有机硒对雄性昆明小鼠繁殖性能影响的研究

将试验小白鼠随机分为6组,对照组(0.15 mg/kg)、缺硒组(0.01 mg/kg)、低硒组(0.16 mg/kg)、中硒组(0.31 mg/kg)和高硒组(0.61 mg/kg),试验鼠自由采食。待成功建立缺硒及各剂量组动物模型后,测定试验鼠肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和雄性小鼠繁殖性能的指标(精液品质—畸形率、顶体反应、渗透性)。试验结果显示,在第9周末成功建立缺硒动物模型;补硒各组的生殖脏器指数与对照组间无显著差异,但与缺硒组差异显著或极显著;缺硒组精子活力仅23.1%±2.3%,精子畸形率达57.9%±0.3%,顶体完整率仅47.0%±6.3%,低渗膨胀率为43.8%±2.1%,产仔率为0,均与其它各组差异极显著;补硒组精子活力和活率均有加强,且除低渗膨胀率外,其它繁殖指标均与对照组差异显著或极显著。缺硒导致雄性小鼠生长受阻及繁殖性能降低,含硒化合物,尤其是有机硒化合物有增强繁殖性能的作用,且安全剂量范围内的高剂量组的促进作用更为明显。     

动物季节性繁殖调控的研究进展

就有关动物季节性繁殖密切相关的促性腺激素释放激素、褪黑素及kisspeptin在动物季节性繁殖调控中的作用进行了探讨。     

东方田鼠组织与血清中抗日本血吸虫相关蛋白的分离与筛选

本试验以兔、牛、人及感染日本血吸虫后小鼠血清蛋白为对照,分别提取东方田鼠和小鼠的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、肌肉、皮肤、骨髓和脑组织蛋白,进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,综合比较和筛选东方田鼠组织及血清中潜在的抗日本血吸虫相关蛋白组分。结果表明,随着感染日龄的增加,小鼠在感染日本血吸虫后12和45 d,其血清中85 ku附近蛋白质条带较东方田鼠表达量明显上调,且有继续升高的趋势;东方田鼠肝脏及血清中150 ku组分蛋白电泳条带与其他动物相同组织中相应蛋白质在表达量存在显著差异,蛋白质表达丰度高,该蛋白质组分可能与东方田鼠抗日本血吸虫作用相关。     

昆明地区几种混播草坪质量评价及组合优化

为优化、筛选适合昆明地区观赏及运动场草坪混播组合,对当地表现良好的草坪草进行混播建坪,在幼坪和成坪阶段分别观测相关指标,用模糊数学综合评判法评定草坪质量,按照5级分级法评定标准,评判结果为:Z5组合(草地早熟禾肯塔基60%+紫羊茅宝瑞40%),草坪质量较好,达到I级标准;Z4组合(草地早熟禾肯塔基70%+匍匐翦股颖普特30%)、Z1组合(草地早熟禾肯塔基40%+高羊茅红象30%+多年生黑麦草匹克威30%)、Z2组合(高羊茅红象80%+草地早熟禾肯塔基20%)和Z6组合(草地早熟禾优异25%+草地早熟禾蓝月25%+草地早熟禾新哥来德25%+草地早熟禾肯塔基25%),草坪质量尚可,达到Ⅲ级标准;Z3组合(草地早熟禾肯塔基50%+普通狗牙根30%+多年生黑麦草匹克威20%),草坪质量差,仅达到Ⅳ级标准。其中,Z1组合是运动场草坪的最优组合,Z5组合是观赏草坪的最优组合,其草坪质量综合评价值分别达到0.677和0.881,高于实际应用值0.600。     

Expression kinetics of chicken β2-microglobulin and Class I MHC in vitro and in vivo during Marek’s disease viral infections

Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is a highly cell-associated herpesvirus that causes a disease in chickens characterized by tumor formation and immunosuppression. The changes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression in different MDV-infected cells are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of the Class I MHC and β2-microglobulin (β2m) genes in response to MDV infection at different time points by real-time PCR. In both in vitro and in vivo, the expression levels of Class I MHC and β2m genes were upregulated during early MDV infections in comparison to control cells; We also found that the expression of Class I MHC gene was downregulated in BudR (5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine)-treated MSB1 cells at 48 h and MDV-infected chicken embryo fibroblast cells (CEF) at 120 and 168 h post infection (hpi); Furthermore, compared to control groups, Class I MHC and β2m expression levels were downregulated in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLC) from MDV-infected chickens at 14 and 28 days post infection (dpi); Interestingly, both Class I MHC and β2m gene expression levels increased again in PBLC from MDV RB1B-infected chickens at 35 dpi, in which MDV was in the latent or transformed infection stages. In addition, Class I MHC expression was clearly decreased in MDV-infected CEF at 120 hpi although β2m expression was significantly increased. These changes in Class I MHC and β2m gene expression might provide more insights into host-virus interaction.     

