鸡Mx蛋白抗病毒作用研究进展

Mx蛋白是在脊椎动物机体细胞受病毒感染或诱生剂处理时由Ⅰ型干扰素诱导表达的一种抗病毒蛋白。Mx 蛋白具有良好的抗病毒能力,靶向许多 RNA 病毒,诸如流感病毒、水疱性口炎病毒、狂犬病毒等,对某些 DNA 病毒,例如乙型肝炎病毒也有一定的作用。近年来,基于鸡的 Mx 蛋白抗病毒作用及机制的相关研究逐渐增多,取得了一些进展。论文就近年来鸡 Mx 蛋白的抗病毒机制与分子生物学特点进行综述,针对鸡 Mx 蛋白在抗病毒与品种鸡抗病育种筛选等应用前景进行分析与探讨。     

凡纳滨对虾在微囊藻毒素(MC-LR)诱导下3种抗菌肽基因的表达量分析

蓝藻水华可产生大量藻毒素,其中以微囊藻毒素危害最大。研究表明微囊藻毒素可影响包括虾类在内的多种水生生物的生长和繁殖,亦可导致虾类免疫系统受损。本研究通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测了在微囊藻毒素MC-LR作用下,凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)体液免疫中3种主要的抗菌肽基因(Penaeidin 3、Crustin和ALF)的表达量变化情况,发现Penaeidin 3和ALF受到MC-LR影响较大,Crustin基因表达量虽有所上调,但变化不大。同时,通过再次注射鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)对3种抗菌肽在MC-LR影响下抗菌能力的检测,发现3种抗菌肽表现出相对一致的变化,即表达量均在前期下调,4 h后逐渐上调,在MC-LR处理组中的表达量低于对照组的趋势。结果表明MC-LR可能通过直接或间接的方式影响对虾3种抗菌肽基因的表达,对免疫系统造成损伤,致使对虾抗病能力减弱;这一结果表明,长期发生铜绿微囊藻水华的虾池对虾存活率下降,可能与微囊藻毒素影响对虾抗菌肽基因的表达有关。     

大口黑鲈胰腺的组织学观察

采用组织切片和免疫组化技术对大口黑鲈的胰腺进行了组织学观察。经H-E染色和G-醛复红染色了的切片显示:大口黑鲈腹腔中10多个肉眼可见的黄白色颗粒物其实是被一层结缔组织和外分泌胰腺包裹着的胰岛结构,其中最大的一个即为主岛;还有许多肉眼不可见的胰岛结构被埋藏于总胆管的管壁中;肝脏中有外分泌胰腺的存在与分布。过氧化物酶标记的链霉卵白素免疫组化切片和图像分析显示:B细胞主要集中胰岛的中央区;A细胞分布于胰岛的全部。本研究的结论为:大口黑鲈的内分泌胰腺主要分布于总胆管周围,外分泌胰腺除了包裹于胰岛之外也分布于肝脏中,胰腺的分布属于弥散型。     

Effect of component II of broccoli polypeptide on glioma cell apoptosis

AIM：To explore the effect of component II of broccoli polypeptide on the apoptosis in glioma cells. METHODS：Human glioma SHG-44 cells were cultured and divided into control group and 3, 10, 30 and 100 mg/L component II of broccoli polypeptide groups. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. The apoptotic rates were examined by Annexin V/PI staining. The morphological changes of the cells were observed under inverted microscope. The protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. The protein level of caspase-3 was also examined by Western blotting. RESULTS：Treatment with component II of broccoli polypeptide for 24 h, 48 h or 72 h induced significant inhibition of viability of SHG-44 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The results of Annexin V/PI staining showed that the apoptotic rates were increased in treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner. The density of glioma cells was decreased after treated with increasing concentrations of the drug, and the apoptotic bodies were observed under inverted microscope at 72 h. The results of immunocytochemistry and Western blotting showed that the expression of Bax protein was increased but Bcl-2 protein expression was decreased, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased significantly compared with control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The level of caspase-3 protein was increased in 30 and 100 mg/L component II of broccoli polypeptide groups compared with control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION：The component II of broccoli polypeptide increases the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and activates caspase-3 protein, thus inducing the apoptosis of glioma cells.     

