内燃机排气成分动态检测方法的研究

介绍了采用飞行时间质谱仪动态测量内燃机排气成分的方法。提出了实现动态检测的系统方案，研制开发了高速数据采集系统，给出了性能试验结果。测量并识别了质量数相近的N2和C2H4的谱图，给出了废气成分浓度的动态变化曲线。     

排种器性能检测中种子位置智能检测方法

根据基于计算机视觉的排种器性能检测的特点，提出了基于神经网络的种子位置智能检测方法。采用两个光轴互相垂直的摄像机监测投种规律，并把以矩法求取的质心图像坐标作为输入节点，构造检测种子质心实际坐标的两个神经网络，并行处理左右两幅图像，从而快速求得种子位置。实践表明，此方法不仅能求出种子位置，而且可全面监测种子的运动情况。     

我国植保机械及施药技术现状与发展趋势

阐述了我国植保机械及施药技术的现状,分析了我国施药技术中存在的问题以及与国外植保机械发展水平的差距,并提出了发展趋势。     

固定式喷灌系统喷头经济压力的研究

在能源危机的冲击下，节能已成为广大喷灌工作者共同关心的问题。降低喷灌系统工作压力是节能的主要方法之一，而喷头的工作压力与喷灌系统工作压力紧密相关。本文提出了固定式喷灌系统喷头经济压力的概念及其确定方法，并将此法运用到实例中。在选择经济、合理的喷头及其经济工作压力方面做了有意义的探讨。     

Effect of water deficit in different growth stages on stem sap flux of greenhouse grown pear-jujube tree

The effects of water deficit in different fruit growth stages on the variation of stem sap flux of 6-year old greenhouse-grown pear-jujube trees were investigated. Treatments included sufficient water supply during the whole fruit-growing period (T₁), mild water deficit during the flowering–fruit setting stage (T₂), moderate water deficit during the fruit rapid growth stage (T₃) and severe water deficit during the fruit maturing stage (T₄). Results showed that significant compensation effect on stem sap flux after re-watering was observed in T₂, but not in T₃ and T₄ stages. At the end of rapid growth stage, the diurnal variation of stomatal conductance generally had a similar trend as that of stem sap flux, but with a distinct midday depression from 12:00 to 14:00 p.m. In addition, a linear relationship between the relative available soil water content (RAWC) and the ratio of daily stem sap flux to that of sufficient water treatment was observed (R² = 0.4489).     

“WaterMan”: an on-farm water management game with heuristic capabilities

A modern computer-based simulation tool (WaterMan) in the form of a game for on-farm water management was developed for application in training events for farmers, students, and irrigators. The WaterMan game utilizes an interactive framework, thereby allowing the user to develop scenarios and test alternatives in a convenient, risk-free environment. It includes a comprehensive soil water and salt balance calculation algorithm. It also employs heuristic capabilities for modeling all of the important aspects of on-farm water management, and to provide quantitative performance evaluations and practical water management advice to the trainees. Random events (both favorable and unfavorable) and different strategic decisions are included in the game for more realism and to provide an appropriate level of challenge according to player performance. Thus, the ability to anticipate the player skill level, and to reply with random events appropriate to the anticipated level, is provided by the heuristic capabilities used in the software. These heuristic features were developed based on a combination of two artificial intelligence approaches: (1) a pattern recognition approach and (2) reinforcement learning based on a Markov decision processes approach, specifically the Q-learning method. These two approaches were combined in a new way to account for the difference in the effect of actions taken by the player and action taken by the system in the game world. The reward function for the Q-learning method was modified to reflect the suggested classification of the WaterMan game as what is referred to as a partially competitive and partially cooperative game.     

油葵收获割台工作性能仿真及试验研究

为研究油葵收获割台在工作过程中的性能与可靠性,得到该割台正常工作时的关键参数,利用SOLIDWORKS对割台进行三维参数化建模并导入ADAMS中进行运动学仿真,得到收获时茎秆受力和摆动程度的仿真结果并进行正交组合分析,仿真和分析结果表明:割台正常工作最优参数的组合是拉茎辊转速800 r/min、机器的行驶速度2.12 km/h、拉茎间隙10 mm、拉茎辊的倾角20°,同时往复切割刀的切割速度2 m/s时茎秆的受力最小,通过田间试验发现整个收获过程籽粒损失率≤3%,喂入输送绞龙的茎秆较短,收获可靠性较好,结果表明该割台适合油葵的机械化收获。     

地基差异沉降时管道的纵向力学性状分析

软土地基的不均匀沉降将导致管道纵向力学性状的变化，产生破坏管道的应力响应，从而引发工程事故。针对地基产生差异沉降的实际管道，通过建立较为合理的力学模型，分析其受力特性，计算管道上的最大挠度、转角、弯矩及确定出应力集中的危险受力区域。通过对该结果的研究，绘制相应关系曲线，为解决由于地基不均匀沉降引起的管道渗漏和爆管等问题提供了一定的理论依据。     

因地制宜发展安徽节水灌溉

分析了当前灌溉工作中存在的一些问题，提出了发展节水灌溉要遵循的原则，阐述了安徽省不同地区发展节水灌溉的指导思想和主要措施。     

黄土高原半干旱区退耕还林对土壤微量元素的影响

为了探明黄土高原半干旱区退耕还林对土壤微量元素(Cu、Zn、Mn、Mo、Fe)含量的影响及其与影响因子间的关系,以甘肃省关川河流域退耕还林地和农地为研究对象,使用有效性评价、通径分析等方法研究土壤微量元素与土壤环境变量间的关系。结果表明:退耕后土壤微量元素含量随土层深度增加而减少,在表层土壤中呈一定的富集现象。退耕地Cu、Mn、Mo的有效性指数高于Zn、Fe,侧柏林地有效性综合指数高于云杉林地。偏相关分析显示,退耕还林区土壤微量元素有效态含量的主要影响因素为土壤有机质、全钾、全氮与土壤含水率;回归分析显示,土壤环境因子可解释38.1%~73.8%有关土壤微量元素含量的变异;通径分析表明,土壤全钾对土壤微量元素的直接作用最大,土壤全氮对微量元素的间接作用最大;决策分析表明,土壤全钾与土壤有机质是退耕还林区微量元素含量的决策变量,而土壤含水率是土壤微量元素的限制变量。