酶解羽毛粉对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

选用192只23周龄产蛋良好的海兰褐商品蛋鸡,探讨日粮中添加不同比例的酶解羽毛粉对蛋鸡生产性能的影响,设3个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复16只鸡,三层阶梯式笼养,自由采食和饮水,进行饲养试验。试验期为30d。对各处理组的蛋鸡日只耗料量、产蛋率、日只产蛋量、平均蛋重、料蛋比的记录数据进行统计分析,研究用羽毛粉代替部分植物蛋白饲料（豆粕）的可行性。结果表明,日粮中添加2．5％和5％酶解羽毛粉对蛋鸡日只耗料量、产蛋率、日只产蛋量、平均蛋重、料蛋比5项指标均无显著影响（P〉0．05）。因此,在蛋鸡日粮中用羽毛粉代替部分植物蛋白饲料原料是经济可行的。大力开发利用羽毛粉,对解决我国目前蛋白资源紧缺的状况具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

狐群突发犬瘟热的防治体会

2005年8月10日至9月10日,某养狐基地发生主要危害幼狐的急性传染病,特征是病狐呈现复相热、鼻炎、支气管炎及呼吸和消化严重障碍,少数病例出现脑炎症状。经流行病学调查、临床检查、病理剖检、实验室检查,确诊为犬瘟热。现报告如下:1发病情况2005年8月5日,该畜牧小区内一养殖户从外地购进一批北极狐,未经隔离观察便放入小区内的笼舍,8月10日原有幼狐开始发病,并迅速波及全群,10天左右其存栏的100余只狐全部死亡,由于户主没有及时报告疫情,疫情进一步扩大,8月20日整个小区内存栏1万余只狐,发病的有980只,发病率为9.8%。通过集体会诊,确定了紧…     

杏品种过氧化物酶同工酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离技术，对杏（Ｐｕｒｎｕｓａｒｍｅｎｉａｃａ）中９９个品种（类型）１ａ生枝皮过氧化物酶同工酶（ＰＯＤ）进行了测定，结果出现５６种同工酶谱型，其中有３５个品种的谱型是各自独有，可被一一分开，约占总供试品种的３５．４％，其余６４个品种分属于其它２１种谱型，每谱型含２～５个品种。本文还就杏品种分类问题进行了讨论。     

Effect of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide complex with Ce (IV) on growth,immunity and disease resistance against Vibrio splendidus of sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicas

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide complex with cerium (Ce IV) (COS‐Ce) on growth performance, nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicas. Five isonitrogenous (18.6%) and isolipidic (1.1%) practical diets were formulated with graded level of COS‐Ce (0, 150, 300, 600 and 1200 mg kg^?1 dry feed), which were named as COS‐Ce/0, COS‐Ce/150, COS‐Ce/300, COS‐Ce/600, COS‐Ce/1200 respectively. Each diet was allocated to four replicates of sea cucumbers (Initial weight: 6.72 ± 0.02 g). Sea cucumbers were fed to apparent satiation once daily (19:00 hours) for 56 days. During the experiment, water temperature was kept at 16 ± 0.5°C, pH 7.8–8.2, dissolved oxygen beyond 5 mg L^?1, ammonia nitrogen below 0.5 mg L^?1 and salinity from 30‰ to 31‰. Results showed that the specific growth rate of sea cucumbers was significantly higher in COS‐Ce/600 than that in other four treatments. Activities of phagocytosis, respiratory burst, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in COS‐Ce/600 were significantly higher than that in COS‐Ce/0 (P < 0.05) respectively. On the contrary, cumulative mortality was the lowest in COS‐Ce/600 following 14 days exposure to Vibrio splendidus (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results confirmed that dietary COS‐Ce had beneficial effects on growth performance, nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumber.     

