甘肃兴隆山落叶松叶蜂发生及防治初探

2007年，食叶害虫落叶松叶蜂在兴隆山保护区暴发，继而在保护区上庄、马脚山、兴隆山、官滩沟管理站迅速蔓延。虫害发生严重的地方，远眺林分一片枯黄，似“火烧状”，对兴隆山自然保护区落叶松林构成了严重的威胁。通过近3年的工作，已初步掌握了落叶松叶蜂在兴隆山保护区危害情况及有效的防治办法。     

中密度纤维板生产线水洗系统B阀的改进设计

对中密度纤维板生产线水洗系统闸板结构AB阀中的B阀进行改造,解决了漏水问题,延长了使用寿命,而且维修简易,带来显著的经济效益。     

应用二花脸与大约克猪建立参考家系进行连锁分析的研究

应用１头德国大约克公猪及３头二花脸母猪通过回交法（父女交配）建立了参考家系，采集了１５４头个体的血样，对１２号染色体 微卫星位点（ＳＷ９５７、ＳＷ１５５３、ＳＷ１３５０、ＳＷ８７４）检测了每个个体的基因型，应用ＣＲＩＭＡＰ程序进行了连锁分析得出了３个位点在猪１２号梁色体上的最佳排序为：ＳＷ１５５３－ＳＷ１３５０－ＳＷ８７４。其中在ＵＳＤＡ－ＭＡＲＣ家系中由于未检测到重组而不能排序的两个位点（ＳＷ１     

Complement C3 participates in the development of goose fatty liver potentially by regulating the expression of FASN and ETNK1

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) occurs in humans, domestic animals and poultry. Different from upregulation of complement C3 in human NAFLD, C3 expression is inhibited in goose fatty liver ( GFL ), implying a specific role of C3 in GFL. This study was mainly focused on uncovering the uniqueness of goose liver cells in the regulation of C3 expression and identifying the downstream genes of C3 to improve understanding on the specific role of C3 in GFL. The results showed that C3 expression was inhibited in the liver, muscle and fat tissues of the overfed versus control (normally fed) geese. Oleate and insulin could inhibit C3 expression in goose primary hepatocytes but induce it in mouse primary hepatocytes. A total of 1,123 differentially expressed genes ( DEGs ) were affected by C3 overexpression and were mainly enriched in immune response/inflammation and catabolism-related KEGG pathways. Additionally, the representative downstream genes (FASN and ETNK1) of C3 could mediate the role of C3 in the development of GFL. In conclusion, the suppression of C3 in GFL is at least partially attributed to hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia and uniqueness of goose liver cells. Complement C3 does not only affect hepatic steatosis but also affect inflammation/immune response in GFL.     

螯虾瘟流行病学和诊断技术研究进展

螯虾是全球重要的养殖和观赏虾类，也是我国重要的养殖和出口产品。由变形藻丝囊霉（Aphanomyces astaci）感染导致的螯虾瘟是螯虾最主要的传染病之一，导致欧美和亚洲地区许多国家的螯虾种群感染严重甚至灭绝。我国除台湾以外，在大陆地区至今尚未发现变形藻丝囊霉感染。本文介绍了螯虾瘟的病原学、流行病学（包括地理分布、易感动物、传播方式、临床症状以及发病率和死亡率）和诊断技术研究进展，以期为该病防控技术储备研究提供借鉴。     

喷施表油菜素内酯对籼稻和粳稻花时的影响

以6个籼稻品种和6个粳稻品种为试验材料,于调查花时性状的前日17:00、当日6:00及8:00分别喷施低浓度（0.01mg/L）、中浓度（0.10mg/L）和高浓度（1.00mg/L）的2,4-表油菜素内酯（epi-BR）,以喷施不含epi-BR的水溶液为对照,调查6个与花时有关的性状在不同处理间的差异,包括始花时、盛花时、终花时、从始花时到盛花时的时间（简称始-盛时间）、从盛花时到终花时的时间（简称盛-终时间）、开花持续时间（简称始-终时间）。结果显示,不同浓度的epi-BR对供试品种的始花时、盛花时和终花时提前均有促进作用。籼稻品种中,0.10mg/L浓度的epi-BR促进花时提前的效果最明显,而粳稻品种中,1.00mg/L浓度的epi-BR促进花时提前的效果最明显。籼稻上施用高浓度（1.00mg/L）、中浓度（0.10mg/L）的epi-BR可显著缩短始-盛时间;粳稻上只有施用高浓度（1.00mg/L）的epi-BR才能缩短始-盛时间。与对照相比,施用epi-BR可显著延长盛-终时间和始-终时间。供试籼稻品种以调查花时性状的当日6:00喷施epi-BR促进花时提前的效果最为明显,供试粳稻品种以调查花时性状的前日17:00喷施促进花时提前的效果最好。供试籼稻品种比粳稻品种对epi-BR的响应更为敏感。促进籼稻花时提前的最佳处理是调查花时性状的当日6:00喷施中浓度（0.10mg/L）的epi-BR,促进粳稻花时提前的最佳处理是调查花时性状的前日17:00喷施高浓度（1.00mg/L）的epi-BR。     

