Green tea polyphenols supplementation alters immunometabolism and oxidative stress in dairy cows with hyperketonemia

Peripartal cows often experience negative energy balance, and are therefore prone to suffering from metabolic diseases such as hyperketonemia, which causes financial losses in dairy farms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea polyphenol (GTP) supplementation during the periparturient period on production performance, oxidative stress and immunometabolism in dairy cows with hyperketonemia. One hundred Holstein cows were assigned to GTP (0.2 g/kg DM; n = 50) or control (without GTP; n = 50) group based on body weight, previous milk yield, and parity on d 15 before expected parturition. Subsequently, 10 cows with hyperketonemia were selected from each group, according to blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration between 1.2 and 2.9 mmol/L from 2 to 3 d postpartum. All cows were fed a close-up diet and a lactation diet with or without GTP supply from 15 d prepartum until 30 d postpartum. Milk and blood samples were obtained from 20 cows selected with hyperketonemia on 10, 20, and 30 d postpartum. Compared with control cows, greater milk yield and lower somatic cell count were observed in GTP cows. The GTP group had lower concentrations of BHBA, free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, greater concentrations of glucose, lower activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glutamyl transpeptidase, alongside greater activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, GTP supplementation up-regulated concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, but down-regulated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-8, and interferon-γ in plasma. Greater concentrations of plasma immunoglobulin G were also detected in the GTP group. Overall, the data suggested that GTP supplementation from 15 d prepartum to 30 d postpartum improved the milk yield and health status in cows with hyperketonemia during early lactation.     

南方冬种马铃薯杀秧机的设计

根据南方冬种马铃薯机械化收获的农艺要求,仿照马铃薯播种机所形成的垄形,设计一种适合于南方冬种马铃薯的杀秧除草设备。利用Solid Work设计传动系统、刀辊和刀具,并对刀具进行有限元受力分析。受力仿真分析及刀辊动平衡试验结果表明,马铃薯杀秧机能够满足设计的要求。     

育种咨询系统中的水稻杂交后代性状预测

杂交育种是一个很复杂的组合过程。由于指导育种的遗传学原理还远不够完善,因此,在实践中更多的是依赖育种家的经验和技巧,从而造成了育种工作中一定程度上的盲目性。为了提高育种效率,有必要发展一套为育种工作服务的咨询系统。利用它协助育种家收集数据、分析育种过程。本文重点阐述水稻杂交咨询系统研制中的杂交后代性状预测方法及原理。     

苹果果实表皮总蛋白提取及双向电泳方法的优化

以苹果果实表皮为试材,采用3种方法提取果实表皮总蛋白,并对双向电泳(2-DE)操作体系进行优化。结果表明:改良酚提法适于苹果果实表皮总蛋白的提取,优化后的2-DE分离体系为预制IPG胶条18cm pH 4~7,上样量600μg,改进后的等电聚焦程序,浓度16%的分离胶,适于苹果果实表皮总蛋白的2-DE分离。     

外源乙烯和1-甲基环丙烯处理对采后胡萝卜品质的影响

以胡萝卜为试材,采用乙烯及乙烯受体抑制剂(1-甲基环丙烯)处理,通过对贮藏60d后胡萝卜的品质劣变率(长须根率、腐烂指数、出薹率)、外观指数、可溶性糖含量及多酚氧化酶活性进行测定,研究了1-MCP对胡萝卜采后贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:1-MCP结合手洗贮藏可抑制胡萝卜贮藏期间的品质劣变率、抑制可溶性糖含量的损失、保持较高的外观指数及抑制多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性。手洗后贮藏则可有效改善胡萝卜贮藏期间的表皮褐变问题。     

野生老芒麦种质资源鉴定与基部叶鞘绒毛变异分析

为更好地利用老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus L.)野生资源,本研究从我国青藏高原、西北、华北、东北地区以及国外部分地区共采集了1 723份野生披碱草属种质资源,通过表型特征观测和流式细胞仪检测,共鉴定出了990份野生老芒麦种质,246份垂穗披碱草种质,并测得老芒麦的DNA含量在5.86～7.30 Gb之间,平均DNA含量为6.66 Gb;垂穗披碱草材料的DNA含量在9.50～10.36 Gb之间,平均DNA含量为9.97 Gb。研究结果显示,在西北、华北以及东北地区的部分野生老芒麦材料在苗期基部叶鞘出现了绒毛,分析发现该表型出现的概率与经度和纬度呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与海拔、年年均气温以及年平均降雨量呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。表明老芒麦苗期基部叶鞘绒毛的有无与环境因子之间存在着必然的联系,可能是老芒麦种质应对不同环境类型的适应性机制之一。本研究为老芒麦的形态鉴定提供了新的依据,为老芒麦种质资源挖掘和育种应用提供了材料基础。     

猪源ST9型耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌中前噬菌体的流行状况与转导分析

本研究旨在分析猪源ST9型耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)中前噬菌体的流行情况、结构特点和转导能力,探究前噬菌体在猪源MRSA流行克隆形成中的作用。基于全基因组信息,分析了近年来从我国多省分离的131株ST9型MRSA中前噬菌体的流行率、分型、亲缘关系和结构特征;选取含不同分型前噬菌体的菌株进行诱导,对诱导获得的噬菌体颗粒进行转导,测定转导子的耐药表型及体外适应性。研究结果显示：猪源ST9型MRSA的前噬菌体携带率为78.6%(103/131株),其中,63株携带完整前噬菌体序列,所有前噬菌体序列均不含耐药基因,仅2.9%(3/103株)的前噬菌体序列含毒力基因;前噬菌体谱型丰富,其整合酶分型主要为Sa2int和Sa4int;各型别前噬菌体结构同源性较高,完整前噬菌体可被诱导为长尾噬菌体;噬菌体颗粒可包装供体菌的aadD、tet(L)耐药基因并转导至受体菌中;转导子可获得卡那霉素、四环素耐药表型,体外生长能力与受体菌株无明显差异(P>0.05)。研究结果表明：猪源ST9型MRSA的前噬菌体携带率较高,谱型丰富,不携带耐药基因,部分噬菌体可包装供体菌的耐药基因转导至受体菌,产生的适应性代价小。     

Simulation on the Characteristics of Flow Pattern in Sprial uP-flow Reactor

In order to analyze the reason why the Spiral Up-flow Reactor system has excellent removal effect of COD, N and P, the authors use PHOENICS, a computational fluid dynamics program, to investigate the hydraulic characteristics and flow model of the anaerobic part of Spiral uP-flow reactor. The result shows that the fluid in the reactor unit flowed upward by the spiral way, and that flow pattern was combined by plug flow and complete-mix flow, and that the percentage of plug flow was about sixty-five percent. Spiral Up-flow Reactor units the Characteristics of PFR and CSTR, which makes it work well.     

Test Analysis of Ecosystem on Functional Groups of Microorganism in Spiral Up- flow Reactor System

The test of functional groups of microorganisms in Spiral Up-flow Reactor System and the correlation between microorganisms in the water and the main environmental factors are studied.The results show that the diversity of microorganisms population in the SUFR system is complex and the bio-community formed in the SUFR system is stable.The close relations between abundance of bacteria and nutrients are found.The correlation between heterotrophic bacteria and COD is 0.949.The correlation between organic phosphate bacteria and TP is 0.815. The correlation between nitrosobacteria and NH_3-N is 0.909. The correlation between disnitrifier bacteria and TN is 0.653.