建立健全新型动物防疫体系的若干思考

建设和完善动物防疫体系,提高动物疫病的防控能力,是实现畜牧业健康稳定发展的前提.《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二〇三五年远景目标的建议》提出:健全动物防疫和农作物病虫害防治体系,为建立健全新型动物防疫体系强化的政策基础.本文重点从机构设置、人员结构、工资待遇等层面阐述了机构改革后动物防疫体系的发...     

Intake and digestibility in sheep and chemical composition during different seasons of some West African browse species

Foliage of Afzelia africana, Pterocarpus erinaceus and Khaya senegalensis, from 10 trees per species, was collected every two weeks during the late dry, rainy and cool season to determine the seasonal effects on chemical composition. Fifteen rams of the Djallonké breed, weighing on average 20.0 kg, were used to evaluate the voluntary intake and digestibility of hay of A. gayanus, foliage of A. africana (as a sole feed), and A. africana, P. erinaceus and K. senegalensis offered with 30% of the diet as A. gayanus hay. The crude protein (CP) content of A. africana, and P. erinaceus decreased significantly from the late dry season to the cool season when that of K. senegalensis tended to increase. The mean CP of A. africana, P. erinaceus and K. senegalensis differed significantly (173 g, 139 g and 114 g/kg DM, respectively). The DM intake of A. africana offered with hay (571 g/d) or as a sole feed (598 g/d) were not significantly different, but was higher than that of P. erinaceus (428 g/d) and K. senegalensis (298 g/d). The digestibility calculated by difference of DM and CP of A. africana (582 g/kg DM and 795 g/kg CP, respectively) did not differ significantly from A. africana as a sole feed, but were higher than for the other species. The nutritive value of A. africana seems to justify the high preference of herders for this species.     

First report of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Neospora caninum</Emphasis> infection in cattle in Sudan

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Sudan to determine sero-prevalence and risk factors associated with Neospora caninum infection in non-vaccinated dairy herds and to assess importance of the disease. Blood samples were collected from a total of 262 animals from 25 herds. Sera were tested for antibodies against N. caninum using ELISA test. The prevalence rates of N. caninum antibodies in cattle were high both at herd level (44%) and at individual animal level (10.7%). Herd level infection rates were similar in Khartoum State (43.7%) and at Gazira States (44.4%). The overall prevalence rates were higher (16.1%) in Gazira State than in Khartoum State (9%) but with no significant variation. The sero-prevalence at individual animal level was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in animals with history of abortion (12.8%) than in apparently healthy animal (11.3%), animal with history of infertility (8.1%), or neonatal death of calves (4.3%). In addition, significantly higher (P < 0.05) sero-prevalence was observed in samples collected during the rainy season (6.87%) than winter (3.05%) or summer (0.76%). However, no significant differences in sero-prevalence due to locality, animal breed, sex, and age were observed (p > 0.05). This preliminary study reveals for the first time the existence of natural N. caninum infection in Sudan. Also, the findings of the present study indicated that this disease is highly prevalent in two major areas of dairy production in the country, and this calls for control strategy to be implemented.     

奶牛环形泰勒焦虫病诊治报告

２０００年６月上旬至７月下旬，我县营子、七贤等乡镇发生一种呈地方性流行或散发的急性奶牛疾病，以高热稽留、体表淋巴结肿大、贫血为主要特征。根据流行病学、临床症状、剖检变化、实验室诊断，确诊为奶牛环形泰勒焦虫（Ｔ．ａｎｎｕｌａｔａ）病，现报告如下：１流行病学从６月上旬开始陆续发病，发病率达２５％，其中死亡２头。该病以一胎母牛多发。经调查，多为带犊由外地购进，本地饲喂时间不足一年。检查牛体，能发现吸饱血或未吸饱血的豆粒大或米粒大牛蜱。２临床症状病牛初期体温上升高达４１℃，稽留热。肩前和鼠蹊淋巴结肿大，…     

