我国养殖业生物安全现状与对策

本首先对生物安全的概念、内容作了阐述，同时从动物疫病的形势与生态环境状况，诸如疫病流行特征变化、养殖模式对疫病流行的影响、混合感染的增多、新病的增多、人兽共患病的增多、兽药管理使用混知己以及生态环境恶化、药残超限严重和动物与动物产品安全低下等方面对大陆地区养殖业生物安全作了介绍和评论。继而提出了一些改革对策，诸如对兽医的再认识、全面改革现行兽医管理体制以建立官方与私人兽医、推行规模化私有制和合作联营制生产经营模式，以及呼吁国家和养殖业要正视动物与动物产品的安全性，促使我国养殖业的持续发展。     

农药登记药效资料评审常见问题分析

本文简要介绍了农药登记生物学评价的基本内容、资料要求与评审程序,针对农药登记药效资料评审中的一些典型问题进行归纳和分析,并对登记申请人员正确准备和提交药效资料提出建议。     

中国棕榈藤业的能力建设

阐述了中国棕榈藤业在国际贸易、组织机构、科研知识、种质资源收集保存和知识传播等方面的建设成绩,分析仍然存在的问题并提出增强产品设计和创新竞争力、稳定国际市场、开拓国内市场、建立棕榈藤种植补偿机制等建议。     

塔拉在我国的综合利用及开发研究现状

综述了塔拉自引进至我国后的综合利用和发展现状,并对其中的几个开发产品进行了介绍。     

Investigation of the effects of bark fiber as core material and its resin content on three-layer MDF performance by response surface methodology

The effects of using 100% black spruce (Picea mariana) bark fibers as core layer material accounting for up to 70% of the board and its resin content (between 6 and 10%) on the properties of three-layer medium-density fiberboard (MDF) were investigated using a full factorial experimental design with two independent variables and three levels. Five response variables, namely internal bond strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, thickness swelling and water absorption were statistically analyzed using a response surface methodology and two-way analysis of variance. The effects of the proportion of core layer (bark fibers) and its resin content on panel properties were significant. All properties studied were positively affected by increasing core layer resin content. The effects of the proportion of core layer (bark fibers) on mechanical properties and water absorption were negative, but positive on thickness swelling. Simultaneous optimization of panel properties indicated that at a density of 850 kg/m³, a three-layer MDF with a core layer resin content of 6.5%, a face resin content of 12 and 60% of core layer proportion (spruce bark fibers) would satisfy the minimum requirements of ANSI standard for 130-grade MDF. Overall, black spruce bark, a major residue source in the Eastern Canada, should be considered as a supplemental furnish for the core layer materials of a three-layer MDF.     

大米胶稠度近红外光谱分析数学模型的建立

胶稠度是评价大米蒸煮食用品质的重要指标之一。研究了运用近红外光谱分析技术检测大米胶稠度的测试原理，对60个样品的光谱数据用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了测定大米胶稠度的数学模型，其回判结果与化学分析值之间的相关系数为0.95，建模标准差为0.66；用41个样品对建立的数学模型进行了交叉验证，其检测结果与用标准化学分析方法测得结果的相关系数达0.92，预测标准差为0.78。试验证明，可以利用近红外光谱分析技术对大米胶稠度进行快速检测。     

花生喷水灌溉技术的研究

山东省花生１１００万亩，尚有７０％无灌溉条件。多数地处低山丘陵区，干旱是山东省花生生产的主要制约因素．通过研究明确，亩产２５０－４５０公斤中熟大花生需水量为４８０－８００毫米。经过需水量与亩产等方面相关分析，得出各阶段需水率和需水强度、花生各发育期土壤水分适宜范围，提出花生适宜灌溉方式以移动式喷灌磁化水为好，并提出花生喷灌工程规划设计基本参数。以及提供配套工程及技术要点。     

小麦条锈病菌(Puccinia striiformis West.)夏孢子一次传播的空间分布

通过田间试验,研究了小麦条锈病中心病株上夏孢子在风向不变的一段时间内,气流传播的二维空间分布。优用模型 E=exp(A—BD~n)拟合叶面孢子着落量(Z)随距离(D)增加而递减。在试验条件下,以 n=1拟合最好。建立了 A 因初始菌量(S)和平均风速(W)、B 因平均风速而变的预测模型。根据田间病情分布形状推断,孢子的二维分布形状近似椭园形,并可假设抱子与风向垂直的横向分布为正态分布。孢子横向扩散程度受大气稳定度和初始菌量的影响,用椭园率(E)描述孢子的横向扩散程度,用初始菌量和平均风速建立了估计离心率的模型。采用正态分布密度函数与梯度模型 y=A-BD~n[y=Ln(Z)]组建了孢子密度二维空间分布的模型。     

Sargachromenol Isolated from Sargassum horneri Attenuates Glutamate-Induced Neuronal Cell Death and Oxidative Stress through Inhibition of MAPK/NF-κB and Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway

Oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell loss is considered to be the major mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, which could be induced by a high concentration of glutamate. In this study, sargachromenol (SC) was isolated from a marine brown seaweed Sargassum horneri (S. horneri) and its neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells were investigated. An MTT assay was applied to assess the cytotoxicity of the SC, and the efficacies of SC were determined by flow cytometry, an analysis of ROS production, quantitative Real-Time PCR, and the Western blot assay. Our results showed that the pretreatment of SC reduced glutamate-induced apoptosis in HT22 cells via inhibiting the sub-G₁ population, DNA fragmentation, and nuclear condensation, as well as up-regulating anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) and down-regulating apoptotic proteins (Bax, p53, cleaved-PARP, caspase-3, caspase-9, and cytochrome c). Additionally, SC attenuated glutamate-induced oxidative stress by suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs;ERK, JNK, and p38) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling (IκBα and NF-κB p65), while activating nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) signaling (Nrf2; HO-1, and NQO-1). Our results suggest that SC could be used as a pharmacological candidate for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.