Bats adjust temporal parameters of echolocation pulses but not those of communication calls in response to traffic noise

Many studies based on acute short‐term noise exposure have demonstrated that animals can adjust their vocalizations in response to ambient noise. However, the effects of chronic noise over a relatively long time scale of multiple days remain largely unclear. Bats rely mainly on acoustic signals for perception of environmental and social communication. Nearly all previous studies on noise‐induced vocal adjustments have focused on echolocation pulse sounds. Relatively little is known regarding the effects of noise on social communication calls. Here, we examined the dynamic changes in the temporal parameters of echolocation and communication vocalizations of Vespertilio sinensis when exposed to traffic noise over multiple days. We found that the bats started to modify their echolocation vocalizations on the fourth day of noise exposure, with an increase of 42–91% in the total number of pulse sequences per day. Under noisy conditions, the number of pulses within a pulse sequence decreased by an average of 17.2%, resulting in a significantly slower number of pulses/sequence (P < 0.001). However, there was little change in the duration of a pulse sequence. These parameters were not significantly adjusted in most communication vocalizations under the noise condition (all P > 0.05), except that the duration decreased and the number of syllables/sequences increased in 1 type of communicative vocalization (P < 0.05). This study suggests that bats routinely adjust temporal parameters of echolocation but rarely of communication vocalizations in response to noise condition.     

甘蓝型油菜黄籽高含油量育种资源遗传多样性分析

以2份白菜型油菜为对照,用SRAP标记研究了57份甘蓝型油菜黄籽高油育种资源的遗传关系。在遗传相似系数0.682处,可将59份材料分为3类:两份白菜型油菜聚为一类;甘蓝型油菜除选系Y58单独聚为一类外,其他所有选系归为另一类,显示黄籽高油育种资源遗传基础较窄。在遗传相似性系数0.738处,又可将57份甘蓝型油菜分为6个亚类,其中53份材料归为两个大的亚类,系谱或亲缘关系较近的材料一般聚在同一亚类,且按系谱关系比地理来源划分明显,提示地理来源配制强优势黄籽高油杂交组合可靠性可能不如按系谱来源。     

数种驱虫药和化学药物对体内外鸡蛔虫产卵和虫卵发育的影响

为鉴定男性不育药和有些驱虫药对寄生蠕虫的不育作用,对培养在试管内的鸡蛔虫和卵胚,以及人工感染蛔虫的鸡分别进行了体内和体外试验。棉酚和硝基呋喃类的呋喃唑酮、呋喃西林、S_(73031)和S_(72055)均无抑制产卵和卵胚发育的作用,苯并咪唑类的丙硫咪唑、甲苯咪唑和噻苯咪唑以及吩噻嗪均有抑制产卵和卵胚发育的作用,它们的EMIC_(50)分别为0.006,1.326,0.029和0.052ppm。抑制产卵所需浓度远大于抑制卵胚发育所需浓度。吡喹酮和硫双二氯酚也不具有抑制产卵和卵胚成熟的作用。放线菌酮仅对试管内蛔虫有抑制产卵作用,但对体内蛔虫却无影响。     

Interpopulation and intrapopulation maternal lineage genetics of the Lanyu pig (Sus scrofa) by analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b and control region sequences

