基于溯源技术的蔬菜基地管理系统开发与应用

蔬菜是我国重要的农产品,其质量安全问题关系着国计民生,一直是社会关注的重点。当前我国的蔬菜产品质量安全问题仍然十分广泛和严重,问题蔬菜的来源去向不明、责任不清,企业对蔬菜种植基地的管理缺乏有效的信息管理手段,消费者对购买蔬菜缺乏有效可靠的信息获取途径。因此,从信息技术的角度构建了一个基于溯源技术的蔬菜基地管理系统,详细介绍了蔬菜溯源码的设计、系统的开发环境、业务流程与主要功能,并重点阐述以规程控制为农业生产指导的蔬菜安全管理模式。系统的开发与应用,实现了"问题蔬菜"的企业内部溯源,以及消费者通过手机查询蔬菜溯源信息,为蔬菜企业提供了对基地种植进行质量管理的信息化工具,为政府提供了一种溯源系统解决方案。     

发展高效农业应解决的几个问题

探讨发展高效农业的途径,运用多层次说明高效农业发展。在农业思想,产业结构,技术推广,环境保护和资金投入成为高效农业发展的重要依据,有效实现高效农业发展。     

杉木叶绿体微卫星及其单倍型变异分析

杉木是我国南方重要的用材林树种,但其分子标记开发滞后于其他树种。文章利用种（属、科）间扩增法,从来源于黑松、日本柳杉等的21个叶绿体微卫星（SSR）位点中为杉木筛选适合的标记。结果表明:候选标记位点中有10个能够成功扩增,其中2个位点（CJCP1m₀04和CJCP2m₀02）具有多态性,其单倍型数量（A）分别为2和6,多样性指数（H）为0.233和0.733。多态性位点的单倍型序列分析结果表明,源于日本柳杉的CJCP2m₀02在杉木中属高变异位点,其SSR重复单元类型为（AT）n··（T）n,不同于来源物种的重复单元类型（AT）n。筛选得到的叶绿体微卫星（SSR）标记在杉木分子遗传学研究中具有重要用途。     

农村土地流转信托化的法律机制构建

从法律层面厘清了土地流转信托的概念,明晰了土地流转信托委托人、信托人及受益人的权利与义务,分析了我国土地流转信托在实践中存在的问题,如委托人权利缺乏维护,受托人过失缺乏追究,受益人权利缺乏保障,信托财产缺乏独立性,政府角色缺乏公立性,金融信贷缺乏畅通性。对此,提出了构建土地流转信托机制的设想:单独制定农村土地流转信托法律法规,加快土地流转信托确权登记颁证制度,强化政府的宏观调控职能,建立土地流转信托基金,加强金融合作,推行农村土地信托责任保险。     

猕猴肠道寄生虫研究进展

猕猴作为一种重要的试验动物,肠道寄生虫不但影响猕猴的健康和质量,而且干扰试验结果,甚至对工作人员的健康造成危害.对猕猴肠道常见寄生虫的种类、流行病学、传播方式、治疗手段以及有效管理和防治措施进行了较全面的描述,为开展猕猴的质量研究提供理论依据.     

Analysis of Inter-Individual Bacterial Variation in Gut of Cicada Meimuna mongolica (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Intestinal bacterial community plays a crucial role in the nutrition, development, survival, and reproduction of insects. When compared with other insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts, the habitats of cicada nymphs and adults are totally different. However, little is known about the differences in the gut bacterial communities in the nymphs and adults within any cicada species. The diversity of bacteria in the gut of nymphs and adults of both genders of Meimuna mongolica (Distant) was studied using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method. Few inter-individual variations among gut microbiota were observed, suggesting that M. mongolica typically harbors a limited and consistent suite of bacterial species. Bacteria in the genera Pseudomonas and Enterobacter were the predominant components of the gut microflora of M. mongolica at all life stages. Bacteria of Pantoea, Streptococcus, and Uruburuella were also widespread in the cicada samples but at relatively lower concentrations. The relative stability and similarity of the PCR-DGGE patterns indicate that all individuals of this cicada species harbor a characteristic bacterial community which is independent from developmental stages and genders. Related endosymbionts that could be harbored in bacteromes of cicadas were not detected in any gut samples, which could be related to the cicada species and the distribution of these endosymbionts in the cicada cavity, or due to some of the possible limitations of PCR-DGGE community profiling. It is worthwhile to further address if related cicada endosymbiont clades distribute in the alimentary canals and other internal organs through diagnostic PCR using group-specific primer sets.     

Effect of ammonia and nitrite on vigour,survival rate,moulting rate of the blue swimming crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Portunus pelagicus</Emphasis> zoea

The effects of ammonia and nitrite on vigour, survival rate, moulting rate of zoea of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, were studied. A total of five nitrite-N treatments (26.67, 53.34, 106.68, 213.36, 426.72 mg/l) and a control (no nitrite-N added) were set up for the acute nitrite-N toxicity experiment; a total of five ammonia-N treatments (8.43, 16.86, 33.72, 67.44, 134.88 mg/l) and a control (no ammonia-N added) were set up for the acute ammonia-N toxicity experiment. The results showed that the vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 53.34 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of nitrite-N were 179.47, 76.56, 66.70, 37.49, 25.01, 25.35, 25.34 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 16.86 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of ammonia-N were 51.04, 39.62, 38.72, 24.43, 16.90, 13.42, 11.16 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The zoeae are highly sensitive to ammonia and nitrite, and the toxicity of ammonia and nitrite on Portunus pelagicus decrease with development of this crab.     

柳蛎盾蚧危害与丁香防御蛋白活力的关系

在柳蛎盾蚧的未危害期(5月末)、危害盛期(6月末)、危害弱期(7月末)、危害末期(8月末),测定高抗类[什锦丁香等7种(品种)]、中抗类[西南丁香等3种(品种)]、易感类[紫丁香等2种]、高感类(红丁香)13种(品种)丁香叶中的POD,SOD,CAT,PPO,PAL,TI和CI 7种防御蛋白的活性.结果表明:危害时期,丁香种(品种)对丁香防御蛋白活力有极显著影响(P＜0.01).POD活性,在危害盛期,在高抗、中抗类丁香中均显著升高(P＜0.05),而在易感、高感类中应激滞后,即分别在危害弱期和危害末期升高.CAT在易感类和高感类丁香防御上起主导作用,其活性在危害盛期显著升高,而中抗和高抗类未见明显变化.SOD活性,在危害盛期高抗类丁香中无显著变化,而其余3类则显著降低.PPO活性在未危害期的高低与抗性相关,在虫害盛期诱导表达的强弱也与抗性相关;PAL活性未能反映抗性品种间的差异.TI和CI活性,在未危害期的高低与其抗虫性无明显相关性,在危害盛期的升高幅度与抗虫性呈正相关.综上所述,PPO在未危害期的活力可作为筛选丁香抗虫种(品种)的指标,危害盛期POD,PPO,TI和CI活性升高的幅度与丁香抗虫性呈正相关.