饲粮蛋白质水平对冬毛期水貂胃肠道消化酶活性以及空肠形态结构的影响

本文旨在研究饲粮蛋白质水平对冬毛期水貂胃肠道消化酶活性以及空肠形态结构的影响。选择 ９０日龄的健康公貂 ６０只,随机分成 ６组（每组 １０个重复,每个重复 １只）,分别饲喂蛋白质水平为 ２８％（Ⅰ组）、３０％（Ⅱ组）、３２％（Ⅲ组）、３４％（Ⅳ组）、３６％（Ⅴ组）和 ３８％（Ⅵ组）的试验饲粮。预试期 ７ｄ,正试期 １１５ｄ。饲养试验结束后进行屠宰,制备胃肠道内容物上清液,用于测定消化酶活性;制备空肠组织切片,用于观察空肠的形态结构。结果表明：Ⅴ组水貂的胃蛋白酶活性极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,与Ⅳ和Ⅵ组差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。Ⅳ组水貂的十二指肠和空肠胰淀粉酶活性极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ⅳ和Ⅴ组水貂的回肠胰淀粉酶活性显著或极显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组（Ｐ＜０．０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ⅳ组水貂的十二指肠胰蛋白酶活性极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,空肠胰蛋白酶活性极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ⅲ组水貂的回肠胰蛋白酶活性显著高于Ⅵ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,与其他各组差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。Ⅵ组水貂的十二指肠胰脂肪酶活性显著或极显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组（Ｐ＜０．０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１）,空肠胰脂肪酶活性显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组（Ｐ＜０．０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ组水貂的回肠胰脂肪酶活性极显著高于Ⅱ和Ⅵ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,与Ⅳ组差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。饲粮蛋白质水平为 ３６％时,水貂空肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值、黏膜厚度以及肠壁厚度均处在较高水平。由此得出,饲粮蛋白质水平可影响冬毛期水貂胃肠道消化酶活性,并可调节其空肠形态结构。     

不同脱萼处理对‘华梨1号’梨脱萼率及果实品质的影响

以‘华梨1号’梨为试材,于梨花露白的花蕾期和盛花期喷施不同浓度的PBO和40%氟硅唑处理,研究不同脱萼处理对‘华梨1号’梨果脱萼率、座果率、单果重、果形指数和果实外观品质和内在品质的影响。结果表明：喷施不同浓度的PBO和40%氟硅唑处理对于‘华梨1号’梨幼果的萼片脱落及果实品质的影响差异显著。其中喷施12000 倍40%氟硅唑+600 倍PBO处理脱萼效果最为显著,幼果脱萼果率为92.53%;花朵座果率为97.58%,与清水对照处理差异不显著;果形指数为0.89,显著低于其他处理的果形指数,果形呈扁圆形,提高了果实的整齐度,改善了梨果外观品质;同时显著提高梨果的可溶性固形物和可溶性糖的含量,降低了梨果的果肉硬度,提高了‘华梨1号’梨果实的内在品质。     

屠宰环节检疫检验印章印油使用现状及问题分析

本文调研并整理了屠宰环节现行有效的检疫检验印章种类及印油的使用情况,分析了实际应用中存在的问题和潜在风险,并就进一步规范屠宰环节检疫检验印章及印油的使用和管理提出了建议。     

辽宁省大连市羊群布鲁氏菌病横断面研究

本研究采用横断面研究方法,通过两个阶段的随机抽样检测,结合问卷调查,获得大连市羊群布鲁氏菌病血清流行率及感染风险因素,初步了解了当地养羊场户对布鲁氏菌病防控相关知识的掌握情况和行为实践特点。研究结果表明,大连市羊布鲁氏菌病场群血清流行率为8.89%(95%CI:6.14%~11.63%)。从饲养模式看,调查的6个种羊场均无布鲁氏菌病感染,而商品代饲养场和散养村羊群布鲁氏菌病血清流行率分别为13.33%(95%CI:5.64%~21.03%)和8.21%(95%CI:5.24%~11.17%),差异不显著(X~2=1.93,p=0.170.05)。从饲养品种看,不同品种羊群之间的布鲁氏菌病血清流行率差异也不显著(X~2=0.15,p=0.930.05)。单因素分析结果表明,"与其他养羊场户共用种公羊""产后胎衣丢弃和喂狗""流产物喂狗""与其他养羊场户共用交通工具""近一年羊贩子进羊圈""近一年在交易市场买卖羊"等行为是羊群感染布鲁氏菌病的风险因素,而"购入前检测布鲁氏疾病"是显著的保护性因素。进一步的logistic回归分析表明,"近一年在交易市场买卖羊"(OR=4.91,95%CI:1.57%~15.35%)"流产物处理不当"(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.06%~3.30%)是主要的羊群布鲁氏菌病感染风险因素。"知信行"调查结果表明,大连市养羊从业者对布鲁氏菌病的认知程度较好,说明兽医部门的宣传工作有成效。但从行为实践角度来看,仍有部分养羊场户存有侥幸心理,在日常养殖和生活中不采取降低布鲁氏菌病感染风险的措施。     

