多氯联苯对鱼肝功能的影响、机制及防治

多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)是水体环境中广泛分布的典型持久性有机污染物,可通过食物链富集进入鱼、人及其他动物体内,并在脂肪中积蓄,严重危害机体健康,能引起生物体突变、畸变甚至癌变,引起了极大的关注。文章主要综述了PCBs对鱼类肝功能的影响、作用机理及预防PCBs对鱼类生长发育的毒害,旨在为搞好水体环境,保护和发展可持续的渔业提供参考依据。     

2015年山东省某鸭场腺病毒病的暴发调查

2015年11月30日,山东省西北地区某鸭场报告其饲养的17 600只鸭子在1个多月内陆续发生不明原因的大规模死亡。经初步调查发现,鸭在死亡之前没有明显的临床症状,大多仅表现精神萎靡,多次用药后均无明显效果。截至调查时,已累计死亡约3 600只。为详细了解该鸭场的发病情况,分析该病的风险因素,以便及时提出防控建议,通过现场调查和实验室检测相结合的方式,开展了本次疫情暴发调查。调查结果显示,该鸭场暴发了腺病毒病;起因是鸭苗在引进前已感染了腺病毒,引入后又遇雨雪天气,气温骤降,同时场内饲养管理不合理,卫生条件差,防控措施不当,导致多种细菌继发感染,从而加剧了疫情。针对鸭场存在的病原,对症用药,对可能的相关风险因素进行了控制,随后疫情得到了有效控制。     

无线电追踪技术在地下啮齿动物研究中的应用

营地下生活的啮齿动物被誉为陆地生态系统的工程师,但其长期栖居于地下的生活习性难以被人们直接观察,给动物行为学和生态生物学等研究带来了挑战。随着科学技术的发展,无线电技术的小型化和轻量化为地下啮齿动物研究提供了可行性。国外学者已成功将无线电追踪技术应用于对地下啮齿动物洞道系统、活动节律、巢域面积变化以及社群制度等的研究。但国内将其应用于地下啮齿动物研究的较少。本文根据目前国内外研究现状,对无线追踪技术的研究内容和研究方法进行综述,以期为我国地下啮齿类研究提供参考。     

Characterization of polymorphisms of transferrin receptor and their association with susceptibility to ETEC F4ab/ac in pigs

Diarrhoea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) expressing F4 (F4ab, F4ac and F4ad) fimbriae is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in newborn and weaned pigs. The locus controlling susceptibility towards ETEC F4ab/ac has been mapped to SSC13q41, in which TFRC (transferrin receptor) was localized and considered as a positional candidate gene for ETEC F4ab/ac receptor. In this study, we determined susceptibility/resistance to ETEC F4ab/ac in a total of 755 F2 animals from a White Duroc x Erhualian intercross using a microscopic enterocyte adhesion assay. We identified two TFRC polymorphisms (SNPs 591 A>G and 632 A>G) in a single exon after comparative sequencing analysis of 2371-bp amplicons containing the complete coding region of TFRC using RNA of eight full-sib F2 animals with susceptible and resistant phenotypes. The intron sequences flanking the two exon polymorphisms were obtained, revealing an intron polymorphism (SNP 291 C>T). We genotyped the 19 founder animals of the White Duroc x Erhualian intercross for the identified polymorphisms, showing that only the 291 C>T polymorphism is a highly informative marker. We further genotyped all 59 F1 and 755 F2 animals for the 291 C>T polymorphism, and the association of this polymorphism with susceptibility/resistance to ETEC F4ab/ac in these F2 animals was evaluated by the transmission disequilibrium test. The result showed that the 291 C>T polymorphism is not a causal mutation, however, has a significant linkage disequilibrium with the ETEC F4ab/ac, especially F4ac receptor locus.     

脾虚证模型家兔神经内分泌机能的变化及四君子汤对其调整作用

给家兔胃管投服苦寒中药大黄水煎液,复制出家兔脾虚证动物模型,研究了脾虚证模型家兔神经内分泌机能的变化和健脾益气四 君子汤对其的调 整作用。结果表 明,脾 虚证模型家兔血 浆胃泌素、ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ 和ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ／ｃ Ｇ Ｍ Ｐ 较试验前和对照组明显下降 （ Ｐ ＜ ００５ 或 Ｐ ＜ ００１）, 血浆胰高血糖素和血清胆碱酯酶活性较对照组和试验前极显著升高 （ Ｐ ＜ ００１）。以上各指标在经四君子汤治疗后均恢复至试验前和对照组水平,与模型期比较变化明显 （ Ｐ ＜ ００５ 或 Ｐ ＜ ００１）。由此说明,脾虚证时神经内分泌机能发生了改变,表现为交感神经机能降低和副交感神经机能相对亢进,以及胃肠道激素如胃泌素和胰高血糖素的分泌发生变化,四君子汤对其有良好的调整作用或拮抗作用。     

