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631.
632.
Kida K Suzuki M Matsumoto N Nanjo F Hara Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(9):4151-4155
After oral administration of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) to rats, its biliary metabolites were examined. Although a large part of the biliary metabolites was found to exist in conjugated forms, it was difficult to separate the conjugated forms. Thus the free form of biliary metabolites was prepared by beta-glucuronidase/sulfatase treatment and was purified by HPLC. Six compounds purified were subjected to FABeta-MS and NMR analyses. The six metabolites thus obtained were shown to be EGCg, 3'-O-methyl-EGCg, 4'-O-methyl-EGCg, 3' '-O-methyl-EGCg, 4' '-O-methyl-EGCg, and 4',4' '-di-O-methyl-EGCg, respectively. The six EGCg metabolites and their conjugates excreted during a 4-h period were estimated to be roughly 0.1% and 3.3% of the administered EGCg, respectively. In addition, 4' '-O-methyl-EGCg and 4',4' '-di-O-methyl-EGCg were estimated to exist only in the sulfate form, but the other four metabolites existed in both glucuronide (and/or sulfoglucuronide) and sulfate forms. 相似文献
633.
Preparative-scale isolation of four anthocyanin components of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) fruits
Matsumoto H Hanamura S Kawakami T Sato Y Hirayama M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(3):1541-1545
Four anthocyanin components of black currant, delphinidin 3-O-beta-rutinoside (D3R), cyanidin 3-O-beta-rutinoside (C3R), delphinidin 3-O-beta-glucoside (D3G), and cyanidin 3-O-beta-glucoside (C3G), were successfully isolated as crystalline forms on a preparative scale. In this process, selective hydrolysis of the glucosides (D3G and C3G) and rhamnosides (D3R and C3R) was achieved by treatment with beta-glucosidase and hesperidinase (alpha-rhamnosidase), respectively, to improve resolution of anthocyanin components. Especially, selective conversion of the rutinosides into glucosides made the amounts of D3G and C3G increase about 4- and 7-fold, respectively. D3R, C3R, D3G, and C3G were isolated from enzymatic hydrolysates of black currant anthocyanins through Amberlite XAD-7HP absorption followed by preparative HPLC separation, and their crystals were obtained as the flavylium chloride. 相似文献
634.
Matsumoto H Nakamura Y Hirayama M Yoshiki Y Okubo K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(18):5034-5037
The antioxidant activity of nine anthocyanin glycosides was measured in a neutral pH region using a chemiluminescence (CL) emission system in the presence of an H(2)O(2)-acetaldehyde system, and the intensities were found to be affected by three factors, pH value and both moieties of the aglycon and C-3 sugar. With an increase in pH from 4.0 to 9.0, the CL intensities increased from pH 5.0, reached their maxima at pH 6.0-7.0, and decreased at pH 9.0. Comparison of the intensities among the 3-glucosides with five different aglycons and the 3-glycosides with three different sugar moieties at C-3 showed that their strongest intensities were given by the delphinidin aglycon and 3-rutinosyl moiety, respectively. Monitoring of the CL intensity of human blood plasma for 8 h after oral administration of black currant anthocyanins (BCA) showed a rapid increase until 2 h, and a significant difference (P < 0.05) was recognized at 1-8 h. 相似文献
635.
Several iron-rich wood samples were investigated using Mössbauer spectroscopy to obtain information on the chemical state of the iron species contained in them. The Mössbauer spectrum of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) wood containing iron species that originated from rusted nails exhibited a symmetrical doublet from a high-spin Fe(III) species, which is expected to be γ-FeOOH (lepidocrocite). Mössbauer absorption attributable to high-spin Fe(III) was observed for ancient buried wood samples of both Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher). Moreover, Mössbauer measurement indicated that the ancient buried Japanese cedar also possessed high-spin Fe(II) species. 相似文献
636.