黑龙江省动物疫病预防控制机构发展现状分析

为了掌握基层动物疫病预防控制机构发展现状,通过调研了解,黑龙江省84个市县级动物疫病预防控制机构的基础设施建设、仪器设备配置、人员队伍结构等情况有较大提升,但仍存在业务用房面积不达标,设备陈旧老化,物资储备欠缺,人员老龄化,工作经费不足和信息化管理薄弱等问题,难以适应当前动物疫病防控总体需要。这提示应进一步强化基础设施建设,更新仪器设备,加强防疫物资储备,健全冷链管理体系,充实专业队伍,建立经费保障机制和推动信息化平台建设,以期进一步推进基层动物疫控机构发展。     

中国麇鹿朊蛋白核心片段的原核克隆表达与纯化

从采取的新鲜麋鹿血液中提取麋鹿基因组DNA,通过PCR的方法从麋鹿基因组中扩增麋鹿PrP蛋白核心片段的DNA,并分别在引物的5′和3′端引入EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ两个酶切位点,下游引物将原序列TATTAC突变为TAAT从变成两个终止密码子。通过两个酶切位点将麋鹿PrP蛋白核心片段DNA连接到pET-32a（＋）,转化DH5α,通过酶切鉴定和PCR鉴定,筛选出阳性克隆送菌液测序,从测序结果分析阳性克隆是否符合要求。测序正确后将核心片段基因连接到pET-32a（＋）,阳性质粒命名为MPrP-pET-32a（＋）,阳性质粒转化E.coli BL21（DE3）,进行诱导表达、蛋白质纯化鉴定。     

Effects of magnesium on the performance of sows and their piglets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental magnesium (Mg) on the performance of gilts and parity 3 sows and their piglets. Fifty-six gilts (Trial 1) and 56 sows (Trial 2) were assigned to one of 4 treatments according to their mating weight, respectively. The treatments comprised corn-soybean meal based gestation and lactation diets (0.21% magnesium) supplemented with 0, 0.015, 0.03, or 0.045% Mg from mating until weaning. The results showed that magnesium supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the weaning to estrus interval in both gilts and sows. There were significant effects (P < 0.05) of supplemental magnesium on the total number of piglets born, born alive and weaned in sows. In late gestation and lactation, the digestibility of crude fiber (quadratic effects, P < 0.05), and crude protein (P < 0.05), were significantly influenced by magnesium in gilts and sows, respectively. There were differences among the 4 groups in terms of the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber in sows (P < 0.05) during both early and late gestation. The apparent digestibility of gross energy was increased for sows in late gestation (P < 0.05), and lactation (quadratic effects, P < 0.05). At farrowing and weaning, serum prolactin levels and alkaline phosphate activities linearly increased in sows as the Mg supplementation increased (P < 0.05). Serum Mg of sows at farrowing and serum urea nitrogen of sows at weaning was significantly influenced by Mg supplementation (P < 0.05). The Mg concentration in sow colostrum and the serum of their piglets were increased by supplemental magnesium (P < 0.05). In addition, growth hormone levels were linearly elevated (P < 0.05) in the serum of piglets suckling sows. Our data demonstrated that supplemental magnesium has the potential to improve the reproduction performance of sows, and the suitable supplemental dose ranged from 0.015% to 0.03%.     

Effect of supplements during the cold season on the reproductive system in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes

We examined the development of the reproductive system in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes when fed only oat hay (CON) or supplemented with either lick blocks (BS) or concentrate feed (CS) during the cold season. The average daily gain of the CS ewes was greater than that of the BS ewes (P  < 0.05), which was greater than that of the CON ewes. The same pattern was observed in the number of ovarian follicles (P  < 0.001), that is, CS > BS > CON. Serum concentrations of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteotrophic hormone, estradiol and progesterone in the CS and BS groups were higher than in the CON group (P  < 0.05). The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of KiSS‐1, GPR54 (G protein‐coupled receptor 54), ERα (estradiol receptor α) in the hypothalamic anteroventral periventricular area of the CS group were higher than in both the BS and CON groups (P  < 0.05), while the BS group was higher than in the CON group (P  < 0.05). Similar differences among groups were observed for gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptor mRNA expression in the pituitary, follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA expression in the ovary. These results indicated that the KiSS1/GPR54 system was more active with nutrition or trace mineral supplementation during the cold season. The system stimulated the hypothalamic–pituitary?gonadal axis and enhanced folliclar development in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes. We concluded that energy, protein and trace minerals supplements could improve the reproductive performance of Tibetan sheep on the Qinghai‐Tibetan plateau.     

油菜籽皮发酵饲料添加剂——纤维素酶

本研究对绿色木霉116的发酵条件和无机盐配方进行了正交试验优选。试验结果表明产纤维素酶的最佳条件是:接种量为2%,油菜籽皮:稻草:麸皮=3:2:5;水分:干料=1:1;装量为5%;无机盐固态发酵的最佳配方是:(NH4)2SO40.5%,KH2PO40.4%,MgSO40.04%,CaCl2·2H2O0.05%。产酶酶活可达242U/g鲜糟。     

引进三眠蚕诱导技术生产超细纤度生丝的试验及其开发意见

安徽金寨县引进三眠蚕诱导技术生产超细纤度生丝 ,并就开发生产超细纤度生丝提出建议意见