南方双季稻区小行距插秧机的改进设计与试验

针对300mm行距插秧机在南方双季稻区栽插行距过大、穴数过少及不能充分发挥机插稻的增产潜力问题,在300mm行距插秧机结构的基础上,通过机械优化设计和田间农艺技术相结合的方法,对其插植部箱体、苗箱、支架(包括左右支架和中间支架)和浮板4个关键部位技术参数改进设计,研制出了适合南方双季稻区作业的2ZS-488B型(264mm行距)插秧机,并于2012-2013年在江西省2个试验点进行不同早晚稻品种机插行距的大田对比试验。结果表明:该插秧机作业性能稳定,漂秧率、伤秧率和漏插率分别为1.55%、2.68%和1.93%,相对均匀度合格率为89.54%。与300mm行距插秧机相比,其产量平均增产529.43kg/hm2,平均增产率达8.57%。该研究结果创新了南方双季稻区新的机械化栽插方式,有利于农机农艺的有效融合。     

植物文化性及其在园林景观中表达的研究

随着人类文明的不断进步,人类社会的不断发展,文化的地位越发显得举足轻重。形成了许多独特的文化体系。如茶文化、企业文化等等名词渐渐为人们所熟悉。于是,越来越多的人在越来越多的领域开始关注文化,研究文化。文化也变得流行起来,并且渗透到了园林景观的领域。植物是园林景观的重要组成部分,植物配置的水平在一定程度上决定了园林景观设计的优劣程度。在景观建设不断发展的今天,植物的文化性作为考察植物配置水平的重要因素,越来越引起景观工作者的重视。在不同的园林景观环境中,合理的利用植物文化性能够体现整体环境的文化氛围。让人们在自然环境中品味文化,达到提升审美情趣,感悟世界观、人生观和了解人文历史的目的。目前,对于植物文化性的概念还没有统一的定义。本篇论文目的在于对植物文化性的概念进行定义,并且在此基础上,创新性的提出植物文化性的分类和评价依据。最后,引入在不同地域环境中,植物文化性的实例分析,对植物文化性展开讨论。旨在使读者系统的了解植物的文化性,弘扬民族文化,使园林工作者在植物配植造景中更好的运用植物的文化性。     

2种棘豆种子硬实破除方法研究

研究了砂磨赤霉素浸种、浓硫酸酸蚀和热水浸种3种硬实破除方法对悬岩棘豆和米尔克棘豆种子萌发率、萌发进程及平均萌发时间的影响。结果表明:砂磨赤霉素(200 mg/L)浸种和浓硫酸酸蚀2种方法均可以显著提高(p0.05)2种棘豆的萌发率,加快种子萌发进程,缩短平均萌发时间。与对照组相比,悬岩棘豆和米尔克棘豆的萌发率分别从27.0%和4.0%提高至97.0%和86.0%;平均萌发时间分别由8.9 d和8.1 d缩短至1.6 d和2.1 d。时间长短的控制是处理时的关键问题,2种棘豆砂磨赤霉素处理均以24 h为最佳,浓硫酸处理分别以5 min和10 min为最佳。热水浸种虽在一定程度上提高了2种棘豆的萌发率,但对萌发进程和平均萌发时间几无影响。悬岩棘豆在砂磨后用200 mg/L的赤霉素处理24 h时萌发最好,而米尔克豆种子在浓硫酸处理种子10 min时萌发最好。     

Mapping soil salinity and pH across an estuarine and alluvial plain using electromagnetic and digital elevation model data

Increasing pressures from agriculture and urbanization have resulted in drainage of many floodplains along the eastern Australian coastline, which are underlain by sulphidic sediments, to lower water tables and reduce soil salinity. This leads to oxidation of the sediments with a rapid decline in pH and an increase in salinity. Accurately mapping soil salinity and pH in coastal acid sulphate soil (CASS) landscapes is therefore important. One required map is the extent of highly acidic (i.e. pH < 4.5) areas, so that the application of alkaline amendments (e.g. lime) to neutralize the acid produced can be specifically targeted to the variation in pH. One approach is to use digital soil mapping (DSM) using ancillary information, such as an EM38, digital elevation models (DEM – elevation) and trend surface parameters (east and north). We used an EM38 in the horizontal (EM38h) and vertical (EM38v) modes together with elevation data to develop multiple linear regressions (MLR) for predicting EC_1:5 and pH. For pH, best results were achieved when the EM38 EC_a data were log‐transformed. By comparing MLR models using REML analysis, we found that using all ancillary data was optimal for mapping EC_1:5, whereas the best predictors for pH were north, log‐EM38v and elevation. Using residual maximum likelihood (REML), the final EC_1:5 and pH maps produced were consistent with previously defined soil landscape units, particularly CASS. The DSM approach used is amenable for mapping saline soils and identifying areas requiring the application of lime to manage acidic soil conditions in CASS landscape.     