干旱灌区次生盐渍化土壤红花配方施肥研究

在干旱次生盐渍化土壤条件下,采用“3414”配方施肥方案,研究了氮、磷、钾配施对红花产量构成因子的影响。结果表明,配方施肥对红花株高、分枝高、单株花球数、花冠和籽粒产量均有显著影响,其中以配施N 180 kg/hm²、P 90 kg/hm²、K 120 kg/hm²的处理N₂ P₂ K₂红花花冠和籽粒产量最高。分别对红花花冠产量和红花籽粒产量与氮、磷、钾肥料的相关性进行回归分析,均达到显著水平。在干旱灌区次生盐渍化土壤上,红花花冠理论最高产量为667.98 kg/hm²,最佳施肥量为N 150.59 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 93.09 kg/hm²、K₂O 98.75 kg/hm²;红花籽粒理论最高产量为2 644.47 kg/hm²,最佳施肥量为N 169.50 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 94.60 kg/hm²、K₂O 102.75 kg/hm²。     

饲用β-甘露聚糖酶的研究及应用

β-甘露聚糖酶是最重要的饲用酶制剂之一,是一种新型饲料添加剂。添加β-甘露聚糖酶主要有促进动物生长,预防动物疾病;提高动物的饲料转化效率;减少粪便排泄,减轻环境污染等作用。作者从β-甘露聚糖酶的来源、理化性质、作用机理及其在动物生产中的应用4个方面阐述了饲用β-甘露聚糖酶的研究及应用。     

不同植物生长延缓剂和除草剂对苜蓿/玉米套作系统产量和种间竞争的影响

为解决夏季在单作紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)田中套作青贮玉米(Zea mays)后苜蓿和苗期玉米种间竞争的问题,于2018–2019年在套播青贮玉米后对苜蓿喷施3种植物生长延缓剂(调环酸钙、多效唑和甲哌鎓)和两种玉米田除草剂(丁异莠去津和异丙甲草胺),分析其对苜蓿和玉米种间竞争和系统生产力的影响.结果表明:植物生长延缓剂和除草剂混施没有交互作用;除2019年多效唑增加套作期间苜蓿的产量外,与清水对照(CK)相比,3种植物生长延缓剂对苜蓿的抑制作用不显著(P>0.05),未能改变苜蓿、玉米以及系统的总产量.与CK相比,除草剂丁异莠去津对苜蓿的抑制作用显著(P<0.05),降低了苜蓿再生初期的株高、叶绿素含量和套作期间的产量,显著增加了套作玉米的产量(P<0.05),但对苜蓿第2年春季的生长也造成了影响,导致2019年系统总产量和食物当量值显著降低(P<0.05).异丙甲草胺处理玉米、苜蓿的产量与CK差异不显著(P>0.05),但对苜蓿春季产量有提高作用,系统总产量和食物当量值有升高的趋势.本研究采用的植物生长延缓剂和除草剂均未能达到在保证系统生产力的前提下短期有效抑制苜蓿再生、缓解苜蓿与套作玉米苗期的竞争的目的.     

塔里木河下游生态输水对草地恢复的影响

结合塔里木河下游生态输水,通过对植被和地下水的监测,分析了输水对下游草地恢复的影响。结果显示:随着生态输水,塔里木河下游输水河道附近地下水位大幅升高,下游草地也出现明显的生态恢复,主要表现在植被种类和草地覆盖度的变化。但是由于不同草本植物对地下水位的适应程度不同,距河道不同距离植物响应的程度不同。而对于因河水漫溢出现的恢复区,其植被种类和覆盖度表现与因地下水升高而恢复的区域差异较大,说明不同输水方式对草地生态恢复的影响程度不同。     

The need for built-in validation of surveillance data so that changes in diagnostic performance of post-mortem meat inspection can be detected

Time trends in animal-disease surveillance often are evaluated on the basis of crude estimates of apparent prevalence. In addition to possible changes in the true prevalence of the condition, changes in apparent prevalence over time might reflect changes in sensitivity and/or specificity of the diagnostic classification used. To illustrate this, comparative post-mortem meat inspection data from four Danish slaughter plants sampled in 1993-1994 and 1997-1998 were used to obtain latent-class model estimates of the sensitivity and specificity of traditional and extended post-mortem meat inspection of visceral and parietal chronic pleuritis (CP), respectively.True prevalence of CP was estimated for each study period and slaughter plant by latent-class models. Estimated sensitivities of traditional post-mortem meat (TPM) inspection ranged from 28.8 to 61.4% (1993-1994) and 39.2 to 87.3% (1997-1998). An increase in sensitivity with time was seen for all slaughter plants. Estimated sensitivities of extended post-mortem meat (EPM) inspection ranged from 85.7 to 94.8% (1993-1994) and 73.8 to 93.0% (1997-1998). All estimated specificities were >93.3%.The possible association of the estimated true prevalence of CP with time (1993-1994 versus 1997-1998) was investigated with a logistic-regression model with random effects. A slight, but non-significant decrease in the odds of CP from 1994 to 1998 was found (odds ratio=0.9).In this and similar situations, one should consider conducting ongoing double-classification of samples of units followed by statistical estimation of true prevalences, sensitivities and specificities, so that decisions can be based on such estimates rather than on crude apparent prevalences.