人工照光使富士苹果增色的试验结果表明：白色荧光灯照射后果实花青素形成量最多;８℃和 ２０℃下果实花青素形成最快,２℃下最慢,但形成量最多;８０ Ｗ照射果实花青素形成量大于４０ Ｗ照射;２℃和 ８℃下采用白色荧光灯分别照射 １２０、１９２ｈ,可使果实照光面 １００％着色。对果实随后的低温贮藏无显著不良影响。     

番茄穴盘育苗苗龄的研究

在穴盘育苗条件下 ,对番茄的适宜苗龄进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,大龄苗〔60d(天 )〕秧苗素质较差 ,前期产量虽高 ,但总产量偏低 ,小龄苗〔30d(天 )〕总产量最高 ,但前期产量低 ,中龄苗〔4 5d(天 )〕则表现秧苗素质好 ,前期产量较高 ,且总产量与小龄苗相比差异不显著 ,具有较高的生产力。     

大兴安岭北部的灰化土

大兴安岭北部,即伊勒呼里山以北的大兴安岭主体部分,大致位于北纬51°20'—53°28',东经121°31'—126°30'之间,是我国的最北端。其地带性土壤类型,过去说法不一,曾有人命名为生草灰化土¹⁾、棕色灰化土、棕色泰加林土²⁾、灰白色森林土(中国科学院内蒙古宁夏综合考察队等,1978)、棕色针叶林土³⁾、漂灰土(中国科学院南京土壤研究所主编,1978)等。     

马哈利樱桃离体茎尖超低温保存的研究

用玻璃化法超低温保存马哈利樱桃;切取经５℃低温驯化３０d的离体茎尖置于固体培养基 （ＭＳ＋０．７mol/Ｌ蔗糖）预培养２４h,在含１mＬ５０％甘油＋５０％蔗糖的保护液中处理８０min后浸入液氮。２５℃水浴快速化冻２min,然后接种到标准培养基上。２１d后调查,茎尖存活率达８４．６％。     

豇豆锈菌夏孢子接种条件的研究

对影响豇豆锈菌夏孢子萌发的基质、温度、光照及接种方法、接种物浓度、接种保湿时间和温度等条件进行了研究。结果表明,豇豆锈菌（Ｕｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｖｉｇｎａｅ）夏孢子在灭菌清水、蒸馏水、１％葡萄糖液、１％蔗糖液、豇豆叶煎煮液和豇豆叶表面均能萌发,结果没有明显差异;在无菌水中２５℃下,最易萌发且以半暗半光条件萌发最好;喷雾法接种效果稍优于浸蘸法,且操作更方便;在２６～２８℃下,发病程度与接种保湿时间呈正相关,以１８～２４ｈ（小时）为佳;接种孢子浓度以３．２４×１０５个·ｍＬ－１为宜,接种最适温度为２３～２６℃。