基于FTA的船舶冷藏集装箱故障的建立

介绍了故障树分析法,并进行了理论分析,探讨了通过采用故障树分析方法,建立起船舶冷藏集装箱的故障集.     

Analysis of Inter-Individual Bacterial Variation in Gut of Cicada Meimuna mongolica (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Intestinal bacterial community plays a crucial role in the nutrition, development, survival, and reproduction of insects. When compared with other insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts, the habitats of cicada nymphs and adults are totally different. However, little is known about the differences in the gut bacterial communities in the nymphs and adults within any cicada species. The diversity of bacteria in the gut of nymphs and adults of both genders of Meimuna mongolica (Distant) was studied using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method. Few inter-individual variations among gut microbiota were observed, suggesting that M. mongolica typically harbors a limited and consistent suite of bacterial species. Bacteria in the genera Pseudomonas and Enterobacter were the predominant components of the gut microflora of M. mongolica at all life stages. Bacteria of Pantoea, Streptococcus, and Uruburuella were also widespread in the cicada samples but at relatively lower concentrations. The relative stability and similarity of the PCR-DGGE patterns indicate that all individuals of this cicada species harbor a characteristic bacterial community which is independent from developmental stages and genders. Related endosymbionts that could be harbored in bacteromes of cicadas were not detected in any gut samples, which could be related to the cicada species and the distribution of these endosymbionts in the cicada cavity, or due to some of the possible limitations of PCR-DGGE community profiling. It is worthwhile to further address if related cicada endosymbiont clades distribute in the alimentary canals and other internal organs through diagnostic PCR using group-specific primer sets.     

各向同性人造板材料弹性模量测量及其标准差评价

弹性模量是衡量人造板材料力学性能的重要指标,用标准差法对其进行综合评价尤为必要,对其实测及方差分析具有较好的应用价值。采用三点弯曲静力法和悬臂梁自由端振动法,测定各向同性HDF、三合板和OSB试材的静弹性模量和动弹性模量。在实测数据分析中,为反映总体弹性模量实测值数据集的离散程度及落在样本统计值某一区内的概率,还确定了其置信区间,评价了置信度。结果表明:各向同性人造板材料的静弹性模量和动弹性模量测试结果一致,其置信区间越大,置信水平越高。     

福州细叶榕传粉生物学

在福州地区选取85株细叶榕,对其传粉生物学进行研究.细叶榕榕果发育过程可划分为5个时期:雌前期、雌花期、间花期、雄花期和花后期.细叶榕雌花有长花柱、短花柱之分,柱头较长且弯曲,每个柱头独立,没有形成有利于小蜂传粉和产卵的联合柱头平台,雄花迟熟.细叶榕常年挂果,每年的4--8月为花序芽萌发高峰期,单株每年结果1～4次.细叶榕榕果从雌前期到花后期的发育时间长短与水热条件密切相关,在较为干冷的10月至翌年3月,细叶榕榕果发育较慢,一个发育周期通常需要3-6个月；在较为湿热的4-9月,榕果发育明显变快,一个发育周期仅需1-2个月.榕果的发育呈现株间、株内异步,花序发育周期交叠的现象频繁发生.细叶榕雌花期单果进蜂数量以1-2只占绝对优势,使个体小、数量多的榕果能够获得有效进蜂,既保证了传粉小蜂在榕果狭小空间内的有效传粉,也保证了榕树自身的正常结实,是榕-蜂协同进化的结果.福州细叶榕榕果内有17种小蜂,隶属于小蜂总科中的6个科(亚科),其中榕小蜂科的Eupristina verticillata是细叶榕唯一的传粉者,在榕小蜂群落结构中占绝对优势.细叶榕种子产出率明显较低,仅为13.64％,可能是其柱头未形成联合柱头平台,以及非传粉小蜂种类和数量较多的缘故.细叶榕可能通过增加年花期数(结果批次)来增加种子的产出,以确保自身的繁衍.本研究结果为城市绿化和热带雨林生物多样性保护提供科学依据.     

