巢式-多重RT-Reahime PCR检测马铃薯黑环斑病毒的研究

马铃薯黑环斑病毒(Potato black ringspot virus,PBRSV)是马铃薯重要病毒病害之一.本研究根据PBRSV基因组中RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶(RDRP)保守序列,设计合成了两对巢式PCR引物和1条TaqMAN荧光探针,建立了巢式-多重RT-Realtime PCR检测PBRSV的新方法.该方法采用E.Z.N.ATM珊试剂盒快速提取植物总RNA,并有机地结合了巢式PCR、多重PCR和探针检测技术.实验结果表明,该方法检测灵敏度可达450fg/μL植物总RNA.利用4对引物和1条TaqMAN探针对PCR阳性产物进行确认,本方法检测的准确性、灵敏度比巢式PCR、单重Realtime PCR等方法高.     

Operational Parameters for Composting Night Soil in Korea

Recently composting of organic wastes started to gain popularity in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of operational parameters on night soil composting. Operational parameters investigated included compost recycle ratio and temperature control. Lab-scale composting reactors were used in this study. At the recycle ratio of 10 percent, reduction of both volatile solids and moisture content was greater than that at the recycle ratio of 0 percent and 30 percent. This result means that composting reaction was the most active at 10 percent recycle ratio. Temperature control played a important role in the night soil composting process. The greatest decrease in volatile solids was observed when the temperature of composting process was set below 60°C. Also, the amount of CO₂ evolved was the greatest when the maximum temperature was set below 60°C. Kinetic study indicated that first order kinetics described volatile solids reduction very well.     

中原经济区的农机化、农业经济与粮食增产-基于重心理论

利用经济重心的计算方法,对河南省1997-2011年农业增加值、农用机械总动力、粮食作物播种面积和粮食总产量等4个指标的重心进行了计算,并对重心转移状况加以分析。结果表明：河南省粮食播种面积重心基本保持平稳;河南省农业机械总动力重心总体朝南移动;农业机械化与农业经济发展之间不存在显著正相关关系,粮食增量与农村经济发展需要通过其他途径来实现;河南省农村经济差异总体较小,尤其豫南和豫北地区农业经济发展基本均衡;类似于非典型性肺炎的重大社会灾害也会对农业经济造成危害。     

润物细无声——浅谈农村基础教育中的班主任工作

当今农村,贵州农村整体贫困,大人对孩子的学习总体期望值较低,将孩子的学业定位在完成九年义务教育,将孩子的前途定位在外出打工上。加之监护人年龄大,文盲比例高,教育管理上弊端较多．学校是学生生活学习的主要场所,班主任在学校管理中,扮演一个非常重要的角色,本文对农村基础教育中的班主任工作进行了探讨。     

Water- and plant-mediated responses of soil respiration to topography,fire, and nitrogen fertilization in a semiarid grassland in northern China

Soil respiration is one of the major carbon (C) fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere and plays an important role in regulating the responses of ecosystem and global C cycling to natural and anthropogenic perturbations. A field experiment was conducted between April 2005 and October 2006 in a semiarid grassland in northern China to examine effects of topography, fire, nitrogen (N) fertilization, and their potential interactions on soil respiration. Mean soil respiration was 6.0% higher in the lower than upper slope over the 2 growing seasons. Annual burning in early spring caused constant increases in soil respiration (23.8%) over the two growing seasons. In addition, fire effects on soil respiration varied with both season and topographic position. Soil respiration in the fertilized plots was 11.4% greater than that in the unfertilized plots. Water- and plant-mediation could be primarily responsible for the changes in soil respiration with topography and after fire whereas the positive responses of soil respiration to N fertilization were attributable to stimulated plant growth, root activity and respiration. The different mechanisms by which topography, fire, and N fertilization influence soil respiration identified in this study will facilitate the simulation and projection of ecosystem C cycling in the semiarid grassland in northern China.     

多工作表构建培养方案关联体系的探究与实践

使用Excel界面的电子表格,先构建分类别设置的课程表,再通过应用“=”键、粘贴函数和组合键逐条生成分学期安排表及课程结构统计表的各项关联记录。其单元格操作有等价关联也有求和关联,借助块操作可提高关联效率。最终生成的按类别和按学期进行分类的统计表,对每门课程的理论课时、实践课时、学分数和专业实践教学周数、学分数进行核算,保证培养方案关联体系的准确无误。     

Transcrytalline structures and crystallization kinetics of Polyarylate/Nylon6 Islands-in-a-Sea conjugate fibers for high performance thermoplastic composite applications

We report the isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics and associated transcrystalline morphological features of polyarylate(PAR)/nylon6 islands-in-a-sea fibers, where 74 PAR islands serve as reinforcing fibers and nylon6 sea component acts as a semicrystalline matrix in final thermoplastic composites. The temperature-dependent polarized optical microscopic images obtained during a cooling process exhibit that the melt-crystallization is dominated by the interfacial crystallization of nylon6 on the surface of PAR fibers, leading to developing a transcrystalline structure. From the isothermal and non-isothermal melt-crystallization analyses of the islands-in-a sea fiber by using differential scanning calorimetry and the Avrami equation, the overall crystallization rates of the nylon6 sea component in the islands-in-a-sea fiber are found to be highly accelerated by the heterogeneous nucleating effect of the PAR island fibers. In addition, it is revealed that the isothermal and non-isothermal melt-crystallization kinetics of the nylon6 in the islands-in-a-sea fibers consists of two different mechanisms of the primary crystallization owing to the interfacial crystallization and the secondary crystallization due to the bulk crystallization.     

乌兰布和沙漠抗逆植物选择试验及利用

乌兰布和地区光,热,水,土资源丰富,在国家开发西北地区的大政策下,适合进行农,林,牧业开发,但是限于本地区干旱,少雨,风沙大的现状,开发要在以改善生态环境为目的的防护林建设的基础上进行,为本地区增选抗性强,生长快,见效快的灌木品种是当务之急,也是长远需要,本试验选取了干旱地区常见的8种沙旱生灌木进行造林实验,选择出最适于该地区生长的灌木品种主造林方式。     

鄂豆6号的选育

利用血缘关系远、生态类型差异较大的亲本进行杂交和异季加代育成的鄂豆6号,具有优良的综合性状,较短的生育期,较广的适应性和产量高、品质优等特点。适宜在湖北全省和长江流域部分地区推广。栽培技术上要求适时早播、适当密植、科学施肥和加强田间管理。