Unrecognized diversity in New Guinean crayfish species (Decapoda,Parastacidae): The evidence from molecular data

The phylogenetic relationships among imported ornamental crayfish belonging to the genus Cherax were inferred from a combined dataset of 3 mitochondrial genes (COI, 16S and 12S) and by comparison with available GenBank sequences of 14 Cherax species. Furthermore, the concordance of previously described species obtained from a wholesaler (Cherax boesemani, C. holthuisi and C. peknyi) with available GenBank sequences was verified based on COI with special respect to comparison with sequences assigned as Cherax species. Recently described species C. gherardiae, C. pulcher and C. subterigneus belong to the northern group of Cherax species. Comparison and analysis with other GenBank COI sequences show previously unreported diversity of New Guinean species, suggesting 5 putative new species. Surprisingly, species assigned to the subgenus Astaconephrops do not form a monophyletic clade; this subgenus should be reappraised relative to the purported typical morphological characteristic of the uncalcified patch on male chelae. Increasing importation of crayfish underscores the importance of accurate species identification. Use of basic molecular methods is a necessary requisite for documenting occurrence, abundance and population trends of target species. Consequently, it helps to support eventual conservation decision‐making by stakeholders.     

Genetic analysis of ORF5 of recent Korean porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) in viremic sera collected from MLV-vaccinating or non-vaccinating farms

The 23 open reading frame (ORF) 5 sequences of Korean type II porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were collected from viremic sera from the (modified live vaccine) MLV-vaccinating and non-vaccinating farms from 2007 to 2008. The samples were phylogenetically analyzed with previous ORF5 sequences, including type I Korean PRRSV, and previously reported or collected sequences from 1997 to 2008. A MN184-like subgroup of type II Korean PRRSV was newly identified in the viremic sera collected from 2007 to 2008. And of the type I PRRSVs, one subgroup had 87.2~88.9% similarity with the Lelystad virus, showing a close relationship with the 27~2003 strain of Spain. The maximum parsimony tree of type II PRRSV from 1997 to 2008 showed that they had evolved to four lineages, subgroups 1, 2, 3 and 4. Most of the recently collected type II PRRSVs belonged to subgroup 4 (48%). The region of three B-cell epitopes and two T-cell epitopes of ORF5 amino acids sequences was considerably different from the MLV in subgroups 3 and 4. In conclusion, the existence of type I PRRSV, which was genetically different from Lelystad virus (Prototype of type I PRRSV), and heterologous type II PRRSVs of viremic pigs detected even in the MLV-vaccinating farms indicated the need for new vaccine approaches for the control of PRRSV in Korea.     

不同品系杜洛克后代商品猪胴体性状的比较分析

为研究不同品系杜洛克作为终端父本对其后代商品猪胴体性状的影响,选取214和108头分别由美系和加系杜洛克公猪配种、出生时间相近(±2 d)和体重相近(35±5 kg)的后代三元商品猪进行育肥饲养,结束饲养后开展屠宰试验,测定背膘厚度、眼肌厚度、瘦肉率和肋骨数.结果显示:加系杜洛克商品后代的背膘厚度、眼肌厚度显著(P<0...     

哈萨克牛四种蛋白多态与体尺性状关系的分析

哈萨克牛 Tf、Ptf、Alb和 Pa等 4个蛋白位点分别有 4、2、2和 3种表型 ,分别受 3、2、2和 2个共显性等位基因支配。应用最小二乘法拟合线性模型 ,研究 4个蛋白位点的基因型与哈萨克牛体尺性状间的关系 ,结果表明 ,在胸深性状上 ,Tf AE型的 LSE值显著高于 Tf DE型的 LSE值 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;在胸围性状上 ,Tf AE型的 LSE值极显著高于 Tf DE型的 LSE值 ( P<0 .0 1 ) :对于胸深性状 ,Ptf AA型的LSE值显著高于 Ptf AB型的 LSE值 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;在腰角宽性状上 ,Alb AA型的 LSE值显著高于 Alb AB型的 LSE值 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;对于臀端高性状 ,Pa AA型的 LSE值极显著高于 Pa AB型的 LSE值 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ;对于十字部高性状 ,Pa AA型的 LSE值显著高于 Pa AB型的 LSE值 ( P<0 .0 5 )     

