Hydrogen peroxide pretreatment alters the activity of antioxidant enzymes and protects chloroplast ultrastructure in heat-stressed cucumber leaves

To elucidate the physiological mechanism of heat stress mitigated by exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) further, seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv Lvfeng no. 6 were subjected to two temperatures (42/38 and 25/18 °C) after pretreatment with 1.5 mM H₂O₂. We investigated whether exogenous H₂O₂ could protect chloroplast ultrastructure under heat stress (42/38 °C) and whether the protective effect was associated with the regulation of antioxidant enzymes. The heat condition disintegrated the membranes of 71.4% chloroplasts in the leaf cells and resulted in the elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and endogenous H₂O₂. When H₂O₂ pretreatment was combined with the heat stress, the abnormal chloroplasts occurred at a rate of 33.3%, and the contents of MDA and endogenous H₂O₂ were decreased. Heat stress and exogenous H₂O₂ both increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, EC 1.11.1.9), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), monodehydroascorbate reducatase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2). The combined effect of heat stress and H₂O₂ pretreatment led to higher activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), GSH-Px, DHAR, MDHAR and GR in comparison to the heat treatment alone. We propose that exogenous H₂O₂ increases antioxidant enzyme activities in cucumber leaves, decreases lipid peroxidation, and thus protects the ultrastructure of chloroplasts under heat stress.     

基于高光谱成像技术的残留氯吡脲猕猴桃无损识别

利用近红外高光谱技术,依据施药猕猴桃和空白猕猴桃中氯吡脲残留量不同、有机成分含量不同,进行了2类猕猴桃的无损识别技术研究。首先进行2类猕猴桃的田间试验,获得具有代表性的猕猴桃样品,然后通过近红外高光谱设备扫描样品,获得每个样品的近红外高光谱图像并输出每个样品平均反射光谱值,最后进行2类猕猴桃的无损识别。结果表明,PCA-LDA(主成分分析-线性判别分析)和支持向量机(SVM)2个数学模型的正确识别率都是94.4%;施药样品氯吡脲的残留量为0.03 mg/kg,空白样品的氯吡脲残留量为0 mg/kg;总糖、总酚、维生素C、可滴定酸、17种氨基酸、8种微量元素等有机成分含量存在一定的差异。因此,采用近红外高光谱技术进行植物生长调节剂猕猴桃的无损识别是可行的。     

轴向柱塞液压马达机械液压耦合仿真分析

为了使轴向柱塞液压马达仿真模型接近于物理样机,采用机械、液压耦合模型并综合考虑柱塞和缸体、柱塞和斜盘等摩擦副的摩擦力和液体的粘性阻尼以及减小压力脉动的三角阻尼槽等因素,建立了轴向柱塞液压马达仿真模型。液压马达高压油推动柱塞位移、机械能推动柱塞排油,实现液压能和机械能相互转换,主要包括压力源(恒流源或恒压源)、负载(外部阻力矩,转动惯量)、柱塞缸体组件、柱塞往复和旋转运动转换组件、配流窗口等。仿真结果与有关文献中液压马达实验数据进行对比,马达转速、加速时间、最大输出流量的仿真值与实验值误差均小于5%,验证了仿真模型能够保证较好的计算精度。仿真结果表明,由于卸荷槽和腰型槽过渡区域有通流面积突变现象,容易产生局部压力脉冲现象,且转速越高压力波动越大,通过优化卸荷槽结构型式和参数可以减小脉动冲击;液压马达工作特性受负载的影响,负载的总转动惯量大时加速时间长而稳定转速波动区间窄,相应产生的脉动也趋于减小。     

仔猪早期断乳料的蛋白质来源

１仔猪对蛋白质的需求和消化仔猪早期(４．５ｋｇ～１１ｋｇ)对粗蛋白的需求一般为２０%,如果以构成理想蛋白质模式来补充合成必需氨基酸,可适当降低饲粮粗蛋白质水平。这主要取决于饲料中能量水平及饲料原料的营养消化率。近年来有研究表明,断奶料中随着粗蛋白水平的提高,仔猪肠后段的腐败性物质增多,董国忠等(１９９７)报道,随着断乳料蛋白水平增高,对仔猪组织损伤程度加剧。由于早期断乳仔猪消化道尚未发育健全,各种消化酶合成分泌水平很低,且对饲粮蛋白质来源极为敏感。研究表明,不同蛋白质来源影响仔猪消化酶合成,尤其是蛋白酶(胃蛋白…     

