广西百色11个自然保护区两栖动物多样性研究

为分析广西百色不同保护区的两栖动物分布及其与主要环境因子的关系,为该地区两栖动物多样性及生态环境的保护与建设提供相关理论和数量依据,根据广西百色11个自然保护区的两栖动物名录,通过物种组成比较并运用G-F指数、相似性系数进行了多样性分析,并对两栖动物多样性与主要环境因子进行了相关性分析。结果表明,广西百色11个自然保护区共记录两栖动物7科20属38种,蛙科(Ranidae)为优势科,角蟾科(Megophryidae)为次优势科;主要区系成分为华中华南区种,次要区系成分为华南区和华中区种,并有少量西南区种渗入;各保护区之间两栖动物相似性均属于中度相似以上,部分保护区之间属高度相似;地州、古龙山和农信自然保护区的F-指数和G-F指数较高;保护区两栖动物的多样性与该地区年均降水量呈显著相关关系,而保护区年均降水量与保护区面积及保护区森林面积显著相关。     

南京地区斑点叉尾鮰养殖池塘水体微生物群落结构研究

微生物群落在水产养殖中起着重要作用,深入了解微生物群落组成及其构建机制对了解池塘生态功能具有重要意义。本研究采用高通量测序技术对南京地区斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)养殖池塘水体中细菌群落结构特征进行了分析。结果显示,斑点叉尾鮰养殖池塘水体细菌群落结构呈现出明显的季节性变化,整个年度水体细菌群落呈现出连续的演替特征,冬季与春季、夏季与秋季的细菌群落结构较为相似。优势菌群主要为蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)。环境因子中,总溶解性悬浮物(TDS)、水温(Temp)、酸碱度(pH)、亚硝酸盐(NO_2~--N)和总有机碳(TOC)与斑点叉尾鮰养殖池塘水体细菌群落结构有显著相关(P0.05),对细菌群落结构的塑造影响也最大(r~20.6)。     

4个双低甘蓝型油菜品种干物质积累及养分吸收动态

采用田问试验研究了4种双低油菜整个生育期内干物质积累及氮磷钾养分吸收动态.结果表明:播种后140 d(苗期)、140～170 d(蕾薹期)、170～199 d(花期)和199～212 d(角果期)4个油菜品种的干物质积累比例分别为12.7%～20.9%、15.3%～20.0%、60.3%～71.7%和-27.4%～-9.1%;氮素积累比例分别为33.3%～47.8%、11.9%～14.7%、15.5%～28.1%和17.7%～28.8%;磷素积累比例分别为23.4%～37.9%、22.5%～29.4%、32.7%～54.1%和-17.2%～-3.O%;钾素积累比例分别为24.7%～33.9%、16.2%～35.9%、31.0%～53.3%和-43.0～-23.5%.表明油菜干物质累积与养分吸收量的变化趋势基本相同,氮素积累量最大时期为苗期,干物质、磷、钾积累量最大时期为花期,干物质及氮磷钾养分积累速率最大时期均为花期.每生产100 kg籽粒养分的需求量平均为N 4.3 kg、P2O5 2.7 kg和K2O 8.7 kg.在同等施肥量水平下,4个油菜品种中,华油杂9号籽粒产量最高,达3 574 kg/hm2;N、P、K养分偏生产力顺序为:中双9号>华油杂9号>华双5号>华双4号.     

原料表面碱液处理对稻草碎料板力学性能的影响

在实验室条件下探索了稻草原料表面碱液处理对稻草碎料板力学性能的影响.试验表明,处理后的稻草碎料板的内结合强度比处理前有大幅度提高,弯曲弹性模量和静曲强度比处理前则有所下降,但都达到了相关的国家标准;2h吸水厚度膨胀率升高,超过国家标准.因此稻草表面碱液处理提高了稻草原料表面润湿性和胶合强度,但对稻草碎料板的力学性能有影响.     

木材防腐剂的登记及质量监督制度探讨

对国内木材防腐的状况、木材防腐剂对人的毒性及对环境的影响、木材防腐剂登记的重要性及措施、防腐材的质量监督制度、以及目前防腐产业面临的迫切问题进行了简要的概述并提出了建议.     

山羊FAM134B基因克隆、序列分析及其mRNA表达与肌内脂肪含量的相关性

FAM134B基因对肌内脂肪沉积有重要的调控作用,为了进一步了解FAM134B基因的结构与功能及其对山羊(Capra hirus)肉质的影响,本研究以川中黑山羊为实验动物,采用RT-PCR技术克隆了山羊FAM134B基因,并对核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析,运用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了FAM134B mRNA的表达情况,对肌肉组织中FAM134B mRNA表达与肌内脂肪(intramuscular fat,IMF)含量进行了关联分析。结果表明,山羊FAM134B基因(GenBank登录号:KF684947.1)cDNA全长1 071 bp,编码356个氨基酸,预测蛋白序列含有4个N-连接的糖基化修饰位点,20多个磷酸化位点;系统进化树分析显示,山羊FAM134B核苷酸序列与牛(Bos taurus)的相似性最高;荧光定量PCR分析表明,FAM134B在山羊的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、背最长肌和腿肌中均有表达,其中在肝脏的表达量最高,脾的表达量最低;相关分析显示:山羊背最长肌、腿肌中FAM134B mRNA表达与肌内脂肪含量呈显著正相关。研究结果显示,FAM134B基因可能对山羊肌内脂肪沉积起着重要的调控作用。本研究为进一步了解FAM134B基因的功能及其在反刍动物IMF代谢中的作用和营养调控机制提供一定基础资料。     