超氧化物歧化酶模拟物对氧化应激IPEC-J2细胞抗氧化性能的影响

试验旨在探究在H₂O₂诱导的氧化应激状态下,超氧化物歧化酶模拟物（SODm）对仔猪空肠上皮细胞系（IPEC-J2）的保护作用。利用MTT法筛选出构建氧化应激模型H₂O₂的适宜浓度;将IPEC-J2细胞分别用0、0.05、0.5、5、50、500、2 000 U/mL SODm进行培养,利用MTT法分别在2、4、8、12 h时测定各组细胞存活率,筛选出SODm作用的适宜浓度和时间;根据构建的氧化应激模型和SODm适宜浓度和时间,将IPEC-J2细胞随机分为空白组、模型组、SODm处理组（SODm_0.5、SODm₅、SODm₅₀）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）处理组（SOD_0.5、SOD₅、SOD₅₀）,分别测定各组细胞存活率、活性氧（ROS）含量及细胞内SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）。结果表明：①H₂O₂构建细胞氧化应激模型的适宜浓度是1.0 mmol/mL。②当不同浓度SODm分别作用4、8、12 h时,0.5~50 U/mL SODm组细胞存活率显著高于空白组（P<0.05）;且8 h时存活率最高,在12 h时处于下降趋势。③除空白组外,SODm₅和SOD₅预处理的IPEC-J2存活率显著高于其他组（P<0.05）;且SODm和SOD组中细胞ROS含量显著低于模型组（P<0.05）;模型组与空白组相比,均显著降低了SOD、GSH-Px活性和T-AOC水平,提高了MDA含量（P<0.05）;与模型组相比,所有SODm和SOD处理组均显著提高了SOD、GSH-Px活性和T-AOC水平,降低了MDA含量（P<0.05）,同时SODm₅₀组T-AOC水平显著低于SOD₅₀组（P<0.05）。综上,SODm对H₂O₂诱导氧化损伤状态下IPEC-J2具有保护作用。     

Inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to the epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by sodium oxalate in canine renal epithelial cells

High oxalate consumption has been recognized as a risk factor for renal calcium oxalate stones in companion animals (dogs and cats). However, the cellular signaling involved in oxalate-induced dysfunction in renal tubular epithelial cells remains not fully elucidated. In this study, Mardin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, an epithelial cell line derived from canine kidney tubule, were tested for cell proliferation activity and barrier function after being exposed to sodium oxalate (NaOx). Further, the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin in NaOx-induced renal epithelial barrier dysfunction was evaluated. MDCK cells treated with NaOx exhibited reduction in cell proliferation and migration. Besides, NaOx exposure led to a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance and an increase in paracellular permeability. The deleterious effects of NaOx on epithelial barrier function were related to the suppressed abundance of tight junction proteins including zonula occludens, occludin, and claudin-1. Of note, protein levels of β-catenin and phosphorylated (p)-β-catenin (Ser552) in MDCK cells were repressed by NaOx, indicating inhibitory effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. An inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) by SB216763 enhanced the abundance of β-catenin and p-β-catenin (Ser552), and protected against epithelial barrier dysfunction in NaOx-treated MDCK cells. The results revealed a critical role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the epithelial barrier function of MDCK cells. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of oxalate-linked renal stones.     

一起未经执业兽医注册从事诊疗活动案引发的思考

2017年成都市办理的一起未经兽医执业注册而进行犬只声带切除的行政处罚案件,引发了笔者对动物诊疗机构监督执法中"动物诊疗"范畴界定、动物诊疗许可证申请对象探究、"一事不再罚"原则的适用、"责令停业诊疗活动"与"责令停产停业"区别等问题的思考。本文以法学理论和相关法律规定为基础,对成都市动物诊疗机构执法实践的疑点与难点进行分析,提出执法人员应更准确适用法律法规,并呼吁尽快建立全国执业兽医查询系统的建议。     

