Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter of the ovine myostatin gene (MSTN) and their effect on growth and carcass muscle traits in New Zealand Romney sheep

Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle growth and development in mammals, and variation in ovine myostatin gene (MSTN) has been demonstrated to be associated with variation in the muscularity of sheep. Polymerase chain reaction–single‐stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR–SSCP) was used to look for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a 304‐bp amplicon from the promoter region of ovine MSTN. Sequence analyses revealed two previously identified SNPs (c.?2449G/C and c. ?2379T/C) that resulted in three haplotypes (H₁ (c.[?2449G; ?2379C]), H₂ (c.[?2449C; ?2379C]) and H₃ (c.[?2449G; ?2379T]). The effect of these SNPs on growth and carcass traits was investigated in 357 NZ Romney lambs. General linear mixed‐effect models revealed that sheep with the genotype c.?2449GC had a higher loin meat yield (p = 0.032) and proportion loin yield (p = 0.028), than those with the genotype c.?2449GG. The genotype c.?2379CC was associated with an increase in three weight traits: birthweight (p = 0.003), tailing weight (p = 0.009) and weaning weight (p = 0.028), when compared with the genotype c.?2379TC, but it was not found to have an association with growth rate. This suggests that c.?2379T/C has an effect that originates at, or before birth. Haplotype H₃ was associated with a decrease in birthweight (p = 0.002), tailing weight (p = 0.003) and weaning weight (p = 0.011). Haplotype H₂ was associated with increased loin yield (p = 0.012) and proportion loin yield (p = 0.002). The SNPs may have value as genetic markers for improved Romney breeding.     

质地多方面分析三个桃品种果实采后质地的变化

以鲜食桃品种"脆保"、"艳保"和"大久保"为试材,采用质构仪质地多方面分析测试法(TPA),研究3个品种果实采后不同贮藏时间的质地变化。结果表明:在室温和低温2种贮藏温度下,3个品种桃果实的硬度随着贮藏时间的延长逐渐下降,而粘附性、弹性、咀嚼性都随贮藏时间延长呈现先上升后下降的趋势,表现为"脆保""艳保""大久保";内聚性变化相对比较平缓。相关性分析表明,桃果实咀嚼性与粘附性呈极显著正相关,二者与果实硬度间亦表现为极显著正相关(P0.01)。弹性与硬度和咀嚼性之间均呈相反的线性相关关系,果肉内聚性值与其它参数值相关性较差。硬度、粘附性、弹性和咀嚼性可用于评价采后桃果实质地的变化,内聚性则反映了果实质地的细微变化。     

桑枝屑香菇与杂木屑香菇的品质比较

以桑枝屑和杂木屑为试材,采用标准及实验室常用方法对香菇营养成分进行测定,研究桑枝屑和杂木屑2种培养料对香菇产量和营养成分(蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、多糖、纤维、部分矿质元素)含量的影响。结果表明:桑枝屑栽培的单袋香菇产量比杂木屑的低6.4%,但生物转化率比木屑的高1.7%,粗蛋白质含量是杂木屑栽培的1.03倍,但总氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸含量都比杂木屑香菇中的略低一些;脂肪含量是杂木屑栽培的1.82倍,纤维含量是杂木屑栽培的1.01倍,多糖含量是杂木屑栽培的1.34倍;重金属铅含量仅为杂木屑的11.3%,均达到国家绿色食品标准;矿质元素除钾元素外,钙、镁、铁、锌均高于杂木屑栽培的香菇。可见,用桑枝屑栽培的香菇子实体的营养性和药用保健性优于杂木屑栽培的香菇。     

壳聚糖澄清黄瓜汁的试验研究

用壳聚糖对黄瓜汁进行澄清试验,研究了壳聚糖用量、pH、温度等工艺条件对黄瓜汁澄清效果的影响,并通过正交试验确定壳聚糖澄清黄瓜汁的最适工艺条件为:壳聚糖用量0.5g/L、温度50℃、pH4.0、反应时间1.5 h.     

推进鄂伦春自治旗农牧业产业化的思考

本文结合鄂伦春自治旗农牧业的物殊现状分析,指出在推进鄂伦春农牧业产业化过程中存在的主要问题,并有针对性地提出相应的对策和建议.     

Surgical outcome and ocular complications of evisceration and intraocular prosthesis implantation in dogs with end stage glaucoma: a review of 20 cases

Surgical outcome and complications following evisceration and implantation of intraocular silicone prosthesis (ISP) in 20 canine eyes with end-stage glaucoma were analyzed, including clinical signs, complications, cosmetic appearance, and owners' responses. The mean postoperative follow-up time was 312 days. Major short-term surgical complications were central corneal ulceration (6/20) and infections (3/20), while long-term complication was keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) (2/20). All patient owners (100%) showed satisfied with the surgical outcome and postoperative cosmetic effect including 85% of the owners gave an excellent or good rating of satisfaction. No more medication needed for long term control except the KCS cases. With careful case selection and post-operative care, evisceration with ISP implantation proves a good and safe surgical procedure with minimal complications for end stage glaucoma.     

草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食作用

为明确草栖钝绥螨Amblyseius herbicolus对二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae的控制潜能,在温度分别为19、22、25、28和31℃、相对湿度均为（85±5）%、光周期均为16 L∶8 D条件下测定草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的捕食偏好性、捕食功能反应及自身干扰反应。结果表明,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨幼螨和第1若螨具有嗜食性,对其捕食选择系数分别为2.22和1.27,均大于1.00,对二斑叶螨卵、第2若螨和雌成螨捕食选择系数分别为0.61、0.68和0.22,均小于1.00。在不同温度条件下,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型;在19～31℃范围内,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的瞬时攻击率、最大日捕食量和捕食能力均随着温度升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,在28℃时达到最大值;而草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的处理时间随着温度升高呈先缩短后延迟的趋势,在28℃下处理时间最短。在相同温度下,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨卵、幼螨和第1若螨的捕食作用较强。在有限的捕食空间和二斑叶螨密度固定的条件下,草栖钝绥螨单头捕食量和捕食作用率随其自身密度的增加而逐渐下降,说...