信息熵综合评价方法在小麦品种区域试验中的应用

运用信息熵原理,建立了作物品种综合评价模型,提出了品种多目标综合评价方法,结合小麦品种区域试验,具体介绍了这种方法的应用.研究表明,信息熵综合评价方法对于客观综合评价品种,具有重要的参考价值.     

水芋体细胞胚胎发生及植株再生休系的建立

以水芋幼叶为外植体,应用均匀设计法筛选其最适合的胚性愈伤组织及胚性细胞复合体诱导、体细胞胚胎发育及植株再生的培养基,建立了水芋体细胞胚胎发生体系.对不同阶段培养材料的形态结构及超微结构的观察证明了水芋体细胞胚胎的发育过程.结果表明:水芋叶片胚性愈伤组织及胚性细胞复合体诱导最适宜培养基为:LS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+2,4-D 2.0mg/L,诱导率为98.5%;体胚发育及植株再生最适宜的培养基为:LS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L+IAA 1.0 mg/L,体胚萌发率为96%,萌发的体胚在发育培养基上继续培养25 d后全部发育成完整植株.     

两种捕食螨对紫跳虫的捕食功能研究

研究热带吸螨(Bdella tropica Atyeo)和分吸螨(Bdella distincta Baker and Balogh)对紫跳虫(Hypogastrura communis Folsom)的捕食功能反应,结果表明:两种捕食螨均能捕食紫跳虫,且热带吸螨对紫跳虫的瞬时发现率(a=0.7132)高于分吸螨(a=0.5839),但猎物处理时间(Th=0.3269 d)长于分吸螨(Th=0.1938 d),因此理论最大捕食量(Namax.=3.06)也低于分吸螨(N=5.16),参数a/Th说明分吸螨对紫跳虫的捕食功能比热带吸螨高.     

沈阳市优质高产水稻品种品比试验研究

对引进的14个水稻新品种进行品比试验,鉴定各品种的丰产性、抗逆性及适应条件。试验表明:适合在沈阳地区示范推广的主要品种为辽星1号、千重浪2号、盐粳68、辽优1052和盐丰47;辽优1052相对比较适宜沈阳市以南的中晚熟稻区,并提出了部分品种在推广中应注意的问题,为水稻品种的选用提供参考。     

SSR标记在小麦遗传育种中的应用研究进展

SSR(simple sequence repeat)标记是建立在PCR基础上的一种新型DNA分子标记。由于SSR在普通小麦中多态性丰富,随机分布于小麦的整个基因组中,多数表现为共显性,所以它是进行小麦遗传研究的理想工具。本文就SSR标记在构建小麦遗传连锁图谱、标记和定位目的基因、鉴定和标记染色体片段、鉴定品种、遗传多样性分析和标记辅助选择等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

武夷肉桂茶品质差异分析及其与矿质元素间的关系

为探明不同等级武夷肉桂茶品质差异,分析造成茶叶品质差异的原因,以649个不同等级武夷肉桂茶为研究对象,分别进行感官审评及主要滋味物质和矿质元素测定。结果表明:获奖肉桂茶滋味物质含量比未入围肉桂茶丰富。不同等级武夷肉桂茶除K、Mg、Mn、Co外,大多数矿质元素含量之间没有显著差异。限制性主坐标轴分析表明,品质指标对武夷肉桂茶等级间差异的总差异解释达到43.391%,矿质元素解释度仅有26.996%。热图分析表明,武夷肉桂茶RA(特等奖)和RB(一等奖)在总黄酮、可溶性糖、茶多酚、咖啡因、EGCG、EGC、GC、GCG等指标显著积累,其酚氨比更高,RC(优质奖)和RD(未入围)在Mn和Mg有显著积累。相关性分析表明,武夷肉桂茶等级与茶多酚、EGCG、酚氨比、咖啡碱、ECG、EGC呈显著正相关,与Mn含量呈显著负相关。研究结果可为客观判别武夷肉桂茶的品质差异提供一定的理论依据。     

低分子量有机酸对促进可变电荷土壤中铝溶解的影响

Low-molecular-weight （LMW） organic acids exist widely in soils and play an important role in soil processes such as mineral weathering, nutrient mobilization and A1 detoxification. In this research, a batch experiment was conducted to examine the effects of LMW organic acids on dissolution of aluminum in two variably charged soils, an Ultisol and an Oxisol. The results showed that the LMW organic acids enhanced the dissolution of A1 in the two investigated soils in the following order： citric 〉 oxalic 〉 malonic 〉 malic 〉 tartaric 〉 salicylic 〉 lactic 〉 maleic. This was generally in agreement with the magnitude of the stability constants for the Al-organic complexes. The effects of LMW organic acids on Al dissolution were greater in the Ultisol than in the Oxisol as compared to their controls. Also, the accelerating effects of citric and oxalic acids on dissolution of A1 increased with an increase in pH, while the effects of lactic and salicylic acids decreased. Additionally, when the organic acid concentration was less than 0.2 mmol L-I, the dissolution of A1 changed Iittle with increase in acid concentration. However, when the organic acid concentration was greater than 0.2 mmol L^-1,the dissolution of A1 increased with increase in acid concentration. In addition to the acid first dissociation constant and stability constant of Al-organic complexes, the promoting effects of LMW organic acids on dissolution of A1 were also related to their sorption-desorption equilibrium in the soils.     

宁夏引黄灌区农田土壤酶活性及其空间变异

采集了同一地点不同土地利用方式,及不同地点不同典型土地利用类型下银川平原的灌淤土样品,在分析了土壤基本理化性质的基础上,用奈氏比色法、苯磷酸二钠比色法和高锰酸钾滴定法,分别测定了宁夏引黄灌区农田不同利用方式下土壤的磷酸酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶的活性状况,并对土壤酶活性与土壤的基本理化性质的相关性进行了相关分析。结果表明,土地利用方式对三种酶活性有很大的影响。12年果园磷酸酶活性最高,常年旱田脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性最高,而盐化旱田及常年淹水的稻田,三种酶活性都很低。脲酶活性与土壤全氮之间显著正相关,全磷与三种酶活性都极显著相关,三种酶之间达到显著或极显著正相关关系。表明磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性的大小可以敏感地表征宁夏引黄灌区土壤肥力和生产力的高低。     

Vehicle Lateral Stability Control Based on Sliding Model Control

In view of the vehicle cornering or path changing under ultimate handling maneuver, a 3-DOF nonlinear vehicle dynamics model which takes the vehicle lateral velocity, yaw rate and body roll angle as the State variables is presented. Based on the dynamic analysis, the method which using additional yaw moment produced by different longitudinal braking force among each wheels to improving vehicle handling stability in emergency situations is discussed. Considering the sideslip angle as one of the vehicle state variables is difficult to measuring, the sideslip angle estimation based on vehicle dynamic model and kinematics is designed. And then, based on the theory of siding model control, the combining sliding model control system is founded, which taking the vehicle yaw rate and body side-slip angle errors between the estimated and the real as the input variables, and taking the braking torque and the steering angle as control aims. The simulation results indicate that the control method can effectively improve the vehicle lateral handling stability.