基于综合视角的县域国土空间冲突测度与功能优化——以江西省宜黄县为例

[目的]测度国土空间冲突强度,分区探讨国土空间冲突管理和优化国土空间利用途径,为县域国土空间可持续开发利用提供新的思路。[方法]以江西省宜黄县为例,通过景观生态指数模型、可开发强度分析、用地现状与适宜性评价叠加3种方法,以“把握景观格局—明确开发强度—摸底适宜性—实现功能优化”综合视角为导向,构建综合视角下国土空间冲突测度模型,识别乡镇尺度下空间显著冲突与区域本位基底相耦合的综合冲突类型区,进而提出功能优化措施。[结果](1)2010—2020年宜黄县城镇化趋势扩大,生态空间的容纳度变低,国土空间主要表现为农业生产空间和生态空间向工矿生产空间和城镇生活空间转移。(2)2010—2020年宜黄县区域空间冲突强度加剧,不同时段和区域下空间冲突强度和分布情况差异显著,可控空间主要分布在南部,轻度和中度冲突在域内分布较为均匀,重度冲突主要分布在北部、中部和东部。(3)根据开发强度和冲突产生诱因,可将宜黄县乡镇划分为地形发展劣势区、城镇开发密集区和自然保护地集中区3类,作为空间功能优化的重点。(4)宜黄县乡镇尺度上空间冲突类型区分布存在差异性,表现为：农业空间与生态空间冲突>城镇空间与生态...     

LPG 发动机微机控制点火与数据采集系统的研究

国内 LPG 发动机多由汽油机改装而成,第二代电控 LPG 系统的开发和应用水平不高。介绍了一种小功率单缸汽油机的普通电子点火改装成 LPG 发动机微机控制点火与数据采集系统的实验研究。     

五味子的研究概况及其开发前景

通过对五味子的研究作简要概述,并试对我国五味子的资源培育、野生驯化、人工栽培、产业开发进行初步探讨。     

冰雪灾害后南岭常绿阔叶林受损优势种萌条特性

在南岭冰雪灾害受损常绿阔叶林建立4块样地,分析样地内受损树木的受损类型、径级、树种组成等因子与灾后萌条关系,结果表明:1)灾害后受损优势木72.00%以上均有萌条出现,乔木层优势木萌条率高于灌木层,为南岭地区冰雪灾害后受损森林生态系统快速恢复与重建提供保障;2)不同受损优势木萌条率存在差异,萌条率随着受损程度的增加呈增加的趋势,其中倒伏类型萌条率最高(100%),其他受损类型中灌木层金缕梅科萌条率最低,乔木层樟科萌条率最低;3)冰雪灾害后萌条特性表现出与采伐、刀耕火种后不同的规律,应做为1个特例进行研究;4)建议在我国亚热带地区森林自然干扰频发区,在人工促进恢复时多选用格药柃、小红栲和交让木等,有利于各层次结构与组成的保持.     

北斗导航系统在新疆安全生产过程中的应用研究

针对新疆通信盲区多、移动信号覆盖差，安全事故信息不能及时上报，应急救援指挥严重滞后的现状，提出了建设针对长途客货营运车辆、危险品运输车辆、应急运输车辆、野外工程车的基于我国自主建设、独立运行的北斗卫星导航系统的安全生产运输车辆监控管理系统，提供面向各行业需重点监控各型车辆及其主管调度部门的基于位置的综合信息服务。从而实现生产事故应急救援指挥，有序开展野外事故设备、人员的搜寻，有效提高安全生产信息化水平。     

Effects of Culture Area,Stocking Density,and Shrimp and Fish Polyculture on the Cost Efficiency of Hard Clam,Meretrix meretrix,Culture: A Case Study of Hard Clam Farms in Yunlin,Taiwan

Using the hard clam farms in Yunlin, Taiwan as examples, this study analyzes the effects of culture area, stocking density, and shrimp and fish polyculture on the cost efficiency (CE) of hard clam farming. A data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to estimate the farms' technical efficiency (TE), allocative efficiency (AE), and CE values. The findings show that the mean TE, AE, and CE values of hard clam farms are 0.74, 0.57, and 0.43, respectively. The TE value is higher than the AE value, which indicates that cost inefficiency is mainly attributable to poor AE. Tobit regression results suggest that there are positive relationships between CE and both culture area and operator experience. Hard clam stocking density and age of the operators have negative effects on CE. Hard clam culture areas larger than 2 ha and a stocking density of 1.1–1.2 million hard clams per hectare have higher CEs than smaller culture areas and smaller or larger stocking densities. The use of sand shrimp, white shrimp, kuruma shrimp, and grass shrimp for polyculture and the use of milkfish and silver sea bream for polyculture are both associated with high CEs.     

Effect of Hybrid Abalone,Haliotis discus hannai × Haliotis discus discus,Cultivation on the Carbon Cycle: Carbon Source/Sink

Respiration, calcification, and bio‐deposition of hybrid abalone, Haliotis discus hannai × Haliotis discus discus, fed on different foodstuffs have been measured to evaluate the effect of hybrid abalone culture on carbon source/sink in coastal areas. Fed with Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, U. pinnatifida, and Ulva pertusa, alternated mutually, the carbon bio‐deposition rate of hybrid abalone was 24.29 ± 6.39, 65.40 ± 10.55, 21.48 ± 5.99, and 29.28 ± 6.47 µg/g/h, respectively. Hybrid abalone fed on U. pinnatifida had a higher carbon bio‐deposition rate compared to that fed on other foodstuff (P < 5%). Rate of CO₂ released by respiration of hybrid abalone fed on the experimental foodstuff was 24.53 ± 8.57, 32.73 ± 7.99, 29.31 ± 6.39, and 33.67 ± 12.37 µg/g/h, respectively. Results indicated that calcification presented less relationship with body weight type of the foodstuff. The rate of CO₂ released by calcification into seawater and atmosphere was 2.77 ± 1.89 and 6.53 ± 3.36 µg/g/h, respectively. The total rate of CO₂ released because of bio‐deposition, respiration, and calcification processes was 16.19 ± 4.67 µg/g/h, while the total rate of carbon sequestered in shells and tissues was 8.94 ± 2.07 µg/g/h. The study revealed that hybrid abalone culture is a source of CO₂.     

援非大型拖拉机柴油机故障处理及修复措施

本文对中国援助的埃塞俄比亚中国-埃塞俄比亚农业示范中心的鲁中804大型拖拉机的柴油机不能运转故障，在没有相关零配件置换的情况下，采取了拆卸检查，采取更换润滑油、清除各缸套锈斑、精修拉缸伤痕，清除活塞各进、排气门积炭或污垢等措施修复故障部件，经过正确安装与调试成功修复此柴油机的操作过程进行技术总结，并对如何避免相应故障提出了建议。     

香梓楠轻基质育苗试验

香梓楠为热带南亚热带珍贵优良用材树种,使用轻基质网袋育苗,具有重量轻、通气透水性好和方便种植等特点,可以提高造林成活率和降低造林成本。选择树皮和锯末为基质原料,经晒干、粉碎、过筛、堆沤后,按一定比例把拌匀的基质灌装至网袋内制成育苗容器。香梓楠种子经催芽后移植至容器内,注意淋水,保持湿润;每半个月施肥一次,以氮肥和复合肥为主,宜勤施薄施:当苗高约15 cm时,移疏苗木,并适时进行空气修根,促进侧根的生长;约11月中旬以后可实施炼苗,当苗龄达12个月,苗高达45cm以上时,苗木可出圃造林。