日本对虾越冬亲虾性腺促熟及工厂化育苗技术研究

1997、1998年利用越冬亲虾进行性腺促熟,用镊烫法切除眼柄,促进亲虾发育。结果:两年共培育亲虾雌虾8204尾。雄虾5683尾,获交尾虾5360尾。交尾率为71.81％。每年两批育苗,共利用水体1720m~3,育出0.7～1.1cm的虾苗12450万尾,平均单位水体出苗量为7.24万尾/m~3,效益显著。     

微量元素氨基酸螯合物在猪生产上的应用研究进展

微量元素氨基酸螯合物是第三代饲料添加剂，由于其稳定性好、抗干扰性强、生物效价高等特点，迅速成为饲料行业研究的热点并广泛应用于各种动物生产中。本文概述了微量元素氨基酸螯合物近几年在猪生产中的应用研究，并对应用中存在的问题提出可行性意见。     

肉兔不同杂交组合的生产性能试验报告

选择适合本地的3个优良品种及6个杂交组合,探讨不同组合的产仔数、初生窝重、30日龄断奶窝重、30日龄断奶成活率、90日龄成活率、90日龄个体重等生产指标,筛选最优杂交组合。结果表明:肉兔不同品种杂交生产性能明显提高;最优杂交组合为大♀×加♂杂交组合和加♀×新♂杂交组合;6个杂交组合90日龄个体重平均增加109g。     

Effects of different dietary copper sources on the growth and intestinal microbial communities of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary copper sources on growth performance and intestinal microbial communities of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Four isonitrogenous (420 g/kg crude protein) and isolipidic (70 g/kg crude lipid) experimental diets were formulated to contain different copper sources, Diet NSC (no‐supplemented copper), Diet CS (copper sulphate), Diet Availa (copper amino acid complex from Availa^®Cu100) and Diet M (1:1, copper sulphate + copper amino acid complex). A total of 360 Pacific white shrimp juveniles (initial weight: 1.86 ± 0.03 g) were randomly allocated into four groups, with three replicates per group and 30 shrimps each replicate. An Illumina‐based sequencing method was used to analyse the intestinal bacterial composition of shrimp juveniles. The results revealed that shrimps fed Diet M had significantly higher percent weight gain (PWG) than that fed Diet NSC and Diet CS, while there were no significant differences between Diet M and Diet Availa. Survival was not affected by the dietary copper sources. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were dominant in the intestines of Pacific white shrimp. Shrimps fed Diet M and Diet Availa had higher bacterial richness and diversity than those fed Diet NSC and Diet CS with no significant differences among all treatments. Furthermore, Diet M and Diet Availa which contained copper amino acid complex reduced the relative abundance of Vibrionaceae in shrimp intestinal tract. This study indicated that dietary copper sources could affect the intestinal microbial communities and diets supplemented with Availa^®Cu100 could have a positive impact on the growth performance and decrease the potential risk of disease in Pacific white shrimp.     

福建沿海试养中间球海胆的初步研究

为探索中间球海胆(Strongylocentrotus intermedius)在福建沿海季节性养殖的可行性,于2018年11月开展了新品种中间球海胆"大金"南移福州海域养殖试验。试养海胆分为大(壳径3 cm)和小(壳径1 cm)两种规格。采用当地现有的鲍养殖海域和设施,定期投喂海带(Laminaria japonica)和龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)。经过6个月的养殖,福州养殖的大规格海胆壳径达(55.90±2.63)mm,体质量(56.30±6.92)g,性腺指数15.02%±1.5%,海胆生殖腺发育处于成熟前期(Ⅲ期),性腺质量良好,且显著高于大连同期养殖的大规格海胆壳径(46.56±3.88)mm和体质量(39.07±5.05)g(P<0.05)。同时,福州养殖的小规格海胆壳径达(40.97±0.87)mm,体质量(23.18±0.37)g,性腺指数9.64%±1.00%。试养结果表明,冬春季中间球海胆可在福建沿海开展季节性养殖,采用现有海上设施和养殖笼,投喂鲜活大型藻类,海胆的生长速度显著优于同期大连养殖。中间球海胆福建沿海南移养殖是满足其日益增长的市场需求的重要途径。     