高职院校《可编程序控制器应用技术》课程改革研究

文章介绍了笔者在《可编程控制器应用技术》教学过程中,运用项目化教学方法,将教学内容贯穿于多个实际工作项目中,模拟生产实际过程,从而激发学生的学习兴趣,同时提高学生的基础知识水平和实际操作能力。     

天津滨海盐土的脱盐碱化及其防治

天津滨海盐土在长期治理过程中由于盐土的脱盐碱化，以及缺少有机肥料和低矿化（高钠）碱性水灌溉等原因，已出现了程度不等的碱化土壤。试验表明，应用有机无机改土剂和增施有机肥、深耕深翻、咸淡水混合灌溉等农艺措施，并与工程措施、生物措施相结合进行综合治理，能收到明显的改良效果。     

过表达桑树色氨酸脱羧酶基因(MnTDC)转基因烟草提高其耐盐性

褪黑素在植物生长、发育、生物与非生物胁迫中发挥重要作用.色氨酸脱羧酶(tryptophan decarboxylase,TDC)是褪黑素生物合成中第一个重要的酶.本研究克隆川桑TDC基因,并将其转入烟草中过表达,探讨MnTDC在盐胁迫下的作用机制.结果 表明,成功构建过表达载体pLGNL-MnTDC,并经过农杆菌介导的愈伤组织转化获得3个独立转基因系.GUS染色、基因组PCR鉴定证明MnTDC成功转化到烟草株系中.qRT-PCR结果表明MnTDC在3个转基因烟草株系中的转录水平显著高于野生型(WT).UPLC-MS/MS结果表明转基因株系显著提高了褪黑素的生物合成量.盐胁迫下,Mn TDC过表达烟草与野生株系烟草相比,耐盐性显著增强.转基因烟草株系中的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性均显著高于野生株系烟草,脯氨酸(Pro)等调节渗透压物质的含量和ERD10C等调节渗透压的基因表达量显著高于野生株系烟草,转基因株系中丙二醛(MDA)含量比野生株系烟草低.研究结果表明,MnTDC通过调节烟草细胞中褪黑素的含量进而影响了烟草植株整体的耐盐性.本研究初步揭示了MnTDC基因的抗逆功能,为桑树耐盐分子育种提供了重要候选基因和理论参考.     

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.     

金融管理对中小饲料企业融资难的影响及解决

我国饲料行业已从发展的快速增长期步入成熟期。当前,饲料企业数量众多,分布广泛,但不少饲料企业规模较小,市场竞争力弱,急需进行转型升级。由于中小饲料企业信用评级低,经营风险大,且资产抵押物少,导致企业融资渠道较为狭窄,融资成本高。融资难的问题已经成为了制约饲料企业发展、扩大企业规模、提升企业技术水平的瓶颈。金融管理作为提升企业管理水平、优化金融管理的重要手段,对帮助或解决中小饲料企业融资难有一定的效果。因此,本文以中小饲料企业融资难问题为切入点,通过分析金融管理对融资难的影响,归纳总结出当前中小饲料企业金融管理的问题和解决对策,为饲料行业转型升级提供理论参考。     

松辽黑猪METTL23基因多态性及其与繁殖性状的关联分析

为探究松辽黑猪METTL23基因多态性及其与繁殖性状的关联性,试验选取178头松辽黑猪母猪为研究对象,利用Sanger直接测序法查找METTL23基因外显子1~5的单核苷酸多态性(SNP),使用SPSS 19.0软件分析METTL23基因SNP位点与松辽黑猪繁殖性状(总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生重、3周龄重、断奶重、乳头数)的关联性。结果显示,仅在松辽黑猪METTL23基因外显子4发现1个SNP位点,命名为A62G,在A62G位点上检测到3种基因型,分别是AA、AG和GG。GG和G分别为优势基因型和优势等位基因,且A62G位点处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。该位点的遗传纯合度(Ho)为0.6516,高于遗传杂合度(He,0.3484),说明其在松辽黑猪群体中的变异较小;多态信息含量(PIC)为0.2877,属于中度多态位点(0.25<PIC<0.5),说明该遗传标记能够提供一定量的遗传信息。关联分析结果表明,GG基因型个体总产仔数、产活仔数和断奶仔猪数均显著或极显著高于AA基因型个体(P<0.05;P<0.01),总产仔数还显著高于AG基因型个体(P<0.05);AG基因型个体断奶仔猪数显著高于AA基因型个体(P<0.05);初生重、3周龄重、断奶重、乳头数各基因型间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,METTL23基因外显子4存在多态性位点A62G,该位点与松辽黑猪产仔数存在显著关联,可作为松辽黑猪产仔数的遗传标记,用于分子育种。