描述农村劳动力转移状况的分室模型

为了分析农业化发展速度与农村劳动力转移速度之间的关系，本文肖试性地把史密斯提出的生态系统分室模型用于描述第一，第二，第三产业劳动力数量相互转移物动态变化中，提出了劳动力结构分室模型，为探讨农业机械化客观发展规律提供了构模思路。     

HSI颜色空间中植物叶脉信息提取的研究

针对植物叶脉复杂多变导致叶脉信息提取困难的问题,提出在HSI颜色空间中提取叶脉信息的方法.该方法根据植物叶图像在HSI颜色空间中色度H的分布,把植物叶分为单色叶和对比色叶两类;然后利用色度分量H提取对比色叶的叶脉信息,对于单色叶则采用色度分量H和亮度分量I特征融合的方法提取.实验结果证明,该方法能有效提取各种类型的叶脉信息,为下一步植物叶的识别打下良好的基础.     

4SY-2型油菜割晒机设计与试验

设计了与联合收获机底盘配套,适合于我国南方小面积移栽油菜的4SY-2型油菜割晒机,分析和确定了拨禾轮、切割装置、输送和铺放装置等关键部件的结构参数.田间试验表明:油菜割晒作业时茎秆铺放角小于或等于30°,铺放角度差小于或等于15°,割晒总损失率小于或等于2%.     

叶轮口环间隙对农用离心泵汽蚀性能的影响

通过对农用离心泵的汽蚀性能进行介绍,建立了离心泵汽蚀余量的理论计算方程,并分析了汽蚀余量与叶轮口环间隙大小之间的关系.在此基础上,选用RNG k-ε湍流模型,局部网格加密技术和有限体积算法对LZA50-3400离心泵在Fluent软件中进行数值模拟,探讨了在改变叶轮口环间隙大小情况下液体进口处流场的流态特征.通过流场比较分析可以看出,离心泵叶轮口环间隙越小,则过流面积越大.这有利于改善入口流态,所以汽蚀性能也就越好.最后,在试验机上对CFD模拟的结果进行试验检测,试验数据与数值模拟分析的结果基本一致,可靠的研究结论可以为农用离心泵口环结构的研究和设计提供一定的理论依据.     

Simulations of storm hydrographs in a mixed-landuse watershed using a modified TR-20 model

Most flood damage in Korea is caused by heavy rainfall events and typhoons during the summer rainy season. A modified Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) TR-20 model, TR-20-RICE, was developed to investigate the storm runoff characteristics of a 385-ha mixed-landuse watershed in Korea. The TR-20-RICE not only used the rainfall excess and hydrologic flood routing components of the original TR-20 model, but also included a paddy runoff process, which captured irrigated paddy runoff characteristics such as inundation, retention storage, and surface runoff. The performances of TR-20 and TR-20-RICE were compared using storm hydrographs and observational data. The results indicated that both models simulated storm runoff accurately over the simulation period. The TR-20-RICE runoff volume, peak discharge, and time-to-peak predictions were slightly closer to observations than those of the TR-20. The TR-20-RICE model may an effective alternative to the TR-20 model for generating storm hydrographs, particularly in the mixed-landuse watershed in Korea.     

Evaluation of mulched drip irrigation for cotton in arid Northwest China

Field experiments were conducted in arid Southern Xinjiang, Northwest China, for 3 years to evaluate sustainable irrigation regimes for cotton. The experiments involved mulched drip irrigation during the growing season and flood irrigation afterward. The drip irrigation experiments included control experiments, experiments with deficit irrigation during one crop growth stage, and alternative irrigation schemes in which freshwater was used during one growth stage and relatively saline water in the others. The average cotton yield over 3 years varied between 3,575 and 5,095 kg/ha, and the irrigation water productivity between 0.91 and 1.16 kg/m³. Crop sensitivities to water stress during the different growth stages ranged from early flowering-belling (most sensitive) > seedling > budding > late flowering-belling (least sensitive), while sensitivities to salt stress ranged from late flowering-belling > budding > seedling > early flowering-belling. Although mulched drip irrigation during the growing season caused an increase in salinity in the root zone, flood irrigation after harvesting leached the accumulated salts to below background levels. Numerical simulations, based on the 3-year experiments and extended by another 20 years, suggest that mulched drip irrigation using alternatively fresh and brackish water during the growing season and flood irrigation with freshwater after harvesting is a sustainable irrigation practice that should not lead to soil salinization.     

车用汽油机噪声源的声强测量识别

运用声强测试技术的双传声器法原理,对一台车用汽油发动机在半消声室内进行了声强测量。根据声强测量的结果绘制声强云图和各个测量面上的主要频率成分的噪声声强云图。分析这些声强云图的特征和发动机部件在空间上的对应关系,对发动机的主要噪声源进行了识别研究。     

基于模糊评价的可重构制造系统生产计划制订方法

为快速合理地确定可重构制造系统新构形的生产任务,提出了一种生产计划制订方法。首先建立适合可重构制造系统的产品评价指标体系,运用模糊数学的理论和方法,对市场上同时出现的多种新产品进行评价,以选出适合于制造系统新构形的生产对象。在此基础上,构建了可重构制造系统生产计划的目标规划模型,并采用序贯式算法进行求解,从而制订出可重构制造系统的最优生产计划。     

玉米精播机漏播补偿系统设计

目前玉米免耕播种机的播种质量仍低于常规播种。本文讨论了微机控制的排种监测及漏播补偿装置，通过机电结合手段解决漏播问题。台架试验表明本装置能够准确发现漏播，并通过采取的措施实现及时补种，补种成功率可达90％以上。     

水井酸处理效果预测研究

水井酸处理效果预测一直缺乏成熟的方法。提出了根据水位恢复曲线形态和含水层裂隙特征来预测井的首次酸处理效果，经与石油界所用方法有明显不同。石油界普遍认为，只有不位恢复曲线为快速上翘型的低产碳酸盐岩井才适合酸处理（即基质酸化），但作者近年来发现，多数水位恢复曲线为直线型的低产碳酸盐岩井，即井中含水层裂隙平均宽度＜5mm的井，酸处理效果也很好，被调查3眼这类井的单位涌水量增加值平均为423％；水位恢复曲线为缓慢上翘型的井中，部分含水层裂隙被松散物充填的井，采用特殊的酸处理方法处理后，井的单位涌水量可增加100％。另外，采用适当的方法，使用足够数量的酸进行首次酸处理后，水井再进行酸处理一般效果都很差。