2016—2018年烟台苹果中杀菌剂残留及其膳食暴露风险分析

为了解烟台主产区苹果中杀菌剂残留状况,评估居民苹果来源杀菌剂膳食暴露风险,采用随机采样方法,2016—2018年每年10月于种植、贮存和流通环节共采集718份样本,进行18种杀菌剂检测。基于蒙特卡罗拟合计算危害指数,评估杀菌剂膳食暴露风险。结果表明,苹果中存在6种杀菌剂残留,检出率53.26%,3年检出率分别为38.43%、67.93%、38.43%,年度间差异显著(α=0.01);多菌灵最高40.39%,戊唑醇最低0.14%。6种杀菌剂残留量均值范围1.03~15.4 μg/kg,组间差异显著(α=0.05),戊唑醇、异菌脲、甲基硫菌灵、多菌灵各自最大残留量远小于最大残留限量(maximum residue limit,MRL),存在咪鲜胺和苯醚甲环唑超过MRL情况,超标率0.28%。6种杀菌剂共检出385频次,多菌灵最高290频次;同一样本存在多种杀菌剂残留,最多同一样本5种杀菌剂残留。各人群分组中,6种杀菌剂的日均膳食暴露量(estimated daily intake,EDI)各异,女性大于男性;未成年人组中,6种杀菌剂的EDI均值与年龄呈现负相关。除2~6岁组外,5种杀菌剂的膳食暴露风险商(hazard quotient,HQ)值远小于1;咪鲜胺HQ>1概率值各异,2~6岁风险概率值最大;多菌灵、苯醚甲环唑HQ>1仅存在全人群2~6岁组,其概率值分别为0.01%、0.02%。苹果来源杀菌剂的慢性膳食暴露风险危害概率值为0.30%~66%,女性大于男性,摄食者大于全人群,2~6岁、7~10岁组是高风险膳食暴露组。苹果中杀菌剂残留的总体质量状况处在可接受安全水平,咪鲜胺是苹果来源杀菌剂膳食暴露风险主要危害因子,尤其对于儿童、少年等低龄人群。     

Detection of Total Phosphorus Concentrations of Turbid Inland Waters Using a Remote Sensing Method

Phosphorus (P) is widely known as a limiting nutrient of water eutrophication for inland freshwater ecosystems. Owing to the complexity of P chemistry, remote sensing detection of total phosphorus (TP) concentrations currently remains limited especially for optically complex turbid inland waters. To address this need, a new TP remote sensing algorithm is developed based on prior water optical classification and the use of support vector regression (SVR) machine. The in situ observed datasets, used in this study, were collected at specific times during 2009?~?2011, covering a total of 232 stations from eight cruises in Lakes Taihu, Chaohu, Dianchi, and Three Gorges reservoir of China. Three types of waters were first classified by using a recently developed NTD675 (Normalized Trough Depth of spectral reflectance at 675 nm) water classification method. Then, spectral regions sensitive specifically to each water type were explored and expressed via several band ratios and used for retrieval algorithm development. The established type-specific SVR algorithms yield relatively high predictive accuracies. Specifically, the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) produced with the independent validation samples were achieved at 32.7, 23.2, and 14.1 % for type 1, type 2, and type 3 waters, respectively. Such water type-specific SVR algorithms are more accurate for the classified waters than an aggregated SVR algorithm for the nonclassified water and also superior to commonly used statistical algorithms. Moreover, application of the developed algorithms with HJ1A/HSI image data demonstrates that the algorithms have a large potential for remote sensing estimation of TP concentrations in optically complex turbid inland waters.     

硝酸镧[La(NO_3)_3]对巴西橡胶树胶乳活性氧清除系统的影响

比较了巴西橡胶树在施用了硝酸镧、乙烯利、乙烯利和硝酸镧混合剂后胶乳中的过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、抗坏血酸(Vc)和硫醇含量。结果表明,乙烯利加硝酸镧处理的胶乳的POD比活力显著低于只施用了乙烯利的处理的胶乳;并且只施用硝酸镧处理的胶乳的SOD比活力极显著高于只施用乙烯利的。硝酸镧处理下胶乳Vc和硫醇含量没有提升,甚至胶乳的Vc含量降低;且硝酸镧与乙烯利联用不影响胶乳Vc含量;硝酸镧与乙烯利联用下胶乳硫醇含量不高于乙烯利单独施用的。硝酸镧处理并没有提高胶乳非酶促系统的清除活性氧能力,可能主要依靠提高胶乳活性氧酶促清除系统来提高其抗氧化性。     

水稻苗期耐低温基因COLD1新功能标记的设计与验证

籼稻和粳稻在苗期耐低温基因COLD1的第4外显子存在1个功能性单碱基变异SNP2,粳型COLD1 ^Jap等位基因低温耐受性表现更强,具有重要的育种利用价值。通过籼粳杂交,可将粳型COLD1 ^Jap等位基因导入籼稻品种,提高其低温耐受力。为提高COLD1基因的选择效率,根据粳型COLD1 ^Jap与籼型COLD1 ^Ind基因存在的单核苷酸差异,结合扩增受阻突变体系PCR的技术原理设计功能标记。应用5个籼稻品种、5个粳稻品种、1个籼粳杂交F₁个体以及1个籼粳杂交F₂群体对功能标记进行检测验证。结果表明,所设计的功能标记可准确区分纯合粳型COLD1 ^Jap、纯合籼型COLD1 ^Ind和杂合基因型,其扩增带型与基因型完全一致,是一种鉴定COLD1基因的有效方法。该标记弥补了前人设计的衍生型酶切扩增多态性序列功能标记费用昂贵、操作复杂及费工费时等不足,可广泛应用于水稻COLD1基因的资源鉴定和分子标记辅助选择育种。