The Lanyu pig is an indigenous breed from the Lanyu Islet, which is southeast of Taiwan. Two herds of Lanyu pigs were introduced from the Lanyu Islet into Taiwan in 1975 and 1980. The current population of conserved Lanyu pigs consists of only 44 animals with unknown genetic lineage. The Lanyu pig possesses a distinct maternal genetic lineage remote from Asian and European pigs. The present study aimed to understand the phylogenetic relationship among conserved Lanyu, Asian, and European type pigs based on the cytochrome b coding gene, to ascertain the maternal lineage and genetic diversity within the conserved Lanyu pigs, and to address whether genetic introgression from exotic or Formosan wild pigs had occurred in the conserved Lanyu pigs. Entire mitochondrial genomes of both types of Lanyu pig comprised 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA, and 13 protein-coding genes. Only 2 haplotypes of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and cytochrome b were identified in the conserved Lanyu pig herds. When maximum likelihood trees were constructed, the Type I Lanyu mitochondrial genes formed a unique clade with a large pairwise distance of both cytochrome b and the control region from Asian and European type breeds, Formosan wild pigs, and exotic breeds. Significant loss of genetic diversity of mtDNA within the conserved Lanyu pigs was demonstrated by low haplotype and nucleotide diversities, supported by Fu and Li's D* neutrality test (1.44055; P < 0.05). The mtDNA control region sequences of extant pigs in the Lanyu Islet, however, showed high haplotype and nucleotide diversity, and clustered with exotic pigs. These results indicate no maternal lineage mtD-NA gene introgression from Formosan wild pigs and introduced exotic pigs to conserved Type I Lanyu pigs, and a severe loss of heterozygosity of mtDNA in conserved Lanyu pigs. The remaining extant pigs on the Lanyu Islet have been introgressed with exotic breeds. Strategies for future conservation of native Lanyu pigs are now even more urgent and important.     

环丙沙星对水产动物气单胞菌的药效学研究

环丙沙星为第三代步诺酮类药,是一种安全。高效的抗菌剂。该药对临床分离的几株致病性气单胞菌的最小抑制浓度（MIC）为0.0098μg/ml。人工感染治疗试验表明,该药以1mg/（kg.d）剂量灌服,连用5天,能有效控制鲫鱼败血症的暴发。     

一起猪球虫病感染诊断与防治措施

本文通过对湖南省岳阳市君山区某养猪场的10kg以下的发病仔猪进行临床症状观察和实验室诊断,确诊为猪球虫病。通过采用内服妥曲株利进行治疗,有效控制了病情。     

锡林郭勒盟草原三维数字模型的建立

为了推动草原信息化管理的进一步发展,本研究基于现代化信息技术,主要运用3D-GIS技术、遥感技术、仿真技术等相关技术,以具有典型草原代表性的锡林郭勒盟为示范区,建立了虚拟草原三维数字模型。该研究首先依据草地生态学原理,对草原生态系统信息数据(基础图件及属性数据)进行筛选;然后对筛选后的空间数据进行叠加并建立其与属性数据的关联;最后将草原生态信息镶嵌于三维数字模型之中,实现了在草原三维数字模型中进行草原生态信息查询分析功能。结果表明,运用C/C++语言调用OpenGL图形库从底层开发的草原三维数字模型快捷稳定,渲染速度快,可方便地动态查询示范区草原地理信息,为进一步地研究三维虚拟草原提供技术支持。     

益生菌对宿主机体免疫调节作用研究进展

益生菌是一类对宿主机体健康有益的低致病性或无致病性微生物。大量研究表明,益生菌能够维持宿主肠道菌群平衡,作用于肠道黏膜免疫系统,引起体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,从而调节机体的免疫功能。就益生菌的免疫调节作用途径,及其对机体体液免疫和细胞免疫的影响进行了综述。     

铁路兽医工作历史与现状的思考

<正>铁路兽医是我国最早从事动物及其产品检疫工作的兽医队伍之一,具有悠久历史和辉煌成绩。追溯其发展历程,早在东北解放初期的1948年,随着东北铁路管理总局的成立,就在总局下设的医务卫生处内设立     

多重PCR诊断猪细小病毒、伪狂犬病毒和圆环病毒Ⅱ型方法的建立和应用

根据GenBank中已发表的猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)和猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(PCV2)等3种病毒基因序列,对各病毒基因区进行同源性分析,确定PPV VP2、PRV gB、PCV2 ORF1基因的保守区为各病毒的诊断靶序列.在建立各病毒单重PCR技术的基础上,优化多重PCR反应条件,建立了三种病毒的多重PCR技术.用78份临床病料对本研究多重PCR技术和单重PCR技术进行对比验证,结果显示,总符合率为97.4%以上.该方法特异性强、敏感性高,为PPV、PRV和PCV2临床诊断和流行病学调查等研究提供了新手段.