Ameliorative effect of potassium on mice and tomato subjected to sodium salinization

Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Yamabiko) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Saturn) plants subjected to Na-salinization (NA: 80 mmol( + ) kg^-1 Na) in hydroponics were grown after the addition of K at five concentrations (K1: 10, K2: 20, K3: 30, K4: 40, K5: 50 mmol( + ) kg^-1). The effect of K on their growth was analyzed in terms of transpiration, cation uptake, and transport. A similar tendency for the above parameters was obtained in both species. The addition of 10 mmol( + ) kg^-1 K improved the growth by decreasing the content of Na and increasing the K content of the plants. The growth of the plants, however, was reduced along with the increase of the K concentration and became comparable to that of NA at K5. The total cation content increased with the increase of the K concentration, which was due to the increase of the K content.

A close relationship was observed among the osmotic potential of the solution, cumulative transpiration, and dry weight for both species among the K treatments.

Addition of K suppressed the uptake of other cations by rice and tomato in the order of Na>Mg>Ca, with a very small suppression for Ca and Mg. The depression of Na uptake by K could be due to the antagonism between the two cations.

In rice, the addition of K resulted in a decrease of the uptake concentration (UC) of Na and an increase of that of K, but did not bring about any changes in the UC of Ca and Mg. It was worth noting that K1 and K2 led to a higher UC of Na than NA in tomato, while the trend of the UC of K, Ca, and Mg was similar to that in rice. The transport of Na and Ca to the tops of rice was not affected by the addition of K, while that of Mg increased by K addition. In tomato, the transport of all the cations was promoted by the increase of the K concentration.     

饲料用秸秆丝化多频快速压缩成型工艺参数优化

为了进一步探明丝化后干玉米秸秆压缩成型的最佳工艺参数,利用WDW-200微机控制电子式万能试验机,以秸秆含水率、最大压缩力(能够压缩成型的最小压缩力)、压缩次数和压缩速度为影响因子,对饲料用玉米秸秆丝化后压缩成型块的松弛比进行了二次回归旋转组合试验研究。建立并分析了4个影响因子对玉米秸秆丝化压缩成型松弛比的回归模型,并进行了验证试验。结果表明:丝化后玉米秸秆压缩成型最佳工艺条件为:含水率为7.8%~18.3%,能够成型的最小压缩力为6.22 MPa,压缩次数为2~6次,压缩速度为128~337 mm/min。在此工艺条件下,干玉米秸秆丝化压缩成型的松弛比在1.2和1.5之间,均能满足实际生产中较低能耗与生产质量的要求。该试验对压缩工艺的优化、压缩设备的研制和了解压缩成型后产品的特性具有参考意义。     

不同温度差压预冷及其对西葫芦冷藏效果的影响

为了延长西葫芦的采后保鲜期和减少营养物质的损耗,本文以西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo.L)为试材,比较了不同预冷温度对西葫芦预冷后的冷藏效果,分别置于-3、0、3和6℃差压冷库中,预冷到10℃,然后在10℃条件下冷藏。期间每4 d取一次样,测定其各项指标。结果表明:6℃预冷速度最慢,0和3℃快于6℃,-3℃预冷速度最快。与冷藏前相比,冷藏结束(16 d)时,0和3℃预冷组的丙二醛含量分别上升了66.76、71.63%,显著(P0.05)低于其他2个处理;4个组(分别为-3,0,3和6℃预冷组)的硬度分别下降了9.89%、7.46%、7.89%和11.19%;CAT活性分别为16.25、19.79、17.58和16.63 U/min?g;各组的维生素C含量分别下降了32.61%、20.65%、26.09%和30.87%;香气成分中醛类相对含量分别为69.94%、76.33%、71.47%和70.97%。与-3和6℃预冷相比,0和3℃预冷处理能够显著的延缓硬度的下降,降低呼吸速率和乙烯的释放量,因此能延缓西葫芦的采后衰老和延长货架期;并抑制了丙二醛的积累,减少组织损伤且抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性和过氧化物酶的活性也受到抑制,提高了过氧化氢酶活性,因而可以降低活性氧伤害;并保持了较高的香气成分含量,而-3和6℃预冷的西葫在冷藏后期的呼吸强度及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性迅速升高,且-3℃的预冷处理使得西葫芦在之后的冷藏过程中出现了明显的冷害现象,即表皮长斑。因此0和3℃差压预冷对西葫芦的冷藏效果较好,研究结果为西葫芦采后冷链技术的发展提供了参考。     

