徽州区农业信息化建设现状与对策

分析安徽省黄山市徽州区区农业信息化建设的现状、成效及存在的问题,强调了加快农业信息化建设的重要性和紧迫性,并结合区情实际提出加快发展的相应对策.     

乡村振兴背景下民宿景观评价与设计研究——以张家界市五号山谷民宿为例

指出了目前民宿景观以"个体发展"为主,表面化与同质化现象较严重,而多元化的民宿景观是乡村可持续发展的重要方向。以发挥景观的多元价值、助力乡村振兴为导向,运用专家法及层次分析法建立了乡村民宿景观评价体系,以五号山谷为例,论证了其合理性与可行性,同时从景观的生态、社会、经济、美学价值四个方面出发,就如何推进乡村发展提出了相应的策略,探讨了景观的发展目标与设计要点,以期为我国未来乡村民宿景观建设以及乡村振兴发展提供参考。     

tva受体基因起始密码子突变对鸡感染A亚群禽白血病病毒的影响

【目的】探索tva受体基因起始密码子突变(tva c.3G>A)对鸡感染A亚群禽白血病病毒(Avian leukemia virus subgroup A, ALV-A)的影响。【方法】利用Sanger测序和RT-PCR验证我国黄羽肉鸡存在tva c.3G>A突变。利用流式细胞术检测tva c.3G>A突变对鸡体外感染RCASBP(A)-GFP荧光报告病毒的影响。通过ALV-A体内攻毒试验,探究tva c.3G>A突变对鸡体内感染ALV-A的影响。利用直接测序方法对我国黄羽肉鸡品系tva c.3G>A突变位点进行基因分型。【结果】Sanger测序和RT-PCR结果鉴定我国黄羽肉鸡品系tva基因编码区第3位碱基由G突变为A,该突变引起tva基因起始密码子序列由ATG突变为ATA。流式细胞术检测结果显示野生型tva c.3G/G鸡胚成纤维细胞(Chicken embryo fibroblast, CEF)对RCASBP(A)-GFP易感,纯合突变型tva c.3A/A CEF抗RCASBP(A)-GFP感染,表明tva c.3G>A突变导致鸡体外抗RCA...     

Evaluation of Nitric Acid Extraction of Elements from Soils and Sediments in Two watersheds in East Tennessee

Determining the total elemental concentrations of soils requires a total dissolution method, in which hydrofluoric acid (HF) is commonly used. However, this method is tedious and risky due to the dangerous reagent HF. This study compared a single acid extraction technique using a nitric acid (HNO₃) extraction method to total dissolution (HF + microwave assisted aqua regia) for evaluating the total elemental concentrations in soils and sediments. The two methods were used to analyze the elemental content of soils and sediments from the Oostanaula Creek and Pond Creek watersheds in East Tennessee. Twenty-one elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Nd, P, S, Si, Sr, Ti, V, Zn, and Zr) were subsequently measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The extraction efficiency for HNO₃ relative to the total was compared and discussed. In general, HNO₃ can extract the elements in absorbed phases and those residing in non-silicate minerals. Six elements (Ba, Co, Fe, Ca, Mn, and P) generated significant correlations between total and HNO₃ in both OC and PC watersheds. Finally, the elements were grouped according to the interrelationships of their total elemental concentrations based on the dendrogram plots, suggesting their geochemical association in soils and sediment forming minerals.     

Molecular identification of the powdery mildew fungus infecting rubber trees in China

Powdery mildew is a foliar disease of rubber trees. It is one of the most important leaf diseases in rubber plantations worldwide. The causal agent of this powdery mildew, previously known as Oidium heveae, has been identified under various names. To precisely identify the causal agents of this disease, 57 conidial samples were collected from 2013 to 2017 in Hainan, Yunnan and Guangdong provinces, the main rubber tree planting regions in China. Based on morphological observations using light and scanning electron microscopy, pathogenicity testing, and nrDNA ITS and 28S sequences, Erysiphe quercicola is suggested as the only causal agent of rubber tree powdery mildew in China.     

红外复合加热型连续式智能串烤机设计与试验

基于Android平台与ATMEGA328P嵌入式系统开发,结合温控模型及传热分析等多种技术优化研制连续型自动串烤工艺系统及设备。结合中红外与电热管复合加热及同步链输送系统,设计出能适应不同直径的自旋转插拔式串签夹持机构实现物料连续化烤制,建立烤制过程基于热量平衡原理的温度控制模型,结合自适应粒子群算法(PSO)优化神经网络PID算法实现设定参数恒温控制,利用红外热成像技术对不同功率红外烤制肉制品的传热特性、辐射穿透深度、中心截面温度分布进行分析,开发完成了Atmega328P单片机逻辑运算控制系统及Android端触屏控制界面,并对该样机工艺系统肉制品连续烤制效果进行分析。系统试验结果表明:同步链输送系统与自旋机构结合实现连续化烤制过程,自旋转插拔式串签夹持器可适应直径2～6 mm范围串签,机构夹持力应不低于0.265 N,设备运行速度1 m/min时串签旋转速度5.3 r/min,恒温控制采用PSO优化神经网络PID模型得P=0.218 1,I=0.63,D=-0.151 9,烤制温度设定为160℃时上下偏差分别为2.4与2.7℃,最大波动范围5.1℃;不同功率红外管烤制物料表面温度达到100℃左右时,2 000 W中波红外管烤制效果较好,物料辐射传热穿透层深约2 mm,内部则以热传导为主,内外温差约25℃;ATMEGA328P嵌入式控制系统动作准确,Android触屏控制界面操作响应灵敏;物料烤制时间最短为6 min,生产能力为1 200串/h,为工业连续化串烤生产提供技术参考。     

大豆新品种豫豆22号的选育及丰产稳产性分析

针对目前黄淮海夏大豆品种存在的突出缺点,采用有效的复合杂交方法,将两种性状差异悬泊优良亲本综合起来,经系谱法定向选择,抗逆性鉴定,决选出售要高产,稳产,高蛋白于一体的夏大豆新品种豫豆２２号。经两年１３点次河南省大豆品种区域试验,平均单产２７４６．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,较ｃｋ显著增产;丰产稳产性分析,该品种属高产稳产类型。     

大豆新品种豫豆18号的选育及高产稳产性分析

豫豆１８号丰产、稳产、早熟、优质（蛋白质含量４３．２６％）,适应性强。河南省２年区试比对照豫豆２号增产１９．０％,３年国家区试比对照中豆１９号增产１１．０８％,两年河南省生产试验比对照中豆１９号平均增产１１．２％,综合评比居供试材料首位。     

桑蚕摘除部分感觉器对人工饲料摄食性的影响

桑蚕摘除了触角,下颚须或下颚瘤状体后,对人工饲料的摄食性均显著提高,摄食性个体差异减小,对桑叶或人工饲料正趋性强的个体,其摄食性较高,人工饲料中不仅存在蚕的味觉有明显抑制作用的物质,也存在对嗅觉有忌避作用的成分,嗅觉在决定对人工饲料摄食性方面具有重要作用。     

杂交授粉方式对辣椒制种效果的影响

以甘科5号杂交制种双亲为试验材料,对辣椒制种常用的3种杂交授粉方式进行了比较。结果表明,镊子去雄-栓线标记处理(传统法)的制种效果较好,座果率、种子产量和质量均极显著高于徒手去雄-涂抹印油标记处理、剥冠去雄-撕萼片标记处理(改良法)。不同杂交方式的工作效率也完全不同,各处理间差异极显著。