Genotype × environmental interaction by AMMI and GGE biplot analysis for the provenances of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Michelia chapensis</Emphasis> in South China

A provenance trial of Michelia chapensis Dandy in the south of China was carried out in three sites to assess yield and stability analyses. The trials were conducted as randomized, complete block designs with four replications at each site. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype main effect and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) were employed in the evaluation of provenances; AMMI analyses showed that significant genotype × environment interaction effects (P < 0.05) existed between provenances, capturing 15.11 % of the total sum of squares. The AMMI stability value revealed that provenance 2 was stable, but had low yield. GGE-biplot models showed that provenances 7, 8, 10, and 11 were more stable and high-yielding. The GGE results also confirmed that among the three sites, site JiuQuShui was the most ideal environment for representation and discrimination.     

Characterizing long-term forest disturbance history and its drivers in the Ning-Zhen Mountains,Jiangsu Province of eastern China using yearly Landsat observations (1987–2011)

Forest losses or gains have long been recognized as critical processes modulating the carbon flux between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Timely, accurate and spatially explicit information on forest disturbance and recovery history is required for assessing the effectiveness of existing forest management. The major objectives of our research focused on testing the mapping efficacy of the vegetation change tracker (VCT) model over a forested area in China. We used a new version of VCT algorithm built upon the Landsat time series stacks (LTSS). The LTSS consisted of yearly image acquisitions to map forest disturbance history from 1987 to 2011 over the Ning-Zhen Mountains, Jiangsu Province of east China. The LTSS consisted of TM and ETM+ scenes with different projections due to distinct data sources (Beijing remote sensing ground station and the USGS EROS Center). The validation results of the disturbance year maps showed that most spatial agreement measures ranged from 70 to 86 %, comparable with the VCT accuracies reported for many places in USA. Very low accuracies were identified in 1995 (38.3 %) and 1992 (56.2 %) in the current analysis. These resulted from the insensitivity of the VCT algorithm to detect low intensity disturbances and also from the mis-registration errors of the image pairs. Major forest disturbance types existing in our study area were identified as agricultural expansion (39.8 %), urbanization (24.9 %), forest management practice (19.3 %), and mining (12.8 %). In general, there was a gradual decreasing trend in forest cover throughout this region, caused principally by China’s economic, demographic, environmental and political policies and decisions, as well as some weather events. While VCT has largely been used to assess long term changes and trends in the USA, it has great potential for assessing landscape level change elsewhere throughout the world.     

森林土壤微生物生态学研究进展

土壤微生物是森林生态系统中不可或缺的一部分,在物质循环和能量流动等生态过程中发挥着重要作用。文中总结评述了目前森林土壤微生物生态学的研究进展,主要包括森林土壤微生物群落特征（群落结构组成、时空变化格局以及影响因素）和森林土壤微生物生物量（季节动态变化及影响因素）2个方面,同时对森林土壤微生物生态学今后研究提出展望。     

地采暖用实木复合地板甲醛释放变化规律

测定比较地采暖用实木复合地板在常温(20℃)和地采暖(40℃)两种温度条件下的甲醛释放量,其平均值分别为0.3,1.2 mg/L.地采暖条件下,实木复合地板的甲醛释放量在使用7d后达到峰值,19 d后趋于稳定.含水率在处理前5d急剧下降,7d后趋于稳定,含水率稳定在5.60％左右.     

林下姜科植物的选育与栽培技术研究综述

树木褐根病是由有害木层孔菌 (Phellinus noxius) 引起的一类土壤传染性根部病害,为了实施对这类病害的生物防治,结合唯一氮源 1- 氨基环丙烷 -1- 羧酸（ACC）为底物和平板对峙法,从澳门松山市政公园健康树木的根际分离得到 1 株对有害木层孔菌具有较强拮抗活性的菌株 1583。采用一对细菌通用引物 PCR 扩增获得菌株 1583 的 16S rDNA 基因序列,其片段大小为 1 496 bp,系统进化树显示菌株 1583与 Burkholderia seminalis 的亲缘关系最近,综合结果鉴定该菌株为伯克霍尔德菌（Burkholderia sp.）。拮抗性研究表明,菌株 1583 对油菜菌核病病原菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）、黑松叶斑病病原菌（Pestalotiopsissp.）、香蕉枯萎病病原菌（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense）、白蝴蝶炭疽病病原菌（Colletotrichum sp.）和美人蕉瘟病病原菌（Pyricularia cannaecola hashioka）等植物病原真菌均有明显的抑制作用。     

