Adaptability of various models of the water production function for rice in Jilin Province,China

The existing irrigation schedule of most rice-growing areas in Jilin Province is not in full compliance with the Water Requirements Law of the rice; these discrepancies affect the yield of rice to some extent. Thus, research on rice water regulations and selection of an appropriate water production function model (WPFM) is very important. In this study, according to the water demand characteristics of rice, we used drought treatments separately during the tillering, jointing booting, flowering, and milky stages. Evapotranspiration and yield data were obtained using a test pit experiment and production measurements in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Five commonly used WPFMs (the Jensen, Blank, Minhas, Stewart, and Singh model) were selected for this study, and the water sensitivity index of each model was calculated based on the evapotranspiration, yield, and the model equations. The Jensen model was found to be the most suitable WPFM for this region; furthermore, a mathematical relationship between the water sensitivity index and days after rice planting was established. These results have important theoretical and practical implications for guidelines regarding rice irrigation in Jilin Province.     

Identification and molecular characterization of a novel flavivirus isolated from Pekin ducklings in China

A flavivirus-associated disease of egg-laying ducks was observed in eastern China in 2010, and a novel mosquito-borne flavivirus, Tembusu virus (TMUV), was isolated (Cao et al., 2011). Following up on the earlier study, a virus similar to TMUV was isolated recently from ducklings and characterized. We report that (1) the recently isolated virus, TMUV ZJ-6, replicated in vertebrate cells (DF-1, BHK-21) as well as in mosquito cells (C6/36) and caused cytopathic effect (CPE) in the cell lines tested; (2) extracellular viral particles examined by electron microscopy were approximately 45 nm in diameter and enveloped; (3) the full-length genome of the virus was determined, showing that the TMUV ZJ-6 is more closely related to the Ntaya group of viruses than other members of the Flaviviridae based on the data of phylogenetic analyses. Most importantly, the disease of ducklings was reproducible after administration of plaque-purified virus by intracerebral (i.c.), subcutaneous (s.c.) or intranasal (i.n.) inoculation. This is the first report that TMUV infects not only egg-laying ducks but also 3-21 days-old ducklings. The findings extend our understanding of how the virus spreads and causes disease.     

对通过DHI改进奶牛场生产管理的观察与分析

本试验对沈阳军区农副基地奶牛场成年母牛群进行了DHI测定。试验结果表明,通过DHI测定使奶牛群平均产奶量和乳成分都有不同程度的提高,尤其是大幅度降低了牛奶中的体细胞数,由原来的78.9万/mL下降到16.9万/mL。说明DHI测定可以提高牛场的科学管理水平,有利于奶牛产奶量和牛奶质量的提高。     

浅议吸收国际标准应重视标准的经济和贸易属性

我国是畜牧业生产大国,畜禽饲养总量已连续多年稳居世界前列,如何将这种生产优势尽快转化为贸易优势和经济优势是我国加入WTO之后畜牧业发展面临的重要问题。我国近年来参与国际贸易竞争的情况表明,以卫生质量标准为表现形式的技术性贸易壁垒是制约畜产品出口的主要障碍。根据WTO相关规则,采用国际标准是突破这种障碍的基本途径之一。本文通过介绍畜产品贸易中的国际标准及我国的采标情况,从标准的经济和贸易属性出发,对采用国际标准的问题进行探讨,以期对我国今后的采标工作有所帮助。1畜产品贸易中的国际标准在畜产品国际贸易协调中发…     

畜禽养殖场环境微生物致病性和耐药性调查研究

为了解掌握养殖场中环境微生物对养殖业和公共卫生造成的影响,初步对我国养殖场环境微生物进行了研究。对吉林、湖北等省份的部分养猪场和养鸡场环境采样,并进行大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌分离鉴定,同时对从鸡舍和猪舍内分离大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌进行动物致病性实验及对13种抗生素的耐药性实验。实验结果表明,所有实验的沙门氏菌和90.7%的大肠杆菌菌株对小白鼠有致病性;所有分离菌株对磺胺类药物的耐药性非常严重,其次是对四环素,对其他药物也有不同程度的耐药性。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

根据Gen Bank报道的N基因高度保守核苷酸序列,设计并合成一对引物。上下游引物与Gen Bank中登录的153株猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)N基因全长序列匹配度分别是100%和97%。以本实验室分离流行毒株为模板,利用SYBR Green I荧光染料法进行RT-PCR扩增,获得扩增产物构建重组质粒作为阳性对照,建立检测猪流行性腹泻病毒核酸的方法。同一样品进行3次重复试验,变异系数0.9%。通过对临床样品进行检测和测序验证,核酸检测结果中的阳性样品准确率为100%。本研究所建立的荧光定量PCR检测方法具有快速、灵敏、准确等优点,可用于临床PEDV的检测及分子流行病学调查。     

基于无线传感网络隧道亮度信号采集系统的研究

亮度信号是高速公路隧道节能照明控制系统必须检测的物理量。本文基于zigbee的技术特点,设计了一款基于无线传感网络的隧道亮度信号采集系统。系统的传感器节点负责亮度信号的采集,经CC2530处理发送,通过逐级跳转的方式把数据传输到协调器。协调器通过RS232串口与灯具控制器通信,以此实现对亮度信号的实时采集和可靠性传输。通过实验表明,该系统达到了设计的目的,并适用于高速公路隧道节能照明控制系统。     

蛋白质营养水平对工蜂初生重和咽下腺发育的影响

利用不同配比的茶花粉和黄豆粉饲料饲喂蜂群,测定后代工蜂的初生重和咽下腺宽度。结果发现,饲喂100％茶花粉与饲喂“75％茶花粉＋25％黄豆粉”的蜂群,所育工蜂的初生重差异不显著,与饲喂100％黄豆粉的蜂群相比,差异极显著;饲喂100％茶花粉与饲喂“75％茶花粉＋25％黄豆粉”的蜂群相比,6日龄、9日龄、12日龄工蜂咽下腺宽度差异均不显著,与饲喂100％黄豆粉的蜂群相比,6日龄、9日龄差异不显著,而12日龄差异显著。本试验结果表明,蛋白质营养水平对工蜂初生重和咽下腺发育均具有显著的影响。     

动物疫病区域化管理的新模式——生物安全隔离区划

2003年,OIE提出了动物疫病区域化政策的新理念——生物安全隔离区划(Compartmentalisation),即通过采取生物安全管理控制措施等手段,建设基于企业水平的无疫生物安全隔离区。从2004年起,OIE先后在《陆生动物卫生法典》和《OIE公告》中提出了定义、评价和确认生物安全隔离区的原则、要素和步骤建议,为世界各国开展生物安全隔离区建设评估工作提供了方向性指导。虽然生物安全隔离区划的概念提出时间较短,但作为一种全新的动物疫病区域化管理模式,生物安全隔离区划已经引起了世界范围的广泛关注,美国、泰国等畜牧业发达国家均在积极研究探索生物安全隔离区建设评估的模式。     

我国畜牧业技术进步的定量分析研究

在文献综述的基础上,运用CD生产函数对1990年以来我国近3个五年计划期的畜牧业技术进步贡献率进行了测算,并提出了提高我国畜牧业技术进步的对策建议。