Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against formalin-inactivated Nipah virus isolated from the lungs of a pig

Eight clones of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to Nipah virus (NV) were produced against formalin-inactivated NV antigens. They reacted positive by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test, and one of them also demonstrated virus neutralizing activity. They were classified into six different types based on their biological properties. These Mabs will be useful for immunodiagnosis of NV infections in animals and further research studies involving the genomes and proteins of NV.     

Identification of Staphylococcus hyicus by polymerase chain reaction mediated amplification of species specific sequences of superoxide dismutase A encoding gene sodA

A species specific PCR test, based on manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase A encoding gene sodA, was developed for the identification of Staphylococcus hyicus, an important bacterial pathogen in pigs. The designed primers allowed a rapid and reliable identification of phenotypically characterized S. hyicus, isolated in Russia, Germany and Denmark. No cross reactivities could be observed investigating staphylococcal reference strains representing 18 different species and subspecies. The use of the described primers might improve a future diagnosis of this bacterial pathogen.     

A Review on Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) with Special Reference to PPR in Iran

In 1995, a peste des petits ruminants (PPR) outbreak was diagnosed in Ilam province in Iran near the border with Iraq both serologically and virologically. As then, despite all control measures, PPR has been identified in the whole country and has led to costs of at least US$1.5 million to the Iranian owners of sheep and goats.     

Improvement of growth and nitrogen utilization in sheep using sugar beet pulp treated with Trichoderma reesei or urea

Twenty-five intact Barki lambs with mean body weight of 24.81 ± 0.16?kg were used to investigate the effect of including in the diet sugar beet pulp (SBP) treated biologically with Trichoderma reesei or chemically with urea 4 % on nutrients digestibility, growth performance, nitrogen (N) utilization, and hematological and biochemical parameters. Two experiments were conducted. In the growth experiment, five lambs were randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments. Lambs were offered isonitrogenous and isoenergetic concentrate feed mixture containing on dry matter basis 0 % SBP (D0), 50 % SBP (D1), 50 % SBP treated with 4 % urea (D2), 50 % SBP treated with T. reesei (D3), and 25 % SPB treated with 4 % urea plus 25 % SPB treated with T. reesei (D4). In the metabolism experiment, five rams were used in a 5?×?5 Latin square design and housed in metabolism crates for 21?days. The present study showed that inclusion of SBP at the level of 50 % (D1) negatively affected diet digestibility coefficients of crude protein, crude fiber, and ether extract, in addition to average daily gain, feed conversion, and N utilization. However, treatment of SBP with urea (D2), T. reesei (D3), or the combination (D4) of both had improved (P?相似文献   

Effect of processing conditions, prestorage treatment, and storage conditions on the phenol content and antioxidant activity of olive mill waste

The impact of two- and three-phase processing systems and malaxation conditions on phenol content (both total and individual phenols) and antioxidant capacity of laboratory-generated olive mill waste (OMW) was assessed. Two-phase olive processing generated a waste with higher phenol content and antioxidant capacity. Using the two-phase system, both malaxation time and temperature affected the phenol content and antioxidant capacity. The effects of different prestorage drying treatments on phenol content and antioxidant capacity were also compared. Air drying and drying at 60 degrees C resulted in a substantial decrease in the phenol content and antioxidant capacity. Drying at 105 degrees C and freeze-drying produced less degradation. The phenol content and antioxidant capacity of OMW stored at 4 degrees C and of OMW preserved by 40% w/w ethanol and 1% w/w acetic acid and stored at 4 degrees C were monitored for 30 days and compared with those of OMW stored at room temperature. None of these storage conditions could prevent the rapid decrease in phenolic concentrations and antioxidant capacity, which happened within the first 24 h.     