龙游县碳化篾生产现状及其存在的问题

通过对龙游县碳化篾生产企业(业主)的调查,全县自2008年以来,发展碳化篾生产企业(业主)32家,碳化炉65只,集中分布在龙游县庙下乡、溪口镇,占全县生产企业的97％.年消耗竹材2 202万支,实现销售利润l 357.2万元,产品附加值低.在碳化篾生产过程中,产生大量的废水,年产生废水27 300 t;由于废水处理成本高,得不到及时处理,大部分生产企业乱排,给当地的水质造成严重污染.该文通过对全县碳化篾生产企业的调查分析,指出当前碳化篾生产过程中存在的主要问题,希望引起政府重视,并根据碳化篾生产的实际情况,制定有效措施,及时解决碳化篾生产过程中的一系列问题.     

30m3甲醛释放量检测气候室的结构设计与实现

为完善我国人造板及其制品甲醛释放量的检测标准,减少木制品对外贸易纠纷,开发了模拟居住环境的30 m3气候室设备.主要介绍气候室设备的原理与结构,并阐述实现气候室温、湿度精度控制的方法.经测试,气候室的温、湿度控制精度达到现行国外标准EN 717-1:2004和ASTME 1333-96(2002)的要求.     

人工林落羽杉力学性能研究

对江汉平原人工林落羽杉物理力学性能进行了研究,结果表明:落羽杉的气干密度为0.413 g/cm3,气干密度等级为轻;综合强度为74 MPa,强度等级为Ⅰ级;径向横纹抗压强度略大于弦向横纹抗压强度;端面硬度最高,弦面硬度与径面硬度差别不大。落羽杉南北面近树皮处木材的密度、抗弯强度、弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度均大于近髓心处,南北方向对落羽杉的密度、顺纹抗压强度在5%水平上差异均不显著,而对其抗弯强度、弹性模量在1%水平上差异显著。     

武汉地区雷竹笋用林竹笋生长情况初步研究

调查分析了武汉地区引种雷竹2年生竹林出笋期、竹笋高生长、出笋量以及幼竹高生长、地径生长变化等指标.结果表明,竹笋高度连日生长量平均最大值为24.16 cm,单株平均出笋量为18株,竹秆高生长速度较快,平均每天高生长量为12.47 cm.表明在武汉地区引种雷竹,竹笋产量较高,具有较好的经济效益.     

泡桐丛枝植原体河北平山和江西吉安株系胸苷酸激酶基因多态性分析

设计引物并 PCR扩增河北平山株系 PaWBPs 和江西吉安株系 PaWBJan 的 tmk 基因,直接和克隆测定tmk序列,利用DNAMAN,MEGA等软件进行序列多样性、序列变异、蛋白功能域、系统进化等比较分析。结果表明：从 PaWBPs和 PaWBJan中克隆测序的93条和41条 tmk-a中,分别有52和24种不同的序列,tmk-a ORF 可被划分为2类,tmk-a-1为639 bp,tmk-a-2为627 bp,PaWBPs株系tmk-a-1与tmk-a-2序列条数的比值约为2.5,而PaWBJan株系为3.3; PaWBPs有5个相同的 tmk-a-1序列与 PaWBJan的一个 tmk-a-1序列及枣疯植原体 tmk-Y 序列完全一致。因多位点突变,PaWBPs含假基因比例达48.1%,PaWBJan的为41.7%; tmk-b基因为单一序列,两株系的 tmk-b核酸序列相似性为99.8%,编码蛋白仅有一个氨基酸差异。TMK-a和 TMK-b中都具有胸苷酸激酶的3个保守功能域。系统进化分析显示,泡桐丛枝植原体的2个株系的所有tmk-a序列都与枣疯植原体tmk-X和tmk-Y等聚为一个进化枝Ⅰ中;而tmk-b与小麦蓝矮tmk-2等聚为另一进化枝Ⅲ,基于tmk-b序列和基于16S rDNA序列构建的系统进化树一致,tmk-b有助于植原体16Sr组水平的分类,而 tmk-a可用于植原体株系变异和遗传多样性分析。