转 Bt基因抗虫棉对棉大卷叶螟抗性的研究

:转Bt基因抗虫棉对棉铃虫有很好的抗性,对棉大卷叶螟(SyleptaderogataFabricius)的抗性未见报道。作者研究表明,棉大卷叶螟在棉田为聚集分布型,低龄幼虫有集中为害习性;抗虫棉对其有很好的抗性,平均虫株率为2.2%,较常规棉中棉所12降低96.6%;百株虫量为133.8头,较常规棉降低88.4%。     

植物生长调节剂在茄果类蔬菜上的应用进展

概述了植物生长调节剂的作用和当前茄果类蔬菜作物栽培中常用生长调节剂的种类、主要作用及其调控生理基础，指出了植物生长调节剂使用应注意的问题及其应用前景。     

变叶海棠种群多样性的形成与分化研究

 采用杂种指数和形象化散点图法, 探明了变叶海棠以兼性无融合生殖方式与陇东海棠和花叶海棠产生渗入杂交变异, 又以无融合生殖方式保持新产生变异的遗传, 经过数千万年的世代繁衍,形成现今这样极其复杂多样的渗入杂交群体, 该群体为3 个种的杂交复合体。由于杂种的全部或部分能育子代中发生的基因重组和增加基因的突变, 丰富了物种的基因库, 从而深入的揭示了变叶海棠具有多种高抗性的遗传机理。在变叶海棠居群内保护或栽植适量的陇东海棠和花叶海棠, 对于保持和促进变叶海棠多样性的形成与分化具有重要意义。     

苹果梨中多酚氧化酶酶学特性的研究

 以苹果梨中的多酚氧化酶为研究对象, 对其酶的活性变化及其特性的研究表明, 苹果梨中的多酚氧化酶的最适pH 值是4. 6 , 最适温度是40 ℃; 亚硫酸氢钠、维生素C、柠檬酸对苹果梨中多酚氧化酶的抑制作用依次减弱, 硫酸钠几乎无抑制作用。不同底物和同底物不同浓度影响多酚氧化酶特性。     

梨果实若干性状的遗传倾向

 以梨12 个杂交组合和138 个栽培品种为试材, 研究几个果实性状的遗传倾向, 结果如下: 栽培品种果实含糖量集中在6 %～9 % , 平均为7. 39 %; 果实含糖量表现为数量性状, 呈正态分布, 杂种后代果实含糖量主要分布在6 %～10 % , 平均为7. 8 % , 遗传传递力平均为90. 8 %。栽培品种含酸量介于0. 08 %～0. 74 % , 平均为0. 238 %; 杂种后代果实含酸量为数量性状, 组合遗传传递力平均为69. 2 %。梨果实挥发性物质共检测出5 种酯类、8 种醇类和乙烯、乙醛、丙酮类共16 种化合物。杂种后代果实中发现了其亲本果实中所没有的戊醇成分。果实肉质性状表现为质量性状, 脆肉对软肉为显性。杂种后代表现为果点变大、密, 果柄变长, 果汁变少, 果皮厚度相当于亲中值。     

月季切花乙烯受体ETR1 cDNA克隆及其序列分析*

 根据乙烯受体基因ETR1 保守区设计引物, 分别以瓶插寿命差异显著的月季切花品种‘德克萨斯’和‘维亚蒂’为材料, 通过RT-PCR 从花瓣中扩增出了797 bp 的cDNA 片段, 它编码265 个氨基酸。测序和序列分析表明,‘德克萨斯’重组质粒中插入片段的核苷酸序列之间完全相同, 命名为pRT-ETR1。而‘维亚蒂’所获得的重组质粒中插入片段的核苷酸和氨基酸序列之间存在差异, 同源性分别为85. 2 %和92. 1 % , 分别命名为pRV-ETR1-V4 和pRV-ETR1-V5。pRV2 ETR12V5 的核苷酸和氨基酸序列与‘德克萨斯’pRT2 ETR1 的同源性均达99 %以上; pRV-ETR1-V4 中的核苷酸和氨基酸序列与‘德克萨斯’pRT-ETR1 的同源性分别为85. 0 %和92. 5 %。上述插入片段与桃、苹果、天竺葵、拟南芥等植物的ETR1相应区域高度同源, 其氨基酸同源性均大于90 %。     