鸭的类似鸡白细胞介素2基因的克隆及遗传进化分析

通过RT—PCR和DNA测序技术，克隆和测定了绍兴麻鸭的一种类似鸡白细胞介素2(IL-2)基因的核苷酸序列，并构建了该基因编码蛋白的三维结构分子模型。结果显示，绍兴麻鸭的类似于鸡IL-2基因的核苷酸长度由748个碱基组成，编码产物为由140个氨基酸残基组成的多肽，编码产物中含有21个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽。绍兴麻鸭的类似于鸡IL-2基因的核苷酸及编码产物，与鸡和火鸡IL-2的一致性分别为71.4％～72．1％和55．0％～57．9％，与哺乳类等动物IL-2的一致性分别为22．1％～28．8％和14．3％～17．1％。对绍兴麻鸭的类似于鸡IL-2基因蛋白编码产物的系统进化树分析表明，其编码产物与鸡和火鸡IL-2具有较远的亲缘关系。绍兴麻鸭的类似于鸡IL-2基因编码产物的三维结构，预测由4个α-螺旋结构和2个β折叠组成。这些研究结果预示。鸭的类似于鸡IL-2基因编码产物，在生物学功能上与哺乳动物和其他禽类具有很大的差异。     

Effects of magnesium on the performance of sows and their piglets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental magnesium (Mg) on the performance of gilts and parity 3 sows and their piglets. Fifty-six gilts (Trial 1) and 56 sows (Trial 2) were assigned to one of 4 treatments according to their mating weight, respectively. The treatments comprised corn-soybean meal based gestation and lactation diets (0.21% magnesium) supplemented with 0, 0.015, 0.03, or 0.045% Mg from mating until weaning. The results showed that magnesium supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the weaning to estrus interval in both gilts and sows. There were significant effects (P < 0.05) of supplemental magnesium on the total number of piglets born, born alive and weaned in sows. In late gestation and lactation, the digestibility of crude fiber (quadratic effects, P < 0.05), and crude protein (P < 0.05), were significantly influenced by magnesium in gilts and sows, respectively. There were differences among the 4 groups in terms of the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber in sows (P < 0.05) during both early and late gestation. The apparent digestibility of gross energy was increased for sows in late gestation (P < 0.05), and lactation (quadratic effects, P < 0.05). At farrowing and weaning, serum prolactin levels and alkaline phosphate activities linearly increased in sows as the Mg supplementation increased (P < 0.05). Serum Mg of sows at farrowing and serum urea nitrogen of sows at weaning was significantly influenced by Mg supplementation (P < 0.05). The Mg concentration in sow colostrum and the serum of their piglets were increased by supplemental magnesium (P < 0.05). In addition, growth hormone levels were linearly elevated (P < 0.05) in the serum of piglets suckling sows. Our data demonstrated that supplemental magnesium has the potential to improve the reproduction performance of sows, and the suitable supplemental dose ranged from 0.015% to 0.03%.     

疑核内有关神经元在机体细胞免疫调节中的作用

研究了疑核内胆碱能神经元、去甲肾上腺素能神经元、脑啡肽能神经元对机体细胞免疫机能的影响 ,并对疑核内 3种神经元之间的相互关系进行了探讨。实验用麻醉家兔 ,分 6组进行 ,分别在疑核处通过微量注射器注入氯化乙酰胆碱 ( Ach)、密胆碱 -3( HC-3)、酒石酸去甲肾上腺素 ( NA)、6-羟基多巴胺 ( 6-OHDA)、盐酸吗啡 ( MP)、盐酸纳络酮 ( NX) ,并分别于注射前和注射后不同时间取外周血 ,测定 T细胞百分率及PHA诱导的有丝分裂原反应。结果 :Ach组上述免疫指标比注射前明显升高 ;HC-3组上述免疫指标比注射前明显降低 ;NA组上述免疫指标在注射后 30、60 min时明显低于注射前 ;6-OHDA组上述免疫指标在注射后 1 0～ 1 2 0 min时明显升高 ;MP组上述免疫指标在注射后 60、1 2 0 min时明显降低 ;NX组上述免疫指标注射前、后无明显变化。提示 :疑核增强机体细胞免疫的作用可能是通过胆碱能神经元实现的 ;疑核内的去甲肾上腺素能神经元与胆碱能神经元的作用相拮抗 ;而疑核内的脑啡肽能神经元可能对前两者的活动起一种调整作用