Reliminary survey of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle in Central Equatoria State, Southern Sudan

In a preliminary survey conducted in 2005, the species composition and seasonality of ticks infesting cattle in Central Equatoria State, Southern Sudan was determined. Three locations were selected (Gumbo, Khor Rumla and Nyaing) and surveyed every 3 months. Two cattle herds in each of the three locations were visited four times during the study period. Total body collections of ticks were made from each of five cattle (Nilotic Zebu breed) kept in six different herds. Four tick genera and ten species were identified. The tick species identified were Amblyomma lepidum, Amblyomma variegatum, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus praetextatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus group. The highest number of ticks was collected in October during the rainy season. A finding of great significance was that R. appendiculatus, vector of East Coast fever, has now firmly established itself throughout the year with possible implications for cattle production in Central Equatoria State.     

Bee pollen and propolis as dietary supplements for rabbit: Effect on reproductive performance of does and on immunological response of does and their offspring

To evaluate the effect of bee pollen (BP) and/or propolis (Pro) supplementation on rabbit does, 64 nulliparous NZW rabbits does were distributed among eight groups (eight animals/group). One unsupplemented group was the control; the other seven groups were supplemented, respectively, with zinc bacitracin (ZnB) at 100 mg, BP at 150 and 300 mg, Pro at 150 and 300 mg, BP+Pro at 150 and 300 mg of each three times/week, day after day continuously along eight parities. The BP300, Pro300 and BP+Pro150 groups had higher body weight of litter at birth and number of kids born alive. The BP supplementation at 150 mg increased plasma total protein and albumin than the control group. The BP or Pro at 150 mg decreased plasma T₃ than the other groups except for BP+Pro150. The ZnB group had significantly greater T₃/T₄ ratio compared to BP, Pro and BP+Pro at 150 mg. The BP+Pro150 group had less ALT than the control; BP300 and Pro 300 mg resulted in lower plasma AST than the groups Pro150 with or without BP and the control group. The plasma alkaline phosphatase of BP at 150 or 300 mg and BP+Pro150 was significantly greater than that of the Pro150 group. The BP+Pro300 group had higher WBCs than the other groups. In contrast, the lymphocytes were greater in the Pro and BP+Pro300 groups than in BP, Pro and BP+Pro at 150 mg. The groups supplemented with BP and BP+Pro at 150 and 300 mg had significantly greater SRBCs of doe rabbits and their offspring compared to the control and the ZnB group. The BP at 300 mg increased the serum albumin and α₁‐globulin than the control group. The Pro300 group had greater serum α₂‐globulin and β‐globulin than the control group. The total globulin was significantly greater for the 300 mg propolis‐supplemented groups than the control.     

棉秆切碎及压缩成型的试验研究

采用３种不同切碎方法,即锤片切碎、螺旋刀切碎和直刃刀切碎进行了棉秆切碎的性能研究。试验结果表明,直刃刀对青棉秆的一次切碎,能获得细小颗粒产量高、能耗低的满意效果。切碎物料在英国Ｓｈｉｍａｄａ螺旋压缩机上进行热压成型试验。成型燃料质量指标的测定结果表明,切碎物料含水率在８％～１２％,加热温度在１２０～１５０℃,最大粒度控制在１２．５ｍｍ以下,能获得密度为１．１３～１．２１ｇ／ｃｍ^３、低位热值为１８．３４ＭＪ／ｋｇ的优质棉秆成型燃料。     

Impact of Wall Material on the Physiochemical Properties and Oxidative Stability of Microencapsulated Spray Dried Silver Carp Oil

This study aimed to microencapsulate silver carp oil by spray drying with different combinations of wall materials (gum Arabic, modified starch Hi-cap, maltodextrin, and inulin) and evaluate the effects of these combinations on the physiochemical and oxidative stability of the microcapsules. Feed emulsions were also investigated prior to spray drying. Modified starch-based microcapsules had higher encapsulation efficiency (91.22-92.78%) and yield (87.41-92.15%), excellent solubility (91.85-93.67%), good particle size (301.20-407.73 d.nm), color, and powder morphology. The presence of inulin reduced agglomeration in powders. All the powders exhibited good protection against lipid oxidation during 2 months of storage, whereas the modified starch and inulin combination provided the best stability.