秸秆坯块成型工艺参数及保水性试验研究

为探究玉米秸秆、豆粕和聚丙烯酸钠混合制备农用保水剂的生产工艺,以最大压缩力、混料水分、压缩速度、豆粕质量分数和聚丙烯酸钠质量分数为试验因素,以成型坯块的松弛密度为评价指标进行二次回归旋转组合试验,优化工艺参数组合并试验验证,在松弛密度的最优范围内分析其对坯块保水性能的影响。试验结果表明:坯块的松弛密度为460～540 kg/m3的条件下,得出最大压缩力为16～20.59 kN,混料水分为8.84%～12.96%,压缩速度为95.56～155.51 mm/min,豆粕质量分数为16.08%～24.02%,聚丙烯酸钠质量分数为4.91%～7.15%的最佳成型工艺参数;坯块的保水效果随松弛密度的增大而逐渐增强,有砂土时释水量随时间变化符合对数模型,无砂土时则符合线性模型,拟合方程的回归系数均大于0.9,成型坯块保水性的分析可靠,可为复合型农用保水剂的应用提供参考。     

Non-contact IOP measuring system based on aerostatic technology

For the foreign monopoly of current non-contact tonometry technology and the disadvantage of domestic existing technology,we develop a new type of non-contact tonometry system base on equilibrium principle and aerostatic technology. The system adopts ARM9 S3C2440A as the core,mainly including flotation measurement module,control module,human-computer interaction and communication interface module. The flotation measurement module could finish the signal acquisition and measurement on CCD camera,pressure sensor,and optical signals of corneal reflection that the control module mainly controlled the supply gas pressure of centered gas chamber. When the developed system is used to measure human intraocular pressure,the measured values show that there is only less than 6.01% repeatability error. Compared with the imported non-contact tonometry,the absolute error between two equipments’ measured IOP values is also no more than 1.3m mHg,which shows that the system could detect the intraocular pressure of people quickly and easily.     

汽车新动力━━HEV综述

介绍了混合动力电动汽车(HEV)的概念、HEV动力总成的组成及型式,以丰田PRIUS为例阐述了HEV的工作原理。     

保护性耕作条件下浅松作业的试验

浅松作业是保护性耕作中推广使用的一种表土作业方式，适用于旱作保护性耕作的播前作业，能够达到松土、除草、整地等目的，也可以用于中耕除草作业。试验结果表明，该作业有良好的除草作用。能显著地提高地表平整度，降低表土容积密度，对根荏榭盖和土壤水分影响不显著，基本上满足了保护性耕作对土壤的要求。     

水分胁迫对玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响研究

采用人工控制水分的方法,研究玉米生长发育和产量形成对水分胁迫的响应。研究结果表明：干旱胁迫导致玉米生长发育缓慢和减产程度的大小,因胁迫时期、胁迫程度及持续时间而不同。干旱胁迫对株高的抑制作用：拔节孕穗期>抽雄吐丝期>苗期,其中苗期株高在复水后得到了超补偿。受水分胁迫影响穗重、穗粒重和穗粒数都呈减少的趋势,变化幅度为穗粒数>穗重>穗粒重,不同生育期干旱胁迫处理的减产幅度为抽雄吐丝期>拔节孕穗期>苗期。苗期、拔节孕穗期和抽穗开花期减产程度分别达到30%、70%和90%以上。     

采摘机器人视觉伺服控制系统设计

分析了采摘机器人目标位置与机器人关节角度之间的运动学关系,给出了两者之间的坐标变换公式.根据伺服控制特点,在机器人伺服控制中引入模糊PID控制方法,利用模糊控制策略在线自适应整定PID参数,提高了控制系统的动、静态性能.仿真和实验结果验证了设计的合理性和有效性.     

近红外光谱技术在农作物品质分析方面的应用

近红外光谱分析技术是近年来迅猛发展起来的高新技术,由于其在测量方面具有快速、非破坏性等优点,已被广泛应用。在此,首先介绍了近红外光谱技术及其分析过程（定标和预测）,而后又总结了其在小麦、玉米、稻米及油料作物等农作物品质方面的应用。