甲鱼暴发性传染病的病原分离及治疗试验

从１５例表现为“红底板”、“红脖子”、“烂甲”的患病甲鱼肝脏分离到９株无荚膜、无芽胞、革兰氏阴性、β溶血的短杆菌,经理化特性鉴定均为气单胞菌属（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓ）嗜温有动力菌群,其中温和气单胞菌（Ａ．ｓｏｂｒｉａ）７株,豚鼠气单胞菌（Ａ．ｃａｖｉａｅ）２株。从Ａ．ｓｏｂｒｉａ和Ａ．ｃａｖｉａｅ各选一代表菌株（ＪＡ－１和ＪＡ－２）分别感染健康鲫鱼均引起发病和死亡,其ＬＤ５０分别为４．３×１０５、５．５×１０７,并回收到该２种菌。在该２种菌培养上清中存在１种具有溶血活性的毒素。以ＪＡ－１和ＪＡ－２为菌种制成混合菌苗,在应用由黄芪、有机锗制成的免疫增效剂后,再用混合菌苗免疫家兔,制得的多价高免血清（效价达１∶５１２）与庆大霉素、恩诺沙星进行了治疗对比试验。结果,高免血清治疗自然病甲鱼１０９只,全部治愈;庆大霉素、恩诺沙星分别治疗自然病甲鱼７２只和８４只,平均治愈率分别为８８％和８４％。     

Virulence traits of avian pathogenic (APEC) and fecal (AFEC) <Emphasis Type="Italic">E. coli</Emphasis> isolated from broiler chickens in Algeria

Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is the etiologic agent of avian colibacillosis, the most common disease responsible for chicken morbidity in the world. Although multiple virulence-associated factors were identified, their prevalence in Algeria is still poorly known. In the present research, 92 avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) isolates were recovered from broilers with clinical signs and lesions of colibacillosis. In addition, 32 E. coli isolates collected from feces of healthy birds (AFEC) were included for comparison. All isolates were investigated by PCR for the presence of a total of 11 virulence-associated genes described for avian pathogenic (iroN, ompT, hlyF, iss, iutA, and fimC) and diarrheagenic E. coli (eae, stx, elt/est, ipaH, and aggR). The sensitivity of 39 APEC isolates to 16 antibiotics was also determined using antimicrobial pretreated microplates. Here, we report that 98% of the examined isolates host at least one of the tested virulence factors. The most prevalent genes in APEC were iutA (90.6%), ompT (86.9%), and iss (85.8%); whereas, iutA (78.1%), fimC (78.1%), and iroN (68.7%) were the highest prevalent genes in AFEC. Our data showed that none of the AFEC isolates harbor any of the tested diarrheagenic genes. Moreover, only elt/est (5.4%), stx (2.1%), and ipaH (2.1%) genes were carried by APEC isolates. We further established that ceftazodime, ceftiofur, mequindox, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and meropenem were the most efficient antibiotics against the analyzed APEC isolates. Overall, our findings provide more insights about APEC and AFEC virulence potential in Algeria which could participate in the fight against colibacillosis.     

甘肃省民勤治沙综合试验站区域生态经济型优化模式的设计

以甘肃省民勤治沙综合试验站区域为系统，应用线性规划的方法，建立区域生态经济型系统的优化模式。结果表明，区域系统在现有的生产条件及生产力水平下，要达到最大经济效益，并保证区域系统的生态趋于良性特环 ，其农林牧三业用最优比例为１：９．５：９．５，此时区域系统的经济纯收入最大，为１１３．７２万元，年人均纯收入达５６８６元。     

野生动物种群格局分析方法

本文综述了几种种群格局分析方法，以苍鹭营巢的分布格局为例，探讨了这些方法在野生动物种群生态学上的应用，为研究野生动物种群的数量动态及其行为规律提供了理论基础。     

羊布鲁氏菌病直接经济损失与防控成本效益分析方法构建及实证研究

为了解我国布鲁氏菌病（以下简称“布病”）一类地区羊布病造成的直接经济损失及防控投入合理性,构建了羊布病直接经济损失指标体系和防控成本效益评估方法,并对我国羊主产区4省份17市县的防疫部门和319个养羊场户进行实地走访与问卷调查。共回收防疫部门问卷21份,场户有效问卷301份,涉及124个布病羊场和177个无布病羊场。运用Excel、SPSS等软件,对问卷数据进行统计分析。结果显示：2020年单只布病羊直接经济损失平均为4 557元（不含奶羊）,各省份羊布病损失为 1.8亿~20.4 亿元,其中养羊场户损失占比较高,占总损失的 73.0%~81.0%;各省份政府的布病防控效益成本比为5:1~38:1。结果表明,羊布病导致的经济损失严重,对其防控可取得显著经济效益。建议养殖户及政府进一步加大布病防控投入,而且政府应提高预防性投入比重。本研究为优化布病防控政策提供了技术支撑。     

