活禽交易对十堰市公共卫生安全的影响及对策

本文针对十堰市活禽养殖和交易的现状,结合工作实际,分析了活禽交易方式对公共卫生安全、禽流感防控、环境污染等方面的影响,以及活禽交易存在的问题及产生的原因,从政策建议、防疫条件、检疫监管、疫情监测预警、市场准入、可追溯体系建设、动物经纪人管理等方面提出了措施和建议,为进一步加强禽流感防控工作和动物产品质量安全管理提出了有益的探讨。     

新世纪重庆蚕丝业发展问题与对策

重庆蚕丝业在 2 0世纪 80年代末期至 90年代中期居全国第四位 ,不仅是重庆出口创汇的重要支柱 ,也是财政和蚕农收入的重要来源。我国“入世”后 ,蚕丝业是重要的受益行业 ,面临巨大的市场需求与发展空间。根据中央西部大开发战略 ,结合我国丝绸产业结构调整、东桑西移的历史机遇和重庆得天独厚的茧丝绸资源 ,就新世纪重庆蚕丝业发展存在的问题和应采取的措施谈几点意见。1　重庆蚕丝业的发展现状及问题1 .1　现状在重庆 40个区县 (市 )行政区划中 ,有养蚕的区县 (市 ) 35个 ,蚕种场 2 7个 ,蚕种冷库6座 ,年制种能力 1 30余万张、年冷藏能力2…     

草原的生态系统服务:Ⅲ.价值和意义

连续综述了中国草原／草地生态系统服务价值的构成,草地生态系统服务的总价值,各类型草地的生态系统服务的价值。论证了草原／草地为中国提供了最大的生态系统服务价值,草地生态系统服务的生态价值远大于经济价值。论述了草地生态系统服务价值评估具有下列重要意义：1．指明了草地生态系统服务的具体项目及其不可代替性;2．确定了草地生态资本的价值;3．促进了环境成本核算和实现绿色GDP。文章在最后还讨论了草原／草地生态系统服务价值评估中存在的问题。     

Structural and metabolic integrity of sheep external intercostal muscle during extended culture

The objectives of this study were to examine the structural and metabolic integrity of isolated sheep external intercostal muscle bundles following variable lengths of preincubation (0 to 192 h). Samples of intact external intercostal muscle (10 to 15 g), with tendons attached, were prepared from growing wethers and maintained at their resting lengths during preincubation for 0 to 192 h. Protein synthesis (PS), protein degradation (PD), acetate oxidation and ultrastructural integrity of muscle samples were examined at 0 to 192 h, 0 to 96 h, 0 to 48 h and 0 to 96 h following isolation, respectively. Additionally, the effects of variable fetal calf serum (FCS) concentrations (0 to 20%; w/v) on PS and PD and acetate oxidation were examined. Rate of PS increased as preincubation time increased to 192 h; however, most of this increase was due to the proliferation of fibroblasts on the surface of the muscle sample. Addition of cytosine arabinoside to the incubation media prevented the fibroblast-dependent increase in PS; however, it did not entirely prevent the preincubation time-dependent increase in PS. Rate of PD increased greatly upon preincubation. The nitrogen balance of incubated muscles was negative at all times examined. Acetate oxidation was maintained through 12 h of preincubation and thereafter declined. Relatively normal myofibrillar structure was maintained through 48 h of preincubation; however, loss of mitochondrial integrity and dissolution of Z-disks at 48 h and at 96 h of preincubation were evident. Isolated tissues were able to respond to FCS concentration in medium following 48 h of preincubation.     

2BFM-5型山地免耕播种机的设计与试验

针对黄土高原丘陵水蚀区残茬覆盖免耕播种及抗旱播种的作业要求,研制了以8.8～11.0?kW手持拖拉机为动力源的2BFM-5型山地免耕播种机。该播种机采用长翼尖角组合式种肥分施开沟器、复合铰链前位双轮仿形机构和螺旋齿槽轮排种器。田间试验表明：该播种机排种均匀性变异系数为35.4%,播深合格率为81.8%,平均种肥间距为44.0?mm,化肥集中在90～100?mm土层范围内,地表可形成宽66～85?mm、深40～52?mm的小垄沟,各项技术性能满足农业种植要求。该播种机适应中国黄土高原丘陵水蚀区缓坡地（＜15°）和水平梯田的免耕播种,满足雨养农业区播种技术的“深种浅覆、镇压提墒、集雨抗旱”等要求。     