Mechanism of RhoA on vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock in rats

AIM: To observe the mechanisms of RhoA on vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats. METHODS: The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock was adopted to assay the vascular reactivity via observing the contraction initiated by norepinephrine (NE) with isolated organ perfusion system. Meanwhile, the effects of Rho kinase, myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) on RhoA regulating vascular reactivity were observed. The effects of RhoA agonist U-46619 and inhibitor C3 enzyme on the activities of Rho kianse, MLCP, MLCK and phosphorylation of MLC20 in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with hypoxia were also measured. RESULTS: As compared to control group, the cumulative dose-response curves of SMA to NE at 2 h after shock shifted to the right, the maximal contractions (Emax) of NE was significantly decreased. RhoA agonist U-46619 increased the vascular reactivity in the late period of shock. C3 enzyme abolished U-46619 induced the increase in the contractile response of SMA to NE. Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 decreased U-46619-induced the increase in the vascular reactivity, MLCP inhibitor calyculin further promoted the increase in the vascular reactivity. However, MLCK inhibitor had no effect on the U-46619-induced change of vascular reactivity. After hypoxia, the activities of Rho kinase and MLCK, and the level of MLC20 phosphorylation were decreased, MLCP activity was increased. RhoA agonist U-46619 increased the activity of Rho kinase and phosphorylation of MLC20, decreased the activity of MLCP, but had no effects on MLCK activity. CONCLUSION: RhoA plays an important role in the regulation of vascular reactivity following shock. The mechanism is closely related to regulating the activities of Rho kinase and MLCP, and increasing the phosphorylation of MLC20 in VSMC.     

不同贮前热处理对青种枇杷果实贮藏效应的研究

通过采用不同的贮前热处理温度和时间组合,研究白沙枇杷青种在低温条件下的贮藏的内外品质的变化.结果表明:3种贮前热处理中,B处理(45℃热水处理10 min+低温(6±1℃))的效果最好,不仅青种枇杷果实的失重率和腐烂率低;而且贮藏到30 d时,枇杷果实的固酸比最高,较好保持了果实的风味.     

滚动轴承摩擦力矩的非线性特

以混沌理论为基础,通过试验研究滚动轴承摩擦力矩时间序列的非线性特征评估问题,为精确计算滚动轴承摩擦力矩的动态性能奠定基础.用关联维数标准差刻画摩擦力矩的不确定性,用关联维数均值描述摩擦力矩非线性特征的演变历程.研究表明,滚动轴承属于确定的非线性动力学系统,但其摩擦力矩呈现出明显的不确定性.随着转速的增加,滚动轴承摩擦力矩关联维数标准差与均值都呈现出非线性增大的趋势.     

超声波处理对小麦胚芽球蛋白理化和功能性质的影

采用超声波处理小麦胚芽球蛋白以提高其功能性质.研究了超声波处理对小麦胚芽球蛋白理化和功能性质的影响.结果表明:经超声波处理后,小麦胚芽球蛋白的巯基和二硫键含量、紫外光谱和荧光光谱均发生了显著的变化.随着超声波功率的增加,小麦胚芽球蛋白的疏水性、起泡性、起泡稳定性、乳化性和乳化稳定性都降低;当超声波功率大于900 W时,由于小麦胚芽球蛋白重新伸展,疏水基团暴露增多,引起疏水性、起泡性、起泡稳定性、乳化性和乳化稳定性增加.此外.超声波功率对小麦胚芽球蛋白的溶解度有显著影响,随着超声波功率的增加其溶解度明显增加.因此,通过选择适宜的超声波功率水平能够改善小麦胚芽球蛋白的理化和功能性质.     

车内噪声分析与控制研

利用互易性原理,提出了一种空气声传播路径实验方法.首先测得各声源对于车内噪声的传递函数,进而得到各声源对于车内噪声的贡献度.根据声源识别结果,对汽车车身进行吸声、隔声设计,结果表明,车内地板隔声量从前向后分别提高了1.83～9.74 dB(A),汽车车内噪声下降了4.7 dB(A).