Cloning and bioinformatics analysis of cDNA encoding cattle Smad4 gene

The cDNA of cattle Smad4 gene was cloned by RT-PCR, 3′ RACE and 5’t RACE and got a 3503-bp full-long cDNA sequence. The cloned cattle Smad4 cDNA sequence had been send to GenBank and got an accession number: DQ494856. Cattle Smad4 gene consists of 12 exons and codes 553 amino acids. Cattle Smad4 cDNA shares 99%, 96%, 95%, 91% and 91% similarity in nucleic acid sequences, and 99%, 98%, 98%, 99% and 98% similarity in amino acid sequences with sheep, pig, human, rat and mouse, respectively. Smad4 cDNA was found in the testes, pancreas, liver, small intestine, ovary, lymph, cardiac muscle, skeleton muscle and thymus gland, which indicated that Smad4 was broadly expressed in cattle. __________ Translated from Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2007, 38(4): 321–325 [译自: 畜牧兽医学报]     

特早熟抗病棉花品种辽棉44特征特性及栽培技术要点

本文主要介绍辽棉44的选育过程、生物学特性、产量、纤维品质、抗病性及栽培技术要点。     

煤矸石山立地条件与林业复垦研究——以山西统配煤矿为例

煤矸石是我国工业排弃数量最大的固体废弃物，它带来的危害是压占土地、破坏景观、污染环境。山西省作为能源重化工基地，煤矸石的堆积、污染问题尤为突出，改造任务异常艰巨。研究结果表明：煤矸石成山状堆积，仅表层１０ｃｍ左右有物理风化，下层很难风化；煤矸石山可蓄一定的水分，但地表高温，养分贫瘠，特别是自燃后的矸石强酸高盐，给植被恢复带来了极大的困难；大量煤矸石山的基本出路是进行林业复垦。其适用技术体系包括：①做好水保工程，保留地表黑色风化层；②引入先锋草种、树种；③薄盖土后直播；④加强施肥、病虫害防治等管理。     

幸福堰引水工程中的双箱式取水及输水暗涵设计

 幸福堰引水工程的建设主要服务于巧家县金塘乡部分土地灌溉和人畜饮水，在整个工程中存在着许多特殊问题需要解决，其中，取水防沙是最关键的问题之一。介绍的设计方法成功地解决了取水、防沙等问题，为泥石流地区和水土流失严重地区取水防沙工程设计提供了好的参考。     

Chemical composition and microstructure of uroliths and urinary sediment crystals associated with the feeding of high-level cottonseed meal diet to water buffalo calves

The chemical composition and microstructure of seven uroliths and four urinary sediment samples associated with the feeding of high-level cottonseed meal diet to buffalo calves were examined by chemical qualitative analyses, scanning electron microscopy ( ), X-ray diffraction, and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry ( ). Struvite was a major component of kidney stones and of some bladder stones. The kidney stone sample appeared cracked under low power under , aggregated into tiny balls under high power, and as a bladelike structure under even higher power. The bladder stone samples appeared finely granular or granular with various forms of prismatic crystals. The urinary sediments were prismatic crystals, with granules. The newly found prismatic crystals, which were rich in potassium and similar to struvite in crystal structure, were identified as potassium magnesium phosphate (KMgPO₄ · 6H₂O) in some bladder stones and urinary sediments. However, crystals which contained Mg and P only, which had been used for struvite identification, were not found by examination in urinary sediments from fresh urine samples of buffalo calves fed the high-level cottonseed meal diet.     

集安市杜仲引种实验研究

杜仲为中国特产,全世界仅在中国有1属1种,是名贵中药材。集安市从1996年开始进行引种栽培实验研究,通过12 a的研究观察和对树干解析分析,认为杜仲引种到集安市,长势良好,各项指标达标。