尼罗罗非鱼耗氧率的初步研究

本文重点报道尼罗罗非鱼在成鱼阶段的群体耗氧率和窒息点的测定结果。尼罗罗非鱼的耗氧率，随着体重的增加而降低，在幼鱼阶段特别明显，但随着水温的上升而增加；在体重和水温相同的情况下，尼罗罗非鱼的耗氧率无显著的性别差异；在IR夜间有明显的生理活动周期性有规律的变化。尼罗罗非鱼的窒息点是0．07-0．23mgO2／I。     

烟草黑胫病菌拮抗放线菌LY18的分离筛选与鉴定

为了寻找对烟草黑胫病具有生防潜力的放线菌,笔者采用平板对峙法,从烟草黑胫病发病烟田健株根际土壤中,分离得到1株对烟草黑胫病菌具有显著拮抗效果的放线菌株LY18,其发酵液的无菌滤液对烟草黑胫病菌菌丝的抑制率达70%以上。电镜观察发现,抑菌圈周围的烟草黑胫病菌丝破裂、瘪陷。通过对LY18的形态观察、培养性状观察、生理生化测定结合16S rDNA序列分析,将该菌株为鉴定Streptomyces rajshahiensis。     

Blackhead disease (Histomonas meleagridis) aggravated in broiler chickens by concurrent infection with cecal coccidiosis (Eimeria tenella).

The effect of concurrent cecal coccidiosis infections on severity of Histomonas meleagridis (blackhead disease) in chickens was investigated in a series of experiments. Cecal lesions from H. meleagridis were severe in all inoculated control groups and did not appear to be affected by the introduction of Eimeria tenella infection. However, the severity of liver lesions and number of birds positive for liver lesions of H. meleagridis increased significantly with the presence of E. tenella. The increase was similar when 10(3) or 10(4) oocysts of E. tenella were given and was the same when oocysts were given at the same time as H. meleagridis or 4 days prior. The liver lesions increased directly as doses of H. meleagridis increased from 7.5 x 10(3) cells to 30, 100, or 300 x 10(3) when E. tenella was given along with H. melelagridis but not when H. meleagridis was given alone. Administration of a live coccidiosis vaccine containing very low levels of E. tenella also gave a significant boost to liver lesions but at a much lower level than that observed with larger doses of E. tenella. The positive relationship between infections of cecal coccidiosis and H. meleagridis in chickens suggests that such dual exposure may contribute to increased clinical outbreaks of blackhead disease in chickens under field conditions.     

德菲尔法构建重大动物疫病预警指标体系

[目的 ]构建重大动物疫病暴发流行预警指标体系。[方法 ]以禽流感和口蹄疫为例,采用文献调研法和德菲尔专家咨询法中的专家会议法初拟重大动物疫病预警体系的框架和指标;应用德菲尔专家咨询法评价预警指标的重要性、可操作性;应用组合权重法比较各指标综合影响的大小,并将指标分类。[结果 ]筛选出禽流感和口蹄疫预警预报一级指标6项(易感动物、饲养管理和免疫情况等)以及二级指标14项(免疫效果、环境消毒、温度等),并将指标分为三类(关键指标、重要指标和一般指标)。[结论 ]初步构建了重大动物疫病暴发流行预警指标体系。     

Systematic Review of Brain Tumor Treatment in Dogs

Intracranial neoplasia is commonly diagnosed in dogs and can be treated by a variety of methods, but formal comparisons of treatment efficacy are currently unavailable. This review was undertaken to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding outcome after the treatment of intracranial masses in dogs, with the aim of defining optimal recommendations for owners. This review summarizes data from 794 cases in 22 previously published reports and follows PRISMA guidelines for systematic review. A Pubmed search was used to identify suitable articles. These then were analyzed for quality and interstudy variability of inclusion and exclusion criteria and the outcome data extracted for summary in graphs and tables. There was a high degree of heterogeneity among studies with respect to inclusion and exclusion criteria, definition of survival periods, and cases lost to follow‐up making comparisons among modalities troublesome. There is a need for standardized design and reporting of outcomes of treatment for brain tumors in dogs. The available data do not support lomustine as an effective treatment, but also do not show a clear difference in outcome between radiotherapy and surgery for those cases in which the choice is available.