早熟、优质、耐贮梨新品种新梨7号选育研究

以库尔勒香梨为母本,早酥梨为父本,有性杂交选育成新梨７号品种。该品种同时兼备优质、早熟与耐贮藏性;该品种遗传了父本的早熟性,比父本更早熟１５~２０ｄ,盛花期~果实可食期约８０~９５ｄ,属于早熟品种;且遗传了母本品质性状的质地酥脆、耐贮、清香、阳面红晕,比母本果个大,果心小。果柄木质化,丰产抗风。新梨７号果实贮藏期的可溶性固形物、果实重量、果实硬度和果实前期腐烂率的变化与库尔勒香梨基本相似,但耐热能力高于母本。凡适宜香梨、早酥、苹果梨和巴梨种植的地区,都适宜该品种的种植。     

银杏实生树不同发育阶段个体内源激素含量的变化

以不同年龄银杏实生树为试材,研究芽尖和叶片中内源激素赤霉素(GA3)、玉米素(ZT)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)和脱落酸(ABA)含量与个体发育阶段的关系。结果表明,7龄期和13龄期银杏实生树芽尖和叶片中上述4种内源激素含量无明显差别,同时与13龄期首次开花的雄株接近,但却和3龄期有显著差异。可见实生树在7龄期前后树高2.5～3.0m已处转变期;随后树体继续生长增高到12～13m,在13龄期前后首次出现雄花和雌花开始进入成年期。芽尖中上述4种内源激素水平不是转变期进入成年期的惟一控制因子。转变期长可能是实生树迟果的原因之一。     

Changes of K+ channels of outer hair cells in guinea pig cochlea with streptomycin ototoxicity

AIM:To study the changes of K⁺ channels of outer hair cells in guinea pig cochlea with streptomycin ototoxicity. METHODS:Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and whole-cell patch clamp techniques were used.RESULTS:(1) The body weight of guinea pigs with streptomycin ototoxicity decreased significantly; (2) The ABR threshold markedly increased in streptomycin group (Ⅱ,Ⅲ);(3)The number of dissociated outer hair cells of guinea pigs (Ⅱ,Ⅲ) was lower than that of control (Ⅰ); (4) Streptomycin decreased the Ca²⁺-sensitive K⁺ currents and delayed outward K⁺ currents distinctly; (5) There was no significant difference of K⁺ currents between Ⅰ and Ⅱ/Ⅲ. CONCLUSION:These results suggest that the inhibition of K⁺ channels is the basis of streptomycin ototoxicity, but not the direct reason for cell death.     

Role of angiotensin II and angiotensin II receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells migration

AIM:To determine the effects of Angiotensin II(AngII) on migration of rat smooth muscle cells and to investigate the mechanisms underlying Ang II action in the development of injured vascular disease. METHODS:VSMCs isolated from aortic media of Wistar rats and cultured by the modified explant method were adopted. In prersence and absence of AngII, the expression of AngII receptor and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton of VSMCs were studied by immunocytochemistry technique, fluorocytochemistry technique. The migration assays were performed by a modified Boyden's chamber. And the effects of AT₁R antagonist (CV-11974), AT₂R antagonist (PD123319) on aforementioned target were studied.RESULTS:VSMCs migration was stimulated by addition of AngII. The dynamic reorganization of actin cytoskeleton may be an important mechanism by which AngII facilitates VSMC motility. The expression of AT₁R in VSMCs can be upregulated after treatment with AngII initially, then decreased gradually. The expression of AT₁R was downregulated by AT₁R antagonist. The effect of AngII on VSMCs migration was mediated by AT₁R, while AT₂R had no significant effect.CONCLUSION:The dynamic reorganization of actin cytoskeleton is required for AngII-induced VSMC migration, and this effect is mediated by AT₁R .