Immunoadjuvant activities of a recombinant chicken IL-12 in chickens vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus recombinant HN protein

Recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV/HN) expressing Newcastle disease virus (NDV) HN gene and rFPV/HN/chIL-12 co-expressing chicken IL-12 (chIL-12) and HN (rHN/chIL-12) genes have been characterized. rHN/chIL-12 or rchIL-12, expressed by our previous construct rFPV/chIL-12, co-administered with rHN was assessed for adjuvant activities of chIL-12. Chickens were vaccinated with various amounts of rHN/chIL-12 mixed with mineral oil (MO), intramuscularly. Levels of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody production depended on the concentration of the injected rHN or rHN/chIL-12. The lower HI antibody titers were obtained in chicken groups rHN/chIL-12/7-rHN/chIL-12/9, receiving 60ng rHN/8ng chIL-12 with MO, 30ng rHN/4ng chIL-12 with MO or 15ng rHN/2ng chIL-12 with MO, respectively, compared to those in chicken groups rHN/7-rHN/9, receiving rHN with MO alone. However, chickens in group rHN/chIL-12/7 or rHN/chIL-12/8 and rHN with MO alone showed the same effective protection. Chicken group rHN/chIL-12/9 was even more protective than that in group rHN/9. When rchIL-12 was co-injected with 15ng rHN plus MO, chickens produced low levels of HI antibody titers; while higher levels of IFN-γ production and an effective protection rate (83%) were obtained. On the other hand, low levels of IFN-γ production and low protection response (50%) were obtained in chickens injected with rHN with MO alone. Taken together, when the concentration of rHN decreased to certain levels, rchIL-12 reduced HI antibody production. The increase in the induction of IFN-γ production might suggest the enhancement of the cell-mediated immunity which conferred the protection from the NDV challenge.     

要正确对待西部种草

西部种草需要正确对待几个问题：良种不是绝对的，与环境协调发展的就是好草种；种草的效益不是单方面的，不是追求单方面的效益；人工草地是现代农业的必要组分，同时不要忽视天然草原；种草不要忽视灌木，清除灌木要慎重；种草要有必要农业投入，应该用好地种草；要以发展动物生产和饲料工业为重点，完善草地农业系统；管理是草业的命脉，应尽早达到草业生产数字化。     

龙蒿脂肪酸成分研究

试验对提取的龙蒿Artemisia dracunculus油脂进行甲酯化处理,采用气相色谱技术,首次对龙蒿脂肪酸成分进行了分析,结果表明,龙蒿中含有19种脂肪酸(鉴定17种)。脂肪酸性质评价显示,龙蒿的多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸相对含量比(PUFA/SFA)为3.25,可见龙蒿具有降血脂功能。     

栽培乌拉尔甘草根中黄酮类和皂甙类化合物的提取与分析

采用冷浸乙醇提取法对兰州人工引种栽培的6年生乌拉尔甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis根中的总黄酮和总皂甙类化合物进行了提取分离,并且采用重量法和3种紫外-可见分光光度法对乌拉尔甘草根中总黄酮含量进行了测定和比较分析。结果表明,3种分光光度测定方法中,黄酮含量以直接测定法为最高,硝酸铝显色法次之,氯化铝显色法最低,直接测定法测定样品中的黄酮含量因不受显色剂干扰,测定结果相对更为准确可靠。人工栽培乌拉尔甘草相对野生甘草有效成分的含量较低,但仍可作为野生药用甘草的替代品。     

外源病毒检验用抗鸡传染性支气管炎病毒特异性血清的制备与检定

为制备外源病毒检验用抗鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)特异性血清,对300只3~4周龄的SPF鸡进行基础免疫和加强免疫;最后一次免疫21 d后,采血并分离血清;对血清经混合、分装、冷冻、真空干燥后,进行无菌检验、外源病毒检验、剩余水分测定、中和效价测定和特异性检验。结果表明:本研究制备的抗IBV特异性血清的无菌检验、外源病毒检验和剩余水分测定结果均符合现行《中华人民共和国兽药典》规定;血清中和效价为1:800,与IBV H120种毒株的中和指数为106.3,与鸡传染性法氏囊病毒B87株、鸡新城疫病毒La Sota株、鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒、鸡痘病毒、禽呼肠孤病毒S1133株的中和指数均不大于10;通过AGP、ELISA、HI等试验,确定该血清中不含其他禽源外源病毒抗体。本研究为鸡传染性支气管炎活疫苗或毒种的外源病毒检验提供了具有良好特异性和高效价的中和用血清。