Utilization of Sake lees as Broiler Feedstuff and its Effects on Growth Performance and Intestinal Immunity

Increasing food loss and waste (FLW) is a global problem, and efforts are being made to use waste food as potential livestock feed material. The amount of self-supplied feed is lower in Japan than in other countries, and the government recommends FLW use for animal feed. Sake (Japanese rice wine) is a traditional alcoholic beverage. During the sake manufacturing process, large amounts of squeezed solids or “lees” (sake lees) are generated. Sake lees are nutritious and functional, but are prone to spoilage. In this study, we investigated whether sake lees should be mixed with animal feed immediately or after drying. To assess the usefulness of sake lees as a poultry feed ingredient and determine the effect of sake lees on intestinal immunity, we performed a feeding trial with three treatments: a raw sake lees (RSL) diet, dried sake lees (DSL) diet, and control diet. Three-week-old broilers were fed these diets (n=8 per group) for two weeks. We then calculated feed efficiency and performed RT-qPCR to assess the effects of diet on intestinal immunity. The growth performance in the RSL diet group was equivalent to that in the control diet group. The DSL diet became difficult for broilers to eat, resulting in decreased growth performance. In the ileum of RSL-diet broilers, the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and avian β-defensin (AvBD)12 were significantly increased compared to those of control diet broilers (p<0.05), and a significant correlation was observed between the two genes (p<0.05). Our results indicated that sake lees should not be dried and should be mixed immediately with feed, and this sake lees when fed to chicken activates the intestinal immunity. However, sake lees have a lower fat content than corn, and it is thus important to combine sake lees with high-energy feed.     

不同类型有机物料的有机磷组成及生物有效性

[目的]研究不同有机物料的有机磷组成及其作为磷源施用后的供磷能力,为化肥磷的有机替代奠定理论基础.[方法]供试有机物料包括粪肥类(猪粪、羊粪)、绿肥类(豌豆、苜蓿和绿豆)、秸秆类(小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆和油菜秸秆).分析了8种有机物料的全磷、有机磷含量和C/P值,采用Bowman-Cole方法测定了有机磷中的活性(LOP)...     

洋葱不同品种和播期对先期抽薹率及产量的影响

对3个洋葱品种的4个播种期进行比较试验,结果表明,洋葱先期抽薹率与品种和播种期密切相关,产量与先期抽薹率呈显著负相关。江苏地区适宜的播期为9月中下旬,9866为较适宜的品种。     

Effects of berberine on IL-1 or tumour necrosis factor induced polymorphonuclear leucocyte－endothelium adhesion

AIM:To investigate the effect of berberine on IL-1 or tumour necrosis factor (TNF) induced polymorphonuclear leucocyte(PMN)-endothelium adhesion and adhesion molecules.METHODS:Based on the model of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), this study adopted Rose Bengal Stain, cell ELISA, immunocyto-chemical techniques to investigate the effect of berberine on PMN-endothelium adhesion and the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs).RESULTS:Berberine inhibited IL-1, TNF-induced HUVEC adhesion for PMN when pretreated HUVEC and antagonised IL-1, TNF-induced upregulation of ICAM-1 on HUVEC. Meanwhile, TNF-stimulated PMN adhesion for HUVEC and CD18 upexpression on PMN was diminished in the presence of berberine.CONCLUSION: Inhibite PMN-endothelium adhesion by downregulating the CAMs expression to inhibite PMN migration across endothelium is one of the mechanisms of antiinflammation of berberine.     

不结球白菜维生素C和可溶性糖含量的遗传分析

采用主基因—多基因混合遗传模型分析方法,对不结球白菜乌塌菜×矮脚黄、雪克青×矮脚黄两个组合的维生素Ｃ、可溶性糖含量进行单世代和联合世代遗传分析。结果表明,两组合中维生素Ｃ含量遗传符合一个主基因和多基因的混合遗传模型,主基因遗传率为５２６８％～７４１２％。可溶性糖在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中也符合主基因—多基因遗传模型,主基因遗传率为８９７３％～８９７９％。维生素Ｃ和可溶性糖主基因效应均以加性效应为主,在乌塌菜×矮脚黄组合中,两性状主基因有较明显的负向显性效应,在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中,显性效应不明显。育种实践中应注重对主基因加性效应的利用。     

负水头条件下的水平一维土壤吸渗特征

该文分析了不同负水头条件下土壤水分运动特征,并通过室内模拟试验研究了不同负水头条件下水平一维土壤的吸渗特征,根据Brooks-corey模型推求了描述负水头条件下土壤吸渗公式,并分析了各参量间的函数关系。分析了Philip吸渗公式在负水头条件下的适用性,并对所建立的公式进行检验。研究结果表明：上述理论关系可以很好描述负水头条件下水平一维土壤吸渗过程。     

果蔬现代物流现状与发展对策

果蔬产业是我国农村的支柱产业之一,发展果蔬现代物流对于促进果蔬产业持续、健康发展具有重要的意义。文章系统地分析了我国果蔬物流的现状,并结合果蔬产业实际情况,针对性地提出了发展对策。即通过提升果蔬现代物流水平,最终解决果蔬物流成本高、流通过程中损失严重、品质保持欠佳等难题。     

平行梁冲量式谷物质量流量传感器弹性元件设计

冲量式传感器具有结构简单、使用方便等优点,但容易受到基础振动的干扰。为此设计了平行梁结构冲量式谷物质量流量传感器弹性元件,对弹性元件安装端部采用了削弱设计。有限元分析表明该设计方案不仅符合应力集中原则,而且可以提高传感器抵抗振动干扰的能力。给出了传感器电桥电路,以及后续放大、电压电流变换等调理电路,使得传感器输出零点可以方便调节,降低了传感器在联合收割机上的安装要求。试验结果表明,传感器线性度误差小于0.1%,输出不受外力作用点的影响,同时具备了合适的工作频带宽度。     

轴-轴承系统动力学摩擦学弹性力学耦合分析

采用动力学仿真软件ADAMS和有限元分析软件ANSYS,结合手工编程的方法,研究了变载荷作用下轴-轴承系统动力学、摩擦学、弹性力学(轴的刚度和强度)耦合分析问题,重点讨论正弦载荷作用下轴-轴承系统的共振响应和考虑动态油膜压力分布时的轴颈表面动应力计算。计算结果表明,动应力在轴颈表面沿轴向和周向的分布与油膜压力沿轴向和周向的分布密切相关;动应力随时间的变化与轴-轴承系统的动力学响应密切相关。