Direct lateral transmission of Histomonas meleagridis in turkeys

The lateral transmission of Histomonas meleagridis in turkeys was studied in floor pens without the presence of Heterakis gallinarum. Battery-reared poults (120) were transferred at 2 wk of age to concrete-floored floor pens with fresh pine shavings litter (40/group). One group received no exposure. In other groups, either 10% or 25% of the birds were inoculated per cloaca with cultured H. meleagridis (200,000/bird) and placed in the pens as seeder birds. Inoculated birds died at 10-18 days postinfection (PI) showing typical liver and cecal lesions of histomoniasis. Birds in the high-exposure group died of histomoniasis beginning 16 days PI and continuing to 100% mortality by day 23 PI. Birds in the low-exposure (LE) group died beginning on day 19 PI and continuing through day 31 PI. All but one LE bird alive on day 31 PI had severe liver and cecal lesions of histomoniasis at necropsy. There was no evidence of histomoniasis in unexposed birds. No cecal worms (H. gallinarum) were found at necropsy of dead birds or in unexposed birds at the end of the experiment. Even though H. gallinarum is the only known reservoir for H. meleagridis, these results suggest that lateral transmission of histomoniasis through a flock can occur readily through normal contact between uninfected birds and infected birds and their droppings in the total absence of cecal worms.     

猪链球菌2型四川分离株毒力基因的检测及其序列分析

根据猪链球菌2型的MRP、EPF和SLY基因设计合成了四对引物,对我们分离鉴定的2005四川分离株进行毒力因子检测,并对阳性产物测序比较。结果以分离株为模板,获得了与预期结果一致的867bp(MRP)、572bp(EF)的2个片段,以及SLY的长度为1502bp目的片段(外引物)和1443bp的目的片段(内引物)。说明分离株SSsc0501为MRP+EF+SLY+,属于具有3种主要毒力因子的强毒株。经对PCR阳性产物测序及序列分析,结果其与P1/7株的核苷酸序列完全一致,与1933株的同源性达99.7%,仅在128位、217位、744位、1380位、1386位的5个核苷酸发生突变。在氨基酸水平上SSsc0501株与1933株的同源性达99.6%,有2个氨基酸发生替代。     

碱茅耐盐性的研究

对碱茅不同生育期的耐盐性试验表明：碱茅成株的耐盐性强，种子和苗期的耐盐性低。种子对硫酸盐土混合盐、碳酸钠单盐和氯化钠单盐室内萌发的耐盐度分别是（溶液浓度）３．４７％、１．０８％、１．５８％。种子出苗期适宜的土壤盐渍度为１．７１２％，临界盐渍度为３．１０％。苗期以后耐盐性逐渐提高，可在２．４７～２．７９％的土壤盐渍度下生长发育正常。成株的耐盐度高达４．２４８％。田间播种碱茅草在０～１０ｃｍ土壤含盐量１．６５％以下时，可以正常出苗。盐分达到１．８５％时，需要加大实际播量，以便全苗。     

吡啶羧酸铬对肉鸭后期作用效果初探

选用21日龄樱桃谷鸭36只,采用有重复对照试验,比较饲粮中添加0．2×10－6吡啶羧酸铬对肉鸭生产性能、屠体品质和血液生化指标的影响。结果表明,吡啶羧酸铬对增重、饲料转化率无显著影响,对屠宰率、胸肌率和皮脂率亦无显著影响;但使心重、血清总甘油三酯显著降低,血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著增加。     

几种绵羊常用粗饲料GI的测定及其代谢能模型化研究

在测定5类9种粗饲料及3个混合粗饲料的常规成分基础上,实测了它们的粗饲料分级指数(GI):大青山草地早熟禾3.4758、沙打旺3.3731、苜蓿1.7202、混粗C21.1797、青干草1.1029、混粗C10.7852、羊草0.5684、玉米青贮0.4152、玉米秸0.1985、谷草0.1728、混粗D0.0805、苏丹草0.0687,并就GI与饲料相对值(RFV)对粗饲料品质的分级进行了比较,表明GI要优于RFV,同时证明:GI还可以用于混合粗饲料的优化与牧草刈割期的确定。研究并建立了预测粗饲料代谢能(ME)的模型:ME(MJ/kg)=-11.7492 0.5959IVDM(D%)-0.0044[IVDM(D%)]2,其中IVDMD为体外干物质消化率。     

江都市生猪定点屠宰场动物防疫规范

畜牧兽医站与屠宰场是管理和被管理的关系。畜牧兽医站依据《动物防疫法》、《江苏省动物防疫条例》等法律、法规履行对动物防疫条件审核，对防疫、检疫法规执行情况检查，对屠宰场防疫工作进行督查、督办，并派出专职检疫员实施待宰动物入场检疫、宰前检疫、宰后检疫和检疫记录、有关防疫资料的核查和监督病害畜禽及其产品的处理等     

鄂温克旗退化草地现状与草业的可持续发展

通过对鄂温克旗天然草地资源23年(1974～1997)的动态分析,阐明了自治旗天然草地退化的现状、特征、趋势和导致草地退化的主要原因,并提出了相应的可持续发展措施.     

Protective efficacy of a live attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine with an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant in pigs

An attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine that requires intrathoracic administration is commercially available for use against mycoplasmal pneumonia in China. Given the limitations of such a route of administration, this study was undertaken to assess the capacity of an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant to enhance immunogenicity following intramuscular use. Immune responses in pigs following vaccination and subsequent intra-tracheal bacterial inoculation were examined using lymphocyte proliferation, serology and mucosal IgA in both nasal and saliva swabs.Vaccination induced clear lymphocyte proliferation, but only slight serum antibody responses although these were significantly increased following experimental infection. Mucosal IgA was not detected in either nasal or salivary secretions. Following bacterial challenge, animals vaccinated with the adjuvant-containing live vaccine exhibited less severe pulmonary lesions (median score 3.67) than unvaccinated pigs (median score 13.58). The degree of ciliary loss on the respiratory tract surface was reduced in vaccinated pigs compared with experimentally infected controls. The findings indicated that the adjuvant vaccine administered IM provided protection against experimentally induced mycoplasmal pneumonia and could have commercial potential.     

猪伪狂犬病毒变异株AH02LA单因子发病模型的建立

2011年以来,猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)变异株在我国多地区流行,造成了严重的经济损失。本研究以主要猪病病原为阴性的仔猪为基础,建立了PRV变异株AH02LA单因子发病模型,并研究了其主要病理学变化。研究发现PRV会引起仔猪非化脓性脑炎,这一病理变化将有助于猪伪狂犬病的临床快速准确诊断。     

植物内整流K~+通道AKT1的研究进展

K~+是植物生长发育所必需的大量营养元素。内整流K~+通道(Arabidopsis K~+transporter 1,AKT1)属于Shaker家族,是介导K~+吸收的重要通道,为质膜的K~+感应器,参与调节细胞的生长发育、调控气孔运动及植物蒸腾作用,能够提高植株的抗旱耐盐性,因而在植物生长过程中具有重要作用。该文概述了AKT1的结构、组织表达定位和表达调控及功能等方面的研究进展,并提出采用蛋白组学、基因工程技术及RNAi手段深入研究K~+、Na~+吸收及转运的协同调控机制,提高作物对土壤中K~+的利用效率及AKT1在植物生理代谢、抗逆性中的作用。