Role of PPARα/PGC-1α in doxorubicin induced mouse dilated cardio-myopathy

AIM: To investigate the changes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)α/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) in doxorubicin (DOX) induced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and its effect on the energy metabolism and myocardial function in mice. METHODS: Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, DOX group, PPARα inhibitor group and PPARα agonist group. The DCM model was established by injection of DOX. The protein levels of PPARα/PGC-1α were detected. The PPARα inhibitor and PPARα agonist were used 2 weeks beforeinjection of DOX. The contents of adenine acid and phosphocreatine (Pcr) in the mitochondria were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ANT activity was analyzed by the atractyloside-inhibitor stop technique. The changes of the echocardiography and hemodynamics were also observed. RESULTS: DOX induced DCM model was successfully established. The protein levels of PPARα and PGC-1α in control group were significantly higher than those in DOX group (P<0.05). Both of the high-energy phosphate contents and the transport activity of ANT were decreased in DOX group (P<0.05), and the hemodynamic parameters were disordered (P<0.01). Compared with DOX group, PPARα inhibitor pre-treatment significantly reduced the PPARα/PGC-1α expression. Meanwhile, high-energy phosphate contents in the mitochondria and the ANT transport activity of the mitochondria decreased, as well as the left ventricular function (P<0.05). On the other hand, PPARα agonist significantly increased the expression of PPARα and PGC-1α, and improved the transport activity of ANT. In addition, the hemodynamic parameters were ameliorated, but the high-energy phosphate contents of the mitochondria did not significantly change. CONCLUSION: PPARα/PGC-1α plays an important role in the regulation of ANT transport activity in dilated cardiomyopathy induced by DOX, and the activation of PPARα/PGC-1α has protective effects on the DCM induced by DOX.     

Expression of miRNA-22 in ovarian cancer and effect of miRNA-22 over-expression on SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell proliferation,migration and invasion

AIM: To examine the expression of miRNA-22 in the ovarian tissues and the effect of miRNA-22 over-expression on the proliferation, migration and invasion in SKOV-3 cells. METHODS: The expression levels of miRNA-22 in different ovarian tissues and SKOV-3 cells were determined by qPCR. miRNA-22 was over-expressed by transfection of miRNA-22 mimic. The cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay. The cell migration was measured by wound healing test. The cell invasion was analyzed by Transwell assay. The protein expression levels of VEGF and P53 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the normal ovarian tissue, the expression level of miRNA-22 was remarkably decreased in the ovarian tumor tissues. After transfection with miRNA-22 mimic, the expression level of miRNA-22 in the SKOV-3 cells was significantly increased, while the cell viability, migration and invasion were obviously decreased. Moreover, the protein expression of VEGF and P53 was dramatically inhibited after over-expression of miRNA-22. CONCLUSION: The decreased miRNA-22 expression may be correlated with the development of ovarian can-cer. Over-expression of miRNA-22 decreases the cell viability, migration and invasion by reducing the protein expression of VEGF and P53.     

短稳杆菌对草地贪夜蛾的杀虫活性及其体内解毒酶的影响

【目的】明确生物农药短稳杆菌对草地贪夜蛾的杀虫活性及其体内解毒酶活性的影响,为草地贪夜蛾的高效绿色防控提供理论依据。【方法】采用叶片浸渍法测定短稳杆菌对草地贪夜蛾1、2和3龄幼虫的室内杀虫活性;通过喷雾法测定短稳杆菌对草地贪夜蛾的田间控制效果;以短稳杆菌亚致死剂量处理草地贪夜蛾幼虫,利用酶标仪检测幼虫体内解毒酶（谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、羧酸酯酶）和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的变化。【结果】室内杀虫活性测定结果显示,短稳杆菌对草地贪夜蛾幼虫具有较强的毒杀作用,取食经1.00×107孢子/mL短稳杆菌处理的玉米叶片72 h后,1、2和3龄幼虫的校正死亡率分别达86.21%、83.05%和58.33%。玉米田施用100亿孢子/mL短稳杆菌悬浮剂800和1000倍液7 d后,对草地贪夜蛾的防治效果分别为95.84%和93.78%,显著高于0.5%苦参碱水剂800倍液处理（P<0.05）,高于200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂2000倍液处理但差异不显著（P>0.05）。亚致死剂量短稳杆菌（LC₂₀）处理后,草地贪夜蛾幼虫体内谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性均有不同程度下降。【结论】短稳杆菌对草地贪夜蛾低龄幼虫具有较好的室内杀虫活性和田间防治效,可作为防治草地贪夜蛾有效的生物农药使用。在玉米田草地贪夜蛾低龄幼虫盛发期,使用100亿孢子/mL短稳杆菌悬浮剂进行防治时,建议使用800~1000倍液喷施。     

山东主要水稻品种演变及系谱分析

50多年来,山东省水稻品种经过4次大的更新,每一次更新都对稻作起到了极大的促进作用。山东水稻品种选育中,桂花黄、日本品种以及地方品种对水稻品种改良起到了关键作用。山东省水稻育种工作还应加大国内外优良稻种资源的引进和利用,并注重应用育种新技术和新方法。