黄淮麦区小麦品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基及亚基组成与品质性状关系的研究

对黄淮麦区的77个不同小麦品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基及亚基组成与蛋白质含量和沉降值之间的关系进行了研究,结果表明:Glu-1三位点的亚基等位变异共有13种,A1位点亚基1出现频率最高,为71.05%,亚基2*最低,仅为3.94%;B1位点亚基7 9和7 8相对频率最高,分别为43.42%和31.58%,亚基17 18出现频率最低,为1.32%;D1位点亚基2 12出现频率最高,为52.63%,亚基4 12最低,为3.16%。值得注意的是,优质亚基14 15和5 10,在B1和D1位点分别出现了较高的频率,为10.53%和31.21%。三位点亚基对蛋白质含量的效应分别表示为:1≥2*>Null,14 15≥17 18≥7 8>7>7 9>20≥6 8,5 10>2 12≥4 12。对沉降值的效应分别表示为:2*≥1>Null,14 15≥7 8>7≥17 18>7 9≥20>6 8,5 10>2 12≥4 12。在蛋白质含量水平上,亚基组成1、14 15、2 12,1、7 8、5 10,1、7、5 10和1、7 9、5 10相对较高;在沉降值水平上,亚基组成1、7 8、5 10和1、14 15、2 12相对较高。因此,研究认为三位点分别为1或2*、7 8或14 15、5 10是品质优良的最佳亚基组合。     

利用过氧化物酶同工酶进行苹果矮化砧早期预选的研究

利用过氧化物酶同工酶分析方法,对１５９株苹果矮化砧杂交后代进行了早期预选。     

Cloning,expression, and induction by 17-β estradiol (E<Subscript>2</Subscript>) of a vitellogenin gene in the white cloud mountain minnow <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tanichthys albonubes</Emphasis>

Vitellogenins (Vtgs), the precursors for the yolk proteins, are very important for the embryonic development of teleosts, and have also been studied extensively as biomarkers for environmental estrogenic mimics. The cDNA for a Vtg was isolated from the liver of the female white cloud mountain minnow (Tanichthys albonubes) by 3′- and 5′-RACE methods. It is 4,171 bp in full length, and encodes a putative protein of 1,326 amino acids. This putative Vtg, designated as wcmmVtg, contains complete portions of LVI and PV, but lacks the C-terminal half of LVII and thus belongs to type I vitellogenin. In addition to the liver of the female fish, wcmmVtg was also shown to be expressed in the ovary. During ovarian development, the mRNA expression of wcmmVtg in both the liver and ovary was continuously increased from the previtellogenic to late vitellogenic stages, but then decreased significantly at post-spawning stage. In the male fish, expression of wcmmVtg mRNA was induced in the liver by treatment with E₂ (10 and 100 ng/l) for 14 days. These results suggest that the Vtg originated from the ovary of the white cloud mountain minnow may also contribute to the accumulation of yolk proteins during oocyte growth, and that the male white cloud mountain minnow is sensitive to the estrogenic treatment in terms of Vtg mRNA expression, which could also be applied to monitor the environmental estrogenic mimics.     

鹿茸对昆明小鼠精子质量的影响

目的本试验旨在探究鹿茸对昆明小鼠精子质量的影响。方法雄性昆明小鼠48只随机分为空白对照组以及3mg/kg低剂量组、6mg/kg中剂量组和12mg/kg高剂量组,连续经口灌胃鹿茸14d。结果灌胃给雄性昆明小鼠6mg/kg鹿茸和12mg/kg鹿茸时精子活动率、精子数量和精子成活率显著高于对照组;高、中、低三个剂量组对精子畸形率均无显著影响。结论灌胃给药6mg/kg和12mg/kg鹿茸时,可提高雄性昆明小鼠的精子质量。     

Comparison of immune responses and antioxidant status of different generations of growth‐selected Portunus trituberculatus families

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of inbreeding on the immune responses and antioxidant status of Portunus trituberculatus juveniles. Results showed that inbreeding affected the total haemocyte count, and phagocytic, pro‐phenoloxidase (propo), phenoloxidase and antibacterial activities decreased after the seventh generation. Antioxidant status showed a similar pattern: total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and GSH/GSSG in the cell‐free haemolymph and hepatopancreas decreased, while catalase activity in the cell‐free haemolymph increased (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in α₂‐macroglobulin and bacteriolytic activities in the cell‐free haemolymph and glutathione peroxidase activity in the cell‐free haemolymph and hepatopancreas among nine inbreeding generations. Gene expression levels of proPO and crustin in haemocytes and SOD in haemocytes and hepatopancreas also decreased significantly as the inbreeding generations increased. The results suggest that a high level of inbreeding could severely reduce the physiological health of P. trituberculatus. Our obtained data would be particularly useful for P. trituberculatus breeding programmes.