我国部分地区Sicinivirus流行病学调查

Sicinivirus是一种禽类新发病毒,可引起家禽发育迟缓综合症、腹泻、吸收不良综合征等.目前,仅部分国家开展了该病毒的流行病学调查,研究数据极为有限.为明确该病毒在我国的流行情况,以及该病毒感染率与地域、宿主、养殖方式之间的关系,2019年下半年在江苏、广西、河北、安徽、广东、上海、湖北和江西8个省(自治区、直辖市...     

奶水牛子宫内膜炎细菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验分析

本试验通过对南宁市周边奶水牛场的105头子宫内膜炎患牛进行调查、采样,并用常规方法对细菌进行分离、鉴定及药敏分析。共分离到细菌200株,其中分离率较高的是肠杆菌科细菌(87株/43.5%)、弧菌科细菌(46株/23%)、非发酵细菌(35株/17.5%),另外还分离到葡萄球菌、链球菌和真菌32株,占分离菌株的16%,并且多数呈混合感染。药敏试验分析结果显示,大多数致病菌对恩诺沙星、庆大霉素具有较高敏感性,而对青霉素和氨苄青霉素产生了强耐药性,对氨基糖苷类药物链霉素和卡那霉素也产生了不同程度的耐药性。     

城市宠物饲养中存在的问题及对策——以河北邯郸城市为例

随着我国经济水平的发展和生活水平的提高,城市中饲养宠物的数量和种类急剧增加。本文以河北邯郸为例对城市宠物饲养的现状及存在的问题进行剖析研究,并提出了解决问题的对策和建议。     

Cloning, expression and characterization of monkey (Macaca fascicularis) CD137

CD137 plays an important role as a co-stimulatory molecule in activated T cells. Agonistic CD137 specific antibodies have been investigated as therapeutic agents to promote tumor-specific immune responses by direct activation of T cells. As part of the pre-clinical pharmacological evaluation of cynomolgus monkeys, monkey CD137 was cloned and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence encoded a full-length gene of 254 amino acids 95% identical to human CD137. Sequence variants identified in monkey CD137 include four splice variants lacking the transmembrane domain. These variants were detectable in human including two previously unreported variants. Two missense single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected present in 42 and 50% of 36 monkeys tested. In both monkey and human, mRNA expression of full-length CD137 and splice variants were significantly increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) upon stimulation by anti-CD3 antibodies. Recombinant monkey CD137 protein was bound with high affinity by an agonistic anti-human CD137 antibody but not by an anti-mouse CD137 antibody. In summary, compared to human, monkey CD137 showed distinct extracellular domain amino acid sequence and sequence polymorphisms. Thus, antibodies directed against epitopes in this extracellular domain could have differences in pharmacologic activity between cynomolgus monkeys and human or across individual cynomolgus monkeys.     

Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) integrins αvβ3 and αvβ6 as FMDV receptors: Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and comparison with other species

Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that participate in a variety of cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix protein interactions. Many integrins recognize RGD sequences displayed on extracellular matrix proteins and the exposed loops of viral capsid proteins. Four members of the αv integrin family of cellular receptors, αvβ3, αvβ6, αvβ1 and αvβ8, have been identified as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vitro, and integrins are believed to be the receptors used to target epithelial cells in the infected animals. To analyse the roles of the αv integrins from a susceptible species as viral receptors, we have cloned Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 integrin cDNAs and compared them to those of other species. The coding sequences for Bactrian camel integrin αv, β3 and β6 were found to be 3165, 2289 and 2367 nucleotides in length, encoding 1054, 762 and 788 amino acids, respectively. The Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 subunits share many structural features with homologues of other species, including the ligand binding domain and cysteine-rich region. Phylogenetic trees and similarity analyses showed the close relationships of integrin genes from Bactrian camels, pigs and cattle, which are each susceptible to FMDV infection, that were distinct from the orders Rodentia, Primates, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Galliformes and Xenopus. We postulate that host tropism of FMDV may in part be related to the divergence in integrin subunits among different species.