奶牛真胃变位发病规律的研究

为了阐明奶牛真胃变位的发病规律，对263例奶牛患有真胃变位的自然病例进行了研究。结果表明：真胃变位的发生与过食精料和高产奶牛有密切关系，2－4胎次体格健壮的、产后30天内的、11月份到来年的5月份奶牛发病率高。     

我国出口观赏鸟血液原虫的调查与分析

通过显微镜检查对来源于全国各地的37种出口观赏鸟进行了血液原虫调查。共检查血样1144份，结果为：血液原虫的检出率为2．1％，主要是血变原虫和／或疟原虫。感染季节以秋冬两季为主，易感鸟品种主要是白腰文鸟、红喉歌鸲、蓝歌鸲、暗绿绣眼鸟、豆冠、白燕、情侣鹦鹉。     

不同投喂方式对革胡子鲶消化酶的影响

在（25±1）℃水温、自然光照条件下,设3种投喂方式饲养革胡子鲶（clarias leath-er）：第1种连续投喂整个试验期间不间断,第2和3种分别连续投喂3、7 d 后饥饿1 d,3种方式分别以R0（对照组）、R1/3、R1/7表示,试验周期共45 d。结果显示：R0、R1/3和R1/7组胃、后肠和肝脏中蛋白酶活性影响差异不显著,但前肠和中肠内蛋白酶活性影响存在差异(P<0.05)。R0、R1/3、R1/7组的胃、前肠、中肠、后肠和肝脏中淀粉酶影响不显著,R0、R1/3、R1/7的胃、前肠和肝脏内脂肪酶活性影响差异显著(P<0.05),而R0、R1/3、R1/7组中肠和后肠中脂肪酶活性影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

东祁连山高寒草甸灌木和牧草营养成分含量季节变化动态

比较分析了高寒草甸和灌丛草甸中分布的几种优势牧草和灌木的营养成分，发现灌木蛋白质含量高，利用价值大，是一种重要的蛋白质饲草资源。     

科尔沁沙地苜蓿根系和根颈特性

播种当年,苜蓿根重和根深因品种、播种期和耕深的不同而变化明显。结果表明,草原2号苜蓿总根量较高,入土较深,而敖汉苜蓿则较低较浅。播期越早根量越高,根系也越深,反之则较差。深耕能促进苜蓿根系的生长发育,增加根量和根深。播期越早根颈越粗,根重越高,分枝也越多,而晚播则下降。随着苜蓿生长年限的增加,根颈随之增粗,但根颈分枝数则以5年生苜蓿居多,尔后呈下降趋势。     

Effect of Fermentation Bed with Spent Mushroom Substrate of Pleurotus eryngii on Weaning Piglets

[Objective] The paper was to investigate effects on fermentation bed temperature,growth performance,diarrhea rate and digestive en-zyme activity of weaning piglets by using spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngii as padding.[Method] A total of 120 weaning piglets(Duroc × Landrace ×Yorkshire) with average initial body weight of(8.0 ±0.5)kg were allocated to five dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design for 42 d,each of which was replicated three times with eight piglets per replicate(half male,half female).The padding for control group was(50% sawdust +50% rice husk);experimental group Ⅰ 100% spent mushroom substrate;experimental group Ⅱ(15% sawdust +15% rice husk +70% spent mushroom substrate);experimental group Ⅲ(25% sawdust +25% rice husk +50% spent mushroom substrate);experimental group Ⅳ(35% sawdust +35% rice husk +30% spent substrate).[Result] There was no significant difference in surface temperature of fermentation bed between experimental groups and control group(P0.05).Compared with the control group,the temperature under 20 cm of fermentation bed in ex-perimental groups I,Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased significantly(P0.05).Except for experimental group Ⅳ,other three experimental groups had higher aver-age daily gain(P0.05) and experimental group Ⅰ had higher average daily feed intake(P0.05) compared to the control group.The diarrhea rate and mortality of weaning piglets in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly decreased compared with the control group(P0.05).Compared with the control group,other three experimental groups had higher digestive enzyme activity in duodenal contents except for experimental group Ⅳ(P0.05).[Conclusion] Spent mushroom substrate of P.eryngii can be used as fermentation bed padding,and the optimal proportion was experimental group Ⅲ.