北京市水产职业技能鉴定培训中的新模式—田间学校

为进一步开辟北京地区水产职业技能鉴定培训新的工作方法,探索长期有效地运行机制,通过对获得的信息进行综合分析,提出以农民田间学校为载体的培训新模式。     

论人才培养的目标定位与特色发展——基于福建省20所高校2012-2014年《本科教学质量报告》的文本分析

目标定位与特色发展是高校人才培养的关键点.基于福建省2012-2014年20所公办本科高校的《本科教学质量报告》文本分析,结果表明:高校能较为紧密地结合国家、区域经济、行业及自身实际等对人才培养进行目标定位与特色发展,但地方高校在发展过程中,还应处理好顶天与立地、趋同与存异、升格与转型三者间关系,走出一条更切合自身实际的特色发展道路.     

不同单酶制剂混合检测对比研究

试验以木聚糖酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶和酸性蛋白酶为对象,首先研究了酸性蛋白酶分别和其他3种单酶进行混合后酶活测定值变化情况,结果表明,酸性蛋白酶对其他3种单酶的检测结果没有影响;试验第二部分研究了4种单酶整体混合在一起后各单酶测定值的变化情况,结果表明,木聚糖酶测定值出现很大偏高,其他3种单酶测定结果未出现显著偏差;进行进一步论证试验表明,淀粉酶可能是使木聚糖酶测定结果偏高的原因。     

基于超平面构建的高光谱异常目标检测方法

高光谱遥感影像具有光谱分辨率高、图谱合一的特点,影像中的地物组成也多种多样,针对图像数据中目标出现概率较小、检测概率较低等问题,本文提出了基于超平面构建的高光谱数据目标异常检测方法。它通过对高光谱数据的结构分析,构建出高维空间中的背景超平面算子,以待测像元在其正交子空间的投影值来表征异常程度的大小。通过OMIS和AVIRIS实测数据验证,并与RX算法相比较,基于超平面构建的高光谱异常检测算法能够在多种背景环境下检测出纯度高、光谱差异大的异常像元,并具有较高的检测率和较低的虚警率,因此具备了有效性和较好的实用性。     

“中国春”小麦不同缺体的RAPD分析

利用ＰＣＲ－９０Ａ型ＤＮＡ扩增仪，对７个中国春小麦缺体核ＤＮＡ进行了扩增。结果显示，中国春小麦缺体核ＤＮＡ的ＲＡＰＤ产物可分为二种类型：（１）所有供试材料均能扩增出的片段，代表了核ＤＮＡ在进化上的保守性。有一个引物检测到这类片段。（２）全部供试材料间存在的差异片段，这类片段是用来基因定位的主要依据。另外，建立中国春小麦缺体系统的ＲＡＰＤ指纹图谱对研究小麦的系统进化也将有重要意义     

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on growth performance,intestinal antioxidative capacity,immunity, and intestinal microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens

Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic volatile oils, and they contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve poultry nutrition. In this study, we investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) on intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota of young yellow-feathered chickens. A total of nine hundred and sixty 1-d-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates of 40 birds each, and the feeding trial was lasted for 30 d. The controls were fed on a basal diet without in-feed antibiotics; the birds in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg virginiamycin; the remaining birds were fed the basal diet containing 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO increased average daily feed intake (P = 0.057) and average daily gain (P < 0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in plasma, jejuna, and ileal mucosa were increased by OEO supplementation (P < 0.05), with a trend of lower jejunal content of malonaldehyde (P = 0.062). Moreover, dietary OEO increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078) and the relative expression of Claudin 1, Mucin 2, and Avain beta-defensin 1 in ileum (P < 0.05). Sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary OEO increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, and Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera, and decreasing that of Romboutsia. Functional analyses indicated that microbial amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, replication, and repair systems were higher in OEO groups than those of controls and antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with OEO enhanced growth performance, alleviated local oxidative stress in intestine, improved production of natural antibodies, and favorably modulated intestinal microbiota composition.