Simple and effective method for monitoring ambulatory electrocardiogram in toads

AIM：To screen out a suitable lead for monitoring the ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) in unrestrained toad, and to investigate its practicability. METHODS：After subcutaneously implanting the electrodes in toads under anaesthesia, the ambulatory ECG of 5 leads were monitored with BL-420S data acquisition and analysis system, and the leads which could well express the waveform in ECG were screened out. The recovery process of the toads from the artificial hibernation within 6 h, the day-to-day stability of the heart rate (HR) and the heart rate variability (HRV) in 5 successive days of hibernation, and the HR and HRV after freeze-thawing process were monitored to determine its practicability. RESULTS：Two out of 5 leads showed better ECG waveforms. Compared with 6 h post hibernation, lowered HR at 0 h and 1 h was observed, and the standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (SDNN) was significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), but the HR and SDNN from 2 to 5 h showed no significant difference, suggesting that the cardiac function reached the steady state after 2 h recovery. The HR at 2 h and 4 h on day 4 and day 5 decreased significantly compared with that on day 1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), followed with a significant increase in SDNN (P<0.05 or P<0.01), suggesting that the ECG remained stable within 3 d. The HR increased, while SDNN decreased significantly at 1 h and 12 h post-thawing compared with that at pre-freeze (P<0.05), indicating the damaged cardiac function after freeze-thawing process. CONCLUSION：The method of subcutaneously implanting electrodes is suitable for effectively monitoring the ambulatory ECG in toads.     

早熟优质西瓜新品种‘兴桂3号’的选育

‘兴桂3号’是以‘TZS-e’为母本、‘LPCS-a’为父本育成的早熟优质有籽西瓜新品种。该品种全生育期春季栽培80-87 d,秋季栽培60-66 d,果实发育期25-28 d。果实短椭圆形,果皮青绿色覆深绿色清晰宽条带。果皮厚度0.7-1.0 cm,不易裂瓜,抗压及耐贮运性好。瓜瓤鲜红色,瓤质细嫩、实脆,清甜爽口,中心可溶性固形物含量11.5%以上。单果质量2.0-3.5 kg,露地栽培每667 m2产量2 000-2 500 kg,大棚栽培每667 m^2产量2 500-3 200 kg。大棚和露地均适宜栽培。2013年6月通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号：桂审瓜2013017号。     

池塘投饵机控制系统

根据北方池塘投铒的实际要求，结合电路控制的各项性能，研制开发了一种新型的投铒机控制系统。应用逻辑电路和定时器电路进行控制，使用拨码开关技术设置定时时间、自动重复启动的间隔时间和投铒的各项参数，并具有延时投铒功能。操作简单直观、定时准确、抗干扰能力强，解决了定时定量、准确投喂的问题，避免了铒料投喂的浪费。     

中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞的超微结构

改进常规血液细胞电镜制样技术 ,直接取中华绒螯蟹 (Eriocheirsinensis)血淋巴液固定、脱水、包埋、电镜观察。结果显示 ,中华绒螯蟹血淋巴具有 3类细胞 ,即无颗粒细胞、小颗粒细胞和大颗粒细胞。其中 ,无颗粒细胞的核质比最大 ,异染色质高度浓缩、边缘化 ,几乎没有常染色质 ,胞质内线粒体数目相对较多 ,与高等动物的中幼红细胞结构很相似 ,该细胞数目在中华绒螯蟹血淋巴中最多 ,可能担负着血液的能量转换功能 ;小颗粒细胞核内常染色质较多 ,内质网、高尔基体发达 ,胞质中存在 0 .2～ 0 .4 μm的电子致密颗粒 ,而且胞质中有许多大小不一的空泡 ,细胞表面有许多突起似伪足 ,类似高等动物的单核细胞 ,可能具有吞噬和消化异物的功能 ;大颗粒细胞胞质中的颗粒较大 ,直径 1.4～ 2 .0 μm ,胞质中具空泡 ,细胞表面也常见伪足突起 ,类似高等动物的嗜酸性粒细胞     

B细胞淋巴瘤-2家族蛋白与细胞凋亡简

细胞凋亡是由多基因控制的细胞自主有序的死亡,以维持内环境稳定。其在多细胞生物的组织分化、器官发育、机体稳态的维持中有重要意义。细胞凋亡可促进因感染、损伤所致的细胞死亡并被机体清除,临床上细胞凋亡与许多疾病有直接关系。B细胞淋巴瘤-2（Bcl-2）家族蛋白是参与细胞凋亡的重要调节分子,既可抑制也可促进细胞凋亡。作者概述了Bcl-2蛋白家族成员、结构特点、Bcl-2蛋白家族与细胞凋亡的关系及生物学意义。