Olov?Karlsson Tsutomu?Ikeda Takao?Kishimoto Kengo?Magara Yuji?Matsumoto Shuji?HosoyaEmail author 《Journal of Wood Science》2004,50(2):141-150
A novel method for analysis of benzylic ether type lignin–carbohydrate bonds has been developed by using model compounds. Four diastereomers of model compound 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-3-(methyl -d-glucopyranoside-6-O-yl)-1-propanol (GGMGP), were ozonized in acetic acid/water/methanol 16:3:1 for 1h at 0°C. The product from ozonation of each diastereomer was saponified and the corresponding -etherified tetronic acid (TAMGP) was isolated using ion exchange chromatography. Minor amounts of methyl -d-glucopyranoside (MGP) and small amounts of a gluconic acid etherified with tetronic acid (TAGLCA), tetronic acid, gluconic acid, and glyceric acid were detected in the product mixture of ozonated benzylic ether type model compounds. The results suggest that a benzyl ether bond between lignin and carbohydrate is rather stable during the ozone treatment. Acid treatments with sulfuric acid or trifluoroacetic acid of the derived TAMGP led to cleavage of the glucosidic bond but only a small amount of products (tetronic acid and glucose) resulting from cleavage of the -ether bond were formed. The successful chemical treatments were used for studies of benzylic ether bonds in Japanese red pine. The results suggest the presence of benzylic ether bonds to polysaccharides in the wood.Part of this paper was presented at the 10th International Symposium of Wood and Pulping Chemistry (ISWPC), Yokohama, 1999; the 11th ISWPC, Nice, 2001; and as a rapid comunication in J Wood Sci (2000) 46:263–265 相似文献
637.
Kenichi Daikoku Shigeaki Hattori Aiko Deguchi Yuji Fujita Hotaek Park Kazuho Matsumoto 《Journal of Forest Research》2007,12(6):452-466
We explored the relationship between directional variation (changes in direction from a reference point) in vegetation and
wind profiles, and propose an empirical wind profile model that may reproduce the wind profile within the canopy (such as
secondary wind maximum) and reduce calculation loads. Based on the results of our observations in secondary broad-leaved forest,
we clarified the variation in secondary wind maximum and aerodynamic parameters in wind direction, and assessed the influence
of forest structural heterogeneity on the wind profile. Wind blew from specific directions depending on the time of day and
season, and secondary wind maxima were observed in particular wind directions. Outlier estimations of aerodynamic parameters
were determined for wind directions of 45°, 120–210°, and 300°, and these did not show a logarithmic distribution. Our proposed
model reproduced the wind profile within and above the canopy, closely resembling K-theory and closure models, and reduced
the required number of calculations and observations. The influence of forest structural heterogeneity was greatest in the
upper part of the canopy (9.14 m), and reproducibility of the wind profile was improved by 0.05 m/s (3.4% on average) by changing
the forest structural parameters of the model according to the wind direction. It was clear that forest structural heterogeneity
did not cause critical errors in estimation of the wind profile, even at our study site, which had complex forest structure. 相似文献
638.
Keiichi Koda Hitoshi Goto Hiroyuki Shintani Yuji Matsumoto Gyosuke Meshitsuka 《Journal of Wood Science》2001,47(5):362-367
Methanol liberation and methoxyl loss during chlorine bleaching of softwood kraft pulp were quantitatively investigated to estimate the degree of structural modification of lignin aromatics. An increase in the chlorine multiple led to enhanced methoxyl loss from lignin. Our result, using pH-adjusted chlorine water (pH 5.7), by which chlorination under oxidation-favorable conditions was achieved, strongly supported the importance of the oxidation reaction by chlorine during delignification and lignin degradation. It was also suggested that methanol can be produced not only via catalytic hydrolysis by chlorine but via oxidative cleavage of the ether bond as well. The infrared spectrum of chlorolignins suggested that chlorine oxidation can open aromatic rings to muconic acid derivatives without cleaving ether bonding of the methoxyl group. No straight relation between the methoxyl content and the kappa number of chlorinated pulps was shown. The methoxyl content of bleached kraft pulps subjected to successive chlorination and alkali extraction showed a good relation with the kappa number. This means that almost all the portions of the oxidatively modified lignin structure were successfully removed during these treatments, and the aromatic structures of residual lignin in chlorinated and alkali-extracted pulps were thought to remain intact.Part of this paper was presented at the 46th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kumamoto, April 1996; the 10th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, Yokohama, June 1999; and the 67th Pulp and Paper Research Conference, Tokyo, June 2000 相似文献
639.
Akiyama T Maeda S Yamane S Ogino K Kasai M Kajiura F Matsumoto M Inoue J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5719):248-251
The microenvironments of the thymus are generated by thymic epithelial cells (TECs) and are essential for inducing immune self-tolerance or developing T cells. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the differentiation of TECs and thymic compartmentalization are not fully understood. Here we show that deficiency in the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 6 results in disorganized distribution of medullary TECs (mTECs) and the absence of mature mTECs. Engraftment of thymic stroma of TRAF6(-/-) embryos into athymic nude mice induced autoimmunity. Thus, TRAF6 directs the development of thymic stroma and represents a critical point of regulation for self-tolerance and